UNIT VII

Feminism (Women
Studies), Peace
Education, and
Indigeneous Studies
Group 3
Yvonne Baldevieso
Renelyn Dela Cruz
Sophia Nicole Eulogio
Princess Kay Manong
OBJECTIVES:
• Explain the significance of women studies and inner peace

01
• Understand the relevance of human rights and living in
the spirit of justice, compassion and solidarity 4
02 03
• Value the culture of Aklanons

• Analyze the new paradigms of sustainable development

for education
FEMINI
( Wo m e n S t u d i e s )
What is FEMINISM

 a growing body of paradigm and social practice grounded on

experiences in the global women’s movement, a phenomenon
that could be profoundly interpreted configuring all that women
did for survival and resist oppression throughout the centuries.

 not an allusion to the feminine as a special

category of women’s contentions.
Women’s experiences Feminism

• It insists on greater well-being, mutuality

in engagement, equality, and
participation for women.
• Elevating queries on structures for
organizing all of life.
Violence Against WOMEN

• Violence generates to physical, mental, spiritual,

sexual and health problems, and even diabolical.

• It also endangers low education, maltreatment,

harmful usage of alcohol and drug addiction, gender
inequality, apophatic communication and
relationship skills.
• Circumstances of compulsions, post compulsions
and displacement may exacerbate existing
violence and exhibit adjunct sorts of violence
against women.
 World Health Organization on The National Statistics Office, in their 2008 survey, stated
their study on violence against that one in five Filipino women age 15-49 has
women indicated that globally experienced physical violence since age 15.
35% of women experienced
physical or sexual violence Republic Act No. 9710 (RA 9710)
with intimate partners wherein
38% of all murders of women This engendered a number of legislative initiatives to
are committed by their intimate acknowledge the rights of women, such as the ratification
partners. Violence even to of Republic Act No. 9710 (RA 9710), also known as
young people within Philippine Magna Carta of Women ratified in 2009. RA
individuals, families and 9710 is the comprehensive woman’s human rights law in
communities and the entire the country with the objective to dissipate discrimination
society, including dating in contradiction to women by acknowledging, protecting,
violence, is now a major fulfilling and fostering the rights of Filipino women,
problem. especially those in marginalized sector.
Simone de Beauvoir’s Ethical Existentialist Feminism

Existentialism - is a description of a certain type of philosophical

thinking. It does not form a single school. In general, it is a rebellion
against many of the main trends of western philosophy [traditional
European philosophy] especially Rene Descartes and his followers.
The essential features of existentialism are a summary of
the perspectives of different existentialist philosophers:
1. Existentialists placed a heavy stress on subjectivity
This viewpoint emphasizes the:
-The only route to truth in the sphere of human existence is through the human subject’s own
personal participation. -Man’s knowledge of being must begin with his own personal being.
-Man is the only element in being which possesses self-understanding and hence
understanding of being in general.

2. Existentialist ethics repudiating the spirit of seriousness

-Simone de Beauvoir fostered this ethics,
wherein people are determined with certain abstractions at the expense of individual freedom
and accountability.
-In The Second Sex she assaulted the fact that throughout history women have been relegated
to a dimension of immanence and the passive acceptance of tasks bestowed to them by
society.
Genesis of Feminism

-It was a response to gender inequality primarily in social

and political milieu matured in stages where the first wave,
second wave and third wave constitutes its commencement.
Romantic feminism

-Ecompasses a diverse yet related group of radical

25%
or separatist and other 50% 75%
cultural feminists visualized
divergences between males and females as
representative of masculine and feminine natures
that are complementary contradictories.
Liberal Feminism
-Grounded in the enlightenment liberal tradition
shaping the ground for capitalism and democracy as
it is practiced in the west, accentuates on the
equality and common human nature of all persons
and prompted extending to women as individuals
political and legal rights within current systems.
Coercion
It simply means forcing a person to enter into a
contract by adopting unfair needs. The basics idea of
'coercion' is that a person may be forced to make an
agreement by the use of fear off some kind of
physical harm or loss.
Example of Coercion Action

01 These actions may include extortion, blackmail, or 4

02 03
even torture and sexual assault.
 Contemporary Issues

GENDER ISSUES

A gender issue arises out of an identifiable

gender gap. A gender issue is caused by the
socially determined roles of women and men.
 GENDER ISSUES

Gender Socialization at Work

• The modern workplace dismisses the double burden of

working women who must balance child care and full-
time work.

• Women are more likely to be 'mommy-tracked'

penalized for leaving the workforce go give birth and
expected to leave the workforce.
 GENDER EQUALITY

Sex

• The biological Dimension

• Sex indicates the biological/physical differences between

men and women that we are born with, based on our sexual
and reproductive functions.

• The terms male and female are used to describe the sec of an
individual.
Gender

• The Cultural Dimension

• Gender indicates the socially-created differences between men

and women and is changeable in societies, cultures and even
families over time.

• Gender refers to the economic, social and cultural attributes

and opportunities associated with being male and female.
GENDER AWARENESS

• Understanding that there are socially determined

differences between men and women based on
learned behavior, which affect through gender
analysis in projects, programs, budgets, and
policies.
GENDER SENSITIVITY

• Encompasses the ability to acknowledge and

highlight existing gender differences, issues and I'm
inequalities in projects, programmes, budgets and
policies and to incorporate these into strategies and
actions.
Feminist View in Philosophy

Feminist philosophy is philosophy that is aimed at

understanding and challenging the oppression of women.
Feminist philosophy examines issues that are traditionally found
in practical ethics and political philosophy, metaphysics,
epistemology and philosophy of language.
Feminist View in Gender and Development

Feminism can be defined as the advocacy of women's rights on

the basis of gender equality. In our Introduction to gender
inequality open step, experts describe gender equality as denoting
equal respect, rights and opportunities for everyone, regardless of
gender identity.
SIX ISSUES /
PILLARS /
DIMENSIONS
OF PEACE
 PEACE

• Seen as an absence of violence and a fleeting fragile state

• It is25%
a notion which has important implications for75%
peace, in
that the notion implies that each person has an obligation
to regard others as ends-in-themselves and thus not
engage in violence towards others. In other words, the
notion implies that each person has a responsibility to act in
a peaceful manner.
Personal/Inner Peace

Often referred to as an intrapersonal peace or inner peace. It

means peace with oneself. When you have personal peace,
it means you accept yourself the way you are, no matter
how you look outside, or what you think about yourself:
spirit, soul, and body.
Human Rights
• Moral principles or norms for certain standards of
human behaviour and are regularly protected in
01 municipal and international law.
4
03
• The basic rights and freedoms that
belong to every person in the world,
from birth until death.
They apply regardless of where you are
from, what you believe or how you
choose to live your life.
Every human is a person, endowed with intelligence and free
will, which has universal and inviolable rights and obligation.

A. RIGHTS

1. Right to Life and Worthy Standard of Living (includes rights to

the proper development of life and to basic security.)
2. Right of Cultural and Moral Values (includes freedom to
search for and express opinions, freedom of information, and
rights to education.)

3. Rights to Religion and Conscience

4. Right to Choose One’s State of Life (includes right to

establish a family and pursue a religious vocation.)
5. Economic Rights (includes right to work, to a just and
sufficient wage, and to hold private property.)

6. Rights of Meeting and Association.

7. Rights to Emigrate and Immigrate

8. Political Rights (includes right to participate in public

affairs and juridical protection of rights
 Duties

1. To acknowledge and respect rights of others.

2. Mutual collaboration.

3. To act for others responsibly.

4. To preserve life and live it becomingly.

 Signs of the Times

1. Working classes have gradually gained ground in

economic and social affairs.

2. Women are participating in public life.

3. All nations are becoming independent.

Relations Between
Individuals and
Public Authorities
in a Single State
 The Nature of Authority

1. Authority is necessary for the proper functioning of society.

2. It derives its force from the moral order which has God for its end.

3. A state which only punishes / rewards cannot effectively promote the

common good.

4. State cannot oblige in matters of conscience.

5. A command contrary to God’s will is not binding.

Common Good – Characteristics

1. Human person must be considered.

2. All members of the state share in common good.

3. More attention must be given to the less fortunate members of the

society.

4. State must promote material and spiritual welfare of citizens.

Civil Authority
1. Chief concern should be to ensure the common good.

2. Function: to coordinate social relations in a way that allows people to exercise their rights
and duties peacefully.

3. A threefold division of powers-legislative, executive, and judicial- is recommended for

public authorities.

4. Often a prudent and thoughtful juridical structure is inadequate for society’s needs.

5. Three requisites of good government:

A. charter of human rights

B. written constitution
C. relations between governed and government in terms of right and duties.
3. Dismantling the Culture of War / Violence
• The culture culture of war is more than just an nation being at war; it is
the physical and structural violence that permeates every aspect of
culture, including language, interpersonal relationship, power dynamic
and one’s relationship with nature. The culture of war manifest in myriad
of ways, and is often deeply entrenched in beliefs that can make it seem
“normal” or “natural”. However, as culture is human-construct, the
culture of war is human made, and as such, can be equally dismantled
and replaced with a culture of peace.
4. Living with Justice and Compassion

JUSTICE

• The Western25% 50% of moral rightness75%

notion of justice is a concept based on ethics,
rationality, law, natural law, religion, equity or fairness.

• Understanding of justice differ in every culture, as culture are usually

dependent upon a shared history, mythology and/or religion. Each culture’s
ethics creates values which influence the notion of justice. Although there can
be found some justice principles that are one and the same in all or most of the
cultures, this are insufficient to create a unitary justice apprehension.
 COMPASSION

Compassion is the understanding or empathy for the

suffering of others. It is regarded as a fundamental part of
human love, and cornerstone of greater social
interconnection and humanism-foundational to the
highest principles in philosophy, society, and personhood.
5. Living with Harmony with the Earth

Harmony is usually identified as a human value, reffering to

compatibility and accord in feelings, actions,
relationships, opinions, interests, etc. It denotes a state of
balance among forces influencing and even opposing one
another.
HOW TO LIVE IN HARMONY WITH OTHERS

1. Everytime you encounter another person, recognize that a major percentage of each person
is identical to you.

2. Recognize the common nature that each person has to pursue personal preservation,
01
personal growth and personal enjoyment.
4
02 03
3. Recognize that each human being is potentially an asset to humanity.

4. Recognize that unique contribution that each person can make to the ongoing cause of
human progress through imagination and hardwork.

5. Appreciate your natural desire to look good and to perform well.

6. Recognize that you are able to be useful to others and that others may be useful to you.

7. Recognize that we are all in this planet together.

 Intercultural
Respect,
Reconciliation and
Solidarity
Intercultural Respect – This can be referred to
as the respect and tolerance that people
belonging to one particular culture have for
people from another culture.
Reconciliation

This is the process of building peace and re-

establishing friendly relations between two
parties, states or countries that have been in a
conflict. However, the meaning changes with
different settings and situations.
Solidarit
y This means developing or building a feeling of agreement
between two parties or groups having a mission or striving
for the same goal.

“Solidarity is the integration, and degree and type of

integration, shown by a society or group with people and
their neighbors. It refers to the ties in a society that bind
people to one another.
A. In Truth

1. Eliminate racism.
2. Right to self-development.
3. Obligation of mutual assistance.
4. Objective use of media.

B. In Justice

1. Recognition of mutual rights and duties.

2. Improve situation of ethnic minorities.
C. Active Solidarity

1. Foster friendly relations in all fields.

2. Civil authority exists to promote the common good of the entire
human family.
3. Reduce imbalances of goods and capital in the world.
4. Right of political refugees to migrate.
5. Arms race.

A. deprives less developed countries of social and economic

progress.
B. creates a climate of fear.
C. “justice, then, right reason, and consideration of human dignity
and life demand that the arms race should cease.” (#112)
D. In Liberty

• Relations based on freedom: responsibility and enterprise

encouraged.

• Wealthy nations should respect moral values in giving aid

without seeking to dominate.
Indigenous
Studies
AKLAN
Located at the northwestern part
25% of Panay Island. 75%

One of the top tourist

destination of the Philippines,
Boracay Island.
Seventeen(17)
municipalities
Altavas
Balete
Seventeen(17)
municipalities
Banga
Batan
Seventeen(17)
municipalities

01
Buruanga

02
03
Ibajay

4
Seventeen(17)
municipalities
Kalibo
Seventeen(17)
municipalities
Lezo
Libacao
Seventeen(17)
municipalities
Madalag
Makato
Seventeen(17)
municipalities
Malay
Malinao
Seventeen(17)
municipalities
Nabas
New Washington
Seventeen(17)
municipalities
Numancia
Tangalan
KALIBO STO.
NIÑO ATI-
ATIHAN
Mother
Festival
of all
One of the most popular celebration that is
replicated throughout the country during town
fiestas.

Once a year in January, Aklan Province becomes

the place to be with Ati-Atihan Festival.
• The first Ati-Atihan occurred during the first celebration of the
barter of Panay.
• The Ati’s trekked to the mountains to pursue their nomadic ways.

• Datu25% 50% landed in Aklan. 75%

Bangkaya and his tribe Such Brown
settlers from Borneo and their descendants occupied the coastal
plains and downstream valley.
• They left their homes so that the Malays will have temporarily
urgent dwelling place.
• The Malay’s built their settlements on the vacated lands. They
established the first community of the brown race in this country
and the Confederation of Madyaas.
• They named the island Madyaas — paradise in contrast to the
land they left behind.
• Several hundred years and a new influence came to Panay. The
Spanish conquistadores arrives with the sword and the cross,
evangelizing, baptizing and introducing the Santo Nino.
• With a Christian character, the Ati-ati festival was transformed
into the feast of the Holy Child or Sto. Nino.
• Thus, the present Ati-Atihan is tinged with religious fervor and
is now associated with miracles
• To celebrate the event, the drums of Aklan were sounded for this
beneficial event and coincided with the existing Ati-Atihan feast.
• Today, the Kalibo Sto. Nino Ati-Atihan festival is a
combination of both a religious celebration and a historical
commemoration.
• It is the Feast of the Sto. Nino and the historical event: the ati-
atihan festival. It is a fusion of historical pageantry, pagan
revelry, religiosity, and modern the Mardi Gras.
 HOW IT IS CELEBRATED
* Before the festival day itself, the people attend Novena Masses (Sto.
Nino), as well as benefit dances sponsored by civic organizations. 
01 4
* The second day begins at dawn with a rosary procession, and ends
with a community mass. The merrymaking is then resumed.
02 03
* On the last day, the Holy Mass in honor of the Sto. Nino is
celebrated at Pastrana Park then groups representing different
costumed tribes compete. The highlight of the day is dance-
procession of tribes and devotees carrying bamboo torches and
different images of the Sto. Nino. 
The cultural tradition survived for centuries, has
achieved national, even world renowned because of
its inherent character. The character consists of;
1. Goodwill
2. Reverence
3. Creativity
Because the Ati-Atihan is religious in nature, every Santo Niño devotee always
pays homage to the Holy Child inside the Church. The same spirit of oneness and
revelry that originated in the centuries old celebration of friendship and good
harvest between the Atis and Bornean Malays has inspired alike the soul-
smearing tradition, the costumes and the ati-ati music, and dance that have
survived to this day.

1. Prevalent themes in the festival

The festival presents prevalent themes in the costumes and the issues that they
imply tackling the political, social and historical scenes throughout the globe.

2.Decade of the warrior Ati‟s-the 1970‟s: the years of living dangerously

The evolution of the themes of the colorful and garish costumes are apparent
brought about by cultural, social, political, and even economic forces.
3. Pop culture: contextualizing the 1980’s

The 1980’s is well remembered for the Edsa revolt in 1986 ending the Marcos
dictatorship, but the chaos in the capital was not reflected in the festival for the
local government made a resolution to discourage the intrusion of political
elements in the revelry.

4. The Age of globalization: 1990s – present

From the 1990s to the present, we notice a confluence of issues that came with
globalization such as the prevalence of commercialism, the power of the media to
inspire people to protest. The 1990‟s were to usher various transformations
worldwide, the new world order, or term coined by U.S.
B. THE AKEANON BUKIDNON

AKLANON BUKIDNON are Indigenous People of Barangay Panipiason and

Barangay Medina, Madalag Aklan.

-they are mountain dwellers - our Indigenous Aklanon brothers and sisters.

-This group was able to preserve their colorful cultural traits and local traditions
unaffected by the modern influences. 
-they were able to create beautiful dance steps and elegant movements through
the sound of a "GONG" and indigenous musical instruments like bamboo.
- Inagong dance is a cultural dance of Aklanon Bukidnon. The Inagong is
usually performed on special festive occasions. It imitates the living creatures
around them such as birds, butterflies, and animals like the monkey.
C. BANGA CROSSING MASSACRE

-a tragedy that ended hundreds of lives, and later thousands of lives in town of
Banga, Aklan.
-a tragedy that would have never been known if not for Edgar Orola, the lone
survivor.

Background Story

- A week before October 21, 1942, the town Mayor, Lorenzo Duran Sr. and Atty.
Jose Orquiola called for a meeting. It was disclosed that on the following day, the
Japanese Imperial Army would arrive and male people had to gather around to
lovingly offer hospitality to the arriving forces or foreign visitors at the junction of
Rizal and Mabini Street (known today as (Banga Crossing) in the Poblacion.
-The male crowds were told to bring benches from the church in the nearby
vicinity where they - Exciting welcome preparations were done. Flaglets were
waved as the Japanese forces arrived. As a return gesture and without any
provocation, the Bangahons were fired upon from the machine guns, while
others had their hands tied together with abaca and held captives.
Edgar Orola was 8 years old when the tragedy happened. He was with his father
“Perfecto”, half brother Diogenes “Genes” Rigodon and cousins Federico and
Rodolfo Rigodon. Although he was not a war veteran, he contributed to the rich
history of the province of Aklan, by retelling the story. His story enlightened
the minds of the Aklanons about one of the most petrifying tales that happened
in the past. The story of the Banga crossing Massacre would have not been told
if not for him, the only survivor.
BANGA CROSSING MASSACRE

A commemoration of the said event is popularly known as the Banga Crossing

Massacre. It is celebrated every October 21. It is called “Pagaeaw aeaw Festival”
which means ‘Welcome Festival’ to remember the lives of the ones who were killed
in the massacre.

 Every year, it is being reenacted and the town celebrates 'Saguibin', meaning to
help one another. This is the equivalent of the word Bayanihan. 

Banganhons has a long standing tradition of its unique way of surviving and
accepting the challenges that beset the municipality known for its rich customs and
traditions.
 
The Saguibin denotes camaraderie among the people in the community and connotes to
be united on the task helping one another in time of need. Levinas philosophy is
evident in this town. It is “any action by a group of people in which each person
subordinates his individual interest and opinions to the unity and efficiency of the
group.”

It is a strong sense of warm family togetherness and pakikisama (going beyond the
material considerations) – pervades.

Saguibin exemplifies oneness in spirit, action and thought. This tradition is the legacy
of the ordinary women farm workers to the community. It bridges to the future sharing
not just their very selves but also with a larger segment of society to continue to seek
peace, harmony, reconciliation and growth.
Another scenario for saguibin paradigm is that whenever any job was too big for one
person or one family to do, as in moving a house, the neighbors come around to help.
The word used for cooperative neighbor was bayani, which also means hero.
New Paradigms of
Sustainable
Development for
Education /
The
TREE
Model
 The
TREE
Tree Element Topic

The genotype The university mission and identity

The roots
01 4
The graduate profile, i.e. the education goals, e.g. the competence profile

The trunk

The branches
Model
02 03
The basics: what every student should learn

The disciplinary details of sustainable development in the curriculum

The biochemistry Didactics: methodologies for the learning process

The ecosystem Inter- and transdisciplinary cooperation

Sprouting and growing Education for sustainability strategy and assessment

Reaching maturity System Integration of sustainable development

The fruits Sustainably Competent Professionals

THE ROOTS : the sustainably competent professional
The roots of the tree symbolize the ‘roots’ of a study program, i.e. the educational goals,
answering the question: ‘What kind of professionals do we want to deliver to society?’ In
other words, what exactly defines a ‘sustainably competent professional’?

THE TRUNK : fundamentals of sustainable development

If a university wishes to educate all of its students in sustainable development, it is
essential that both the lecturers and the students speak the same language. So, a general
introduction to sustainable development is needed, preferably in the first year of all study
programs.

THE BRANCHES : sustainable development in the curriculum

Sustainable development should ideally not be treated in separate education modules
newly inserted throughout the curriculum. Rather, it should be integrated as a range of
aspects and topics into existing modules, in such way that the complexity and the
multidisciplinary increase in the course of the study program.
THANK
YOU!