DAYANANDA SAGAR COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(An Autonomous Institute affiliated to VTU, Belagavi – 590018, Approved by AICTE & ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Accredited by National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC) with ‘A’ grade & NBA

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING

Electrical C&R Panel Manufacturing Plant & Industrial Feeder

Protection using SIEMENS IED - 7SJ80

Presented by,
Kavana P
1DS19EE039

Under the Guidance of

Mrs. Deekshitha Arasa
Assistant Professor
EEE Dept., DSCE
 Industry Process Flow

 It is a sequence of steps which are to be followed in an industry.

 Individual industry has individual process flow based on type of industry.

Stages involved in electrical panel manufacturing

industries

 Inputs from the Costumers

 Designing
 Manufacturing
 Panel Wiring
 Testing

 Dispatching
CRP PANEL MANUFACTURING PROCESS

Structure Punching Bending

Welding Assembling Wiring Dispatching

Introduction to Industrial Feeder

Evolution of Protection Relays

1. Electromechanical Relays

 The components used in the electromechanical relays are

 Electro Magnets, Electrical Coils and Aluminium disk.

 Observations made are:

• Occupies more space in Electrical Panels.

• Wear and Tear of moving parts will occur.

• These relays having aging effect.
• Selectivity, Sensitivity & Speed of protection are not so accurate for
complex power system issues when compared to Static & Numerical
Relays.
2. Static Relays

 The components used in the Static relays are Transistors, Resistors,

Diodes, Capacitors, Thyristors, Op-amp.

 Observations made are:

• Selectivity, Sensitivity & Speed of protection are improved.

• Certain complex power system issues were well designed with Static
relays when compared to Electromechanical relays.

• Not capable of recording the disturbances(Applicable for

Electromechanical relays also).

• Limited to one protection function.

3. Digital Relays

 The components used in the Digital relays are Microcontrollers,

Microprocessors, other electronic components.

 Observations made are:

• Compared to static relays, digital relays use analog to digital

conversion of all measured quantities and use a microprocessor to
implement the protection algorithm.

• Digital relays have a wider range of settings, greater accuracy and a

communications link to a remote computer.

• A digital relay for a particular protection function may have a longer

operation time than the static relay equivalent.
4. Numerical Relays

 The components used in the Digital relays are Microcontrollers,

Microprocessors, Digital Signal Process other electronic components.

 Observations made are:

• The major advantages of Numerical relay are DSP Programming and

Numerical Algorithms based system monitoring & fault detection.

• Self supervision is available in Numerical relays(Using watchdog

contact). Also compatible with SCADA system.

• Single Numerical relay can provide multiple protection functions

Definition Of Numerical Relay:

 Numerical relays are functional replacements of electro-mechanical relays and include many protection functions in one unit, as well providing
metering, communication, and self-test functions.

 Numerical Relays are also known as IED (Intelligent Electronic Device)

 It is used to detect the various types of faults in power system networks

 A numerical relay is a computer-based system with software based protection algorithms for the detection of electrical faults. Such relays are
also termed as microprocessor type protective relays

Functions of Numerical Relay

 Control function
 Monitoring function
 Measuring function
 Communication function
Block Diagram of Numerical Relay

Auxiliary
Power Supply Binary Output

Intelligent
Analog Input Communication
Electronic Port
Device
Binary Input
LED Signals
ANSI Codes

51 Non Directional Overcurrent Protection 59 Overvoltage Protection

Instantaneous/Definite Time Non- 86

50 Master Trip(Lock-out) Relay
Directional Overcurrent Protection

51N Non Directional Earth fault Protection 60 PT Fuse Failure

50N Instantaneous/Definite Time Non- 95 Trip Circuit Supervision

Directional Earth fault Protection

67 Directional Overcurrent Protection 94 Anti Pumping Function

67N Directional Earth fault Protection 52X Breaker Contact Multiplier Relay

27 Undervoltage protection
Non Directional Over current Protection (51)

Non-directional overcurrent is a protection scheme developed to protect power system equipment from overcurrent‘s
and short-circuits currents regardless of the direction of current flow.

Operating principle Operating characteristics

 >

 Trip Time

a) Normal Inverse Curve / Standard

Inverse Curve
b) Very Inverse Curve
The relay operates when the fault current exceeds the pickup current.
c) Extremely Inverse Curve
d) Long time Inverse Curve
Trip time calculation:

It is a type of calculation which provides the relay tripping time varies to the fault current, which means when the fault
current low means we get high tripping time and the relay operates by certain time meanwhile while the fault current is
high means, the relay operates at less time.

Trip time, t = TMS x [

Where,
α, k are constants
TMS= Time Multiplier Setting (Time Dial)
= Measured Current in A
= Pick up current in A
t= Trip time in seconds
 Instantaneous/Definite time Non- Directional Overcurrent Protection (50)

Operating characteristics
Operating principle Trip CB

t
ΔT 1.0
(sec)
0.8
Tim delay
I FC
0.6 e
I Set
0.5
0.4
I LC
0.2 Pick up current

0 1.2
0.8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8
Is (A)
Measured
current Non Oper. Region Operating Region
Instant of
O/C start  I Meas. > I Set

 Trip will occur with a Time Delay of ΔT

A protection relay is device which is used to isolate a faulty
section of the electrical power system after the fault has The “Time delay(ΔT)” must be based
occurred. on the short circuit rating of the protected equipment
Directional Overcurrent Protection (67)

Operating Principle
 For the operation of directional overcurrent protection.

 Imeasured value must be above the set pickup value.

IMeas > ISet

Imeas +  Imeasured direction is same as that of set current direction w.r.t

ISet - voltage.
1
1 Protection  The time in the timer is corresponding to the value from the
&
initiated
1 characteristics curve at I measured.

Imeas direction is same as that Timer Protection

of set current direction w.r.t voltage operated
 Over voltage Protection (59)

If the voltage in the power system crosses above the permissible limit is called overvoltage.
Over voltage protection is used to protect the synchronous Generator/transformer/alternator form high voltage.

Operating principle
Vmeas 𝑉 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠 >𝑉 𝑠𝑒𝑡
Vset

Instant/Period Protection status Remarks

VNom
Pickup Trips the CB

t1 t3 At t < t1 ☒ ☒ Vmeas.<Vset
t
Pickup

At t1 ☒ ☒ Vmeas. =Vset
t0 t2 t3 t4 t At t2 ☒ Vmeas.>Vset & t<∆t
Tc
Tripping

At t3 Vmeas.>Vset & t ≥ ∆t
BOT
At >t4 ☒ ☒ Vmeas.<Vset
t1 ∆t t3 t4 t

∆t: Time delay BOT: Breaker opening time

Tc: Trip command to CB

 Undervoltage Protection (27)

Operating Principle
If the voltage falls below the permissible limit in the power system is called under
voltage.

Tripping 𝑉 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠 <𝑉 𝑠𝑒𝑡

Signal
VNominal Instant/Period Protection status Remarks
Pickup Trips the CB
At t < t1 ☒ ☒ Vmeas.>Vset
27Pickup
At t2 ☒ Vmeas.<Vset & t<∆t
t
At t3 Vmeas.<Vset & t ≥ ∆t
t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t At t >t4 ☒ ☒ Vmeas.>Vset
THANK YOU!