Union and

Intersection of Events
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 Expectation:
Illustrates events, and union and
intersection of events.

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Prayer
Dear Lord, Thank you for all the blessings you have added to my life.
to my family, friends, classmates and teachers. may the sum of this
gifts multiply your goodness and grace as Lord and savior. guide us to
the way that is true so there may be no division from your grace. let
me be the multiplier of your goodness and let no evil be a divisor of
all men. may our faith in you dear Lord subtract sins and make us true
and faithful as a product of your love. in Jesus' name. Amen.
RECALL A: Arrange the following jumbled letters using the definition as your

hint.

1) AACEELMPPSS

- it is the set of all outcomes in an

experiment.

Sample space
RECALL A: Arrange the following jumbled letters using the definition as your

hint.

2)AADEGIMNNRV

- it uses circles to represent sets, in which the relations

between the sets are indicated by arrangement of the circles.

Venn diagram
RECALL A: Arrange the following jumbled letters using the definition as your

hint.

3) ABBIILOPRTY

- it is the measure of how likely an event is to

occur.

Probability
RECALL A: Arrange the following jumbled letters using the definition as your

hint.

4)CEEIINNORSTT

- it is a set that contains all the elements that are in

both events.

Intersection
RECALL A: Arrange the following jumbled letters using the definition as your

hint.

5) CEELMMNPOT

- it is a set of all outcomes that are NOT in the

event.

Complement
Recall B
Use the formula below to compute for
the answers: If you spin a numbered
( 0-8)spinner, find the probability of
each outcome.
1. a 5
2. an odd number
3. a multiple of 3
4. a number less than 7
5. a number greater than 0
Answers:
1.1/9
2.4/9
3.2/9
4.7/9
5.58/9
Consider the experiment of rolling a 6-sided die.

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1) In a die experiment, what are the possible outcomes? How
many possible outcomes are there? What do you call the set of
all the possible outcomes?

The possible OUTCOMES are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 since a die has 6 faces.

n(S) = 6 since there are 6 elements. This is called the CARDINALITY of a set.

The set of all possible outcomes is called SAMPLE SPACE denoted by S S={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Suppose
A represents the event that the number is odd
B represents the event that the number is prime
C represents the event that the number is a factor of 6

What are the elements of sets A, B and C

2. ANSWERS
A= { 1, 3, 5 }
B= { 2, 3, 5 }
C= { 2, 3}
3. Will you represent the 3 sets using Venn
diagram?
3. Will you represent the 3 sets using Venn diagram?

In the Venn diagram, there are three events A, B, and

C. Each event consists of elements. The elements of the
three events including the elements outside the events
is a universal set. Universal set denoted by (U) is a set
consisting of elements in the totality of all sets under
consideration, therefore U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
Therefore A, B and C are subsets of U.
 4) Refer to the Venn diagram,
a) What are the common element/s of events A and B?
b) What are the common element/s of events B and C?
c) c) What are the common element/s of events A, B and C?

4. ANSWERS:
a) {3 ,5 }
b) { 2, 3 }
c) { 3 }
The common element/s of two or more events is called INTERSECTION. It can be written
as

a) A ∩ B={ 3 , 5} b) B ∩ C = { 2 , 3} c) A ∩ B ∩ C = { 3}
 5. Refer to the Venn diagram,
a) What are the elements in A or B?
b) What are the elements in A or C?
c) What are the elements in A or B or C?

5. ANSWERS:
a) { 1, 2, 3, 5 }
b) { 1, 2, 3, 5 }
c) { 1, 2, 3, 5 }

The set of elements that are found in events A or B, A or C, and A or B or C is called a UNION of
two or more events. It can be written as,

a) A ∪ B={ 1,2, 3, 5} b) A ∪ C={ 1, 2 ,3, 5} c)A ∪ B ∪ C ={ 1 ,2, 3 ,5}

 6. Refer to the Venn diagram,
a) What are the elements that are NOT in A ?
b) What are the elements NOT in C?

6. ANSWERS:
a) The elements not in A are { 2, 4 ,6}
b) The elements not in C are { 1, 4, 5, 6 }

The set of elements NOT in A but it is in the universal set is called the COMPLEMENT of A.
Not in C but in the universal set is the complement of C and can be denotes as
A' ( read as A complement)
C' ( read as C complement) and can be written as
A' = { 2, 4, 6}
C' = { 1, 4, 5, 6}
Example 1
There are 12 chips numbered from 1 to 12 in a bag. A chip is
drawn at random from the bag. Let A be the event that the number
is multiple of 3, B be the event that a number is a prime number.
Find the following:
a) A ∪ B
b) A ∩ B
c) A’ ∩ B’
 Solution:
A = {3, 6, 9, 12}
B = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11}

a) A ∪ B = {3, 6, 9,12 } ∪ {2, 3, 5, 7, 11} = { 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11,12}

b) A ∩ B = {3, 6, 9,12} ∩ {2, 3, 5, 7, 11} = { 3 }

c) A’ ∩ B’ = {1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11,12} ∩ {1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12} = {1, 4, 8, 10, 12} 10}
Example 2
Given:
Q = {x/ x is an even number, x 16} and
T = {x/x is a multiple of 5, x 20}.
Q = {2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16}
T = {5, 10, 15, 20}

Find the following:

a) Q ∩ T = {10}

b) Q ∪ T ={2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 20}

 Example 3

The extracurricular activities in which the senior class at Kananga

National High School participate are shown in the Venn diagram
below.
a) How many students are in the senior class?

ANSWER:

U=28+15+10+4+50+8 +21+25 U= 161

THEREFORE 161 students

 Example 3

The extracurricular activities in which the senior class at Kananga

National High School participate are shown in the Venn diagram
below.
b)How many students participate in athletics?

ANSWER:

A = 4 + 10 + 8 + 50 A = 72

The are 72 students participate in athletics.

 Example 3
The extracurricular activities in which the senior class at Kananga
National High School participate are shown in the Venn diagram
below.
c) If a student is randomly chosen, what is the probability that the student participates in
athletics or drama??

Solution:
n(E)=28+15+10+4+8+50
n(E)= 115
n(S) = 161
𝑛(115
𝐸)
𝑃 ( 𝐸 )= ¿
𝑛(161
𝑆)
WRAP-UP
• SAMPLE SPACE (S) is the set of all possible outcomes in an experiment.

• The CARDINALITY of a set n(S) is the number of elements in a set.

• UNIVERSAL set (U) is a set consisting of elements in the totality of all sets
under consideration.

• The INTERSECTION of events A and B is the set of all sample points in the
sample space that are in A and B. The intersection of events A and B is denoted
as
• A ∩ B. In other words,
• A ∩ B is an event that both events A and B occur.
WRAP-UP
The UNION of events A and B is the set of all sample points in the sample
space that are in A or B or both. The union of events A and B is denoted as
A ∪ B. In other words, A ∪ B is the event that either event A or event B
occurs, or both events occur.
Activity
DIRECTIONS: Solve the following problems.
1.There are 8 chips numbered from 1 to 8 in a bag. A chip is
drawn at random from the bag. Let A be the event that the
number is multiple of 4 and B be the event that the number is
even number. Find A∩B.

2. Given: Q = {x: x is an odd number, x <10} and T = {x: x is a

multiple of 3, x < 15}. Find
Q ∪ T.
3. A die is thrown once, and the number obtained is recorded. The
sample space S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}. Let A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {3, 6}.
Show C = A’ ∪ B’?

4. A coin is tossed three times. Let H and T be the head and tail
shown on the side facing upwards respectively. The sample space S
= {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}. Let A = {HHH,
HHT, HTH, HTT} and B = {HHH, HHT, THH, THT}. Show C = A
∩ B?

5. The Venn diagram on the right shows the number of elements in

set A and B. If n(A∪ B ) =20, n(A ∩ B ) =3, and n(B) = 12, find the
values of x and y.
Answer Key
1. ). {4, 8}
2. {1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12 }
3){1, 2, 3, 5, 6}
4) C = {HHH, HHT}
5) x = 8, y = 9
ACTIVITY
DIRECTIONS: Solve the following problems.
1. A class adviser surveys 35 of his students on the kind of pets they have at home. He found that 15
have dogs, 12 have cats, and 8 have birds. Five have dogs and cats, 4 have dogs and birds, and 2 have
cats and birds. If no one has all three kinds of pets, how many students have none of these pets?

2. There are 12 chips numbered from 11 to 22 in a bag. A chip is drawn at random from the bag. Let A
be the event that the number is smaller than 16, B be the event that a number is a composite number.
Find A∩B.

3. A coin is tossed three times. Let H and T be the head and tail shown on the side of the coin facing
upwards, respectively. A is the event that the first toss is H, B is the event that the second toss is H,
and C is the event that the first and second tosses are H. Find C ∪ B’.
ACTIVITY
4. A number is drawn at random from the integers 20 to 40. Let A the event that the number
is not less than 32, and B is the event that the number is divisible by 4. Find (A ∪ B ) ∩ B’.

5. A letter is first chosen at random from the word SAMPLE, and then the next letter is
chosen at random from the word SET. The two letters chosen are recorded. A is the event
that the first letter chosen is a vowel, and B is the event that the second letter chosen is a
vowel, and C is the event that the two letters chosen are the same. Find C’ ∩ (A ∪ B).
Thank
you!