Unit #2 - Data Warehouse and Data Mining

Data Warehouse
and
Data Mining
Prof. Dr. M. S. Memon
[email protected]
03337037187
May 20, 2023 1
Data Mining
M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

May 20, 2023 QUEST Nawabshah 2
Introduction

Decision support progress to Data Mining
Early File- Database Data OLAP Data Mining

based Systems Warehouse Systems
Systems Applications
Basic Data for

Operational Data for multi- Selected
accounting and extracted
systems Dimensional
data data
data decision Analysis
Support
No Decision Primitive True Complex Knowledge
Support Decision Analysis & Discovery
Decision Support Calculations
Support
Data Mining
• A non-trivial extraction of novel, implicit, and
actionable knowledge from large databases
• Technology to enable data exploration, data

analysis, and data visualization of very large
databases at a high level of abstraction,
without a specific hypothesis in mind
Why Data Mining?
• The Explosive Growth of Data: from terabytes to petabytes

– Data collection and data availability
• Automated data collection tools, database systems, Web, computerized
society
– Major sources of abundant data
• Business: Web, e-commerce, transactions, stocks, …
• Science: Remote sensing, bioinformatics, scientific simulation, …
• Society and everyone: news, digital cameras, YouTube
• We are drowning in data, but starving for knowledge!
• “Necessity is the mother of invention”—Data mining—Automated analysis of
massive data sets
Evolution of Sciences
• Before 1600, empirical science
• 1600-1950s, theoretical science
– Each discipline has grown a theoretical component. Theoretical models often motivate
experiments and generalize our understanding.
• 1950s-1990s, computational science
– Over the last 50 years, most disciplines have grown a third, computational branch (e.g.
empirical, theoretical, and computational ecology, or physics, or linguistics.)
– Computational Science traditionally meant simulation. It grew out of our inability to find
closed-form solutions for complex mathematical models.
• 1990-now, data science
– The flood of data from new scientific instruments and simulations
– The ability to economically store and manage petabytes of data online
– The Internet and computing Grid that makes all these archives universally accessible
– Scientific info. management, acquisition, organization, query, and visualization tasks scale
almost linearly with data volumes. Data mining is a major new challenge!
• Jim Gray and Alex Szalay, The World Wide Telescope: An Archetype for Online Science , Comm.
ACM, 45(11): 50-54, Nov. 2002
Evolution of Database Technology
• 1960s:
– Data collection, database creation, IMS and network DBMS
• 1970s:
– Relational data model, relational DBMS implementation
• 1980s:
– RDBMS, advanced data models (extended-relational, OO, deductive, etc.)
– Application-oriented DBMS (spatial, scientific, engineering, etc.)
• 1990s:
– Data mining, data warehousing, multimedia databases, and Web databases
• 2000s
– Stream data management and mining
– Data mining and its applications
– Web technology (XML, data integration) and global information systems

What Is Data Mining?
• Data mining (knowledge discovery from data)

– Extraction of interesting (non-trivial, implicit, previously unknown
and potentially useful) patterns or knowledge from huge amount of
data
– Data mining: a misnomer?
• Alternative names
– Knowledge discovery (mining) in databases (KDD), knowledge
extraction, data/pattern analysis, data archeology, data dredging,
information harvesting, business intelligence, etc.
• Watch out: Is everything “data mining”?
– Simple search and query processing
– (Deductive) expert systems
Knowledge Discovery (KDD) Process
– Data mining—core of Pattern Evaluation

knowledge discovery
process
Data Mining
Task-relevant Data
Data Selection
Warehouse
Data Cleaning
Data Integration
May 20, 2023

Databases M. S. Memon CSE Dept.
QUEST Nawabshah 10
Data Mining and Business Intelligence
Increasing potential
to support
business decisions End User
Decision
Making
Data Presentation Business

Analyst
Visualization Techniques
Data Mining Data
Information Discovery Analyst
Data Exploration
Statistical Summary, Querying, and Reporting
Data Preprocessing/Integration, Data Warehouses

DBA
Data Sources
Paper, Files, Web documents, Scientific experiments, Database Systems
Data Mining: Confluence of Multiple Disciplines
Database
Technology Statistics
Machine Visualization
Learning Data Mining
Pattern
Recognition Other
Algorithm Disciplines

Data Mining: A KDD Process
Steps of KDD Process
• Learning the application domain:
– relevant prior knowledge and goals of application
• Creating a target data set: data selection
• Data cleaning and preprocessing: (may take 60% of effort!)
• Data reduction and transformation:
– Find useful features, dimensionality/variable reduction, invariant
representation
• Choosing functions of data mining
– summarization, classification, regression, association, clustering
• Choosing the mining algorithm(s)
• Data mining: search for patterns of interest
• Pattern evaluation and knowledge presentation
– visualization, transformation, removing redundant patterns, etc
• Use of discovered knowledge
OLAP versus Data Mining
Features OLAP Data Mining
Motivation for What is Predict the future
Information happening in based on why this
request the is happening
enterprise?
Summary data
Data granularity Detailed
Limited number of Large number of dimensions
transaction-level
Number of dimensions
business data
dimension Small number of attributes Many dimension Attributes
Number of Usually very large for each
dimension Not large for each dimension dimension
attributes
User-driven interactive Data-driven automatic
Sizes of analysis knowledge discovery
datasets
Analysis for the
techniques Multidimensional, drill- Prepare data, launch
dimensions down, and slice & dice mining tool & sit back
Analysis
State of the technology Mature & widely used Still emerging
approach
Data Mining Applications
• Database analysis and decision support
– Market analysis and management
• target marketing, customer relation management,
market basket analysis, cross selling, market
segmentation
– Risk analysis and management
• Forecasting, customer retention, improved underwriting, quality
control, competitive analysis
– Fraud detection and management
• Other Applications
– Text mining (news group, email, documents)
– Stream data mining
– Web mining
– DNA data analysis
Data Mining Techniques
• Data mining covers a broad range of
techniques including:
– Classification
– Clustering
– Sequential Pattern mining
– Association rule mining
– Many more …
• These techniques consist of the specific
algorithms
Association Rule Mining
• Finding frequent patterns, associations, correlations, or
causal structures among sets of items or objects in
transaction databases, relational databases, and other
information repositories
• Frequent pattern: pattern (set of items, sequence, etc.)
that occurs frequently in a database
• Motivation: finding regularities in data
– What products were often purchased together? — Beer and diapers?!
– What are the subsequent purchases after buying a PC?
– What kinds of DNA are sensitive to this new drug?
– Can one automatically classify web documents?
Why Not Traditional Data Analysis?
• Tremendous amount of data
– Algorithms must be highly scalable to handle such as tera-bytes of data
• High-dimensionality of data
– Micro-array may have tens of thousands of dimensions
• High complexity of data
– Data streams and sensor data
– Time-series data, temporal data, sequence data
– Structure data, graphs, social networks and multi-linked data
– Heterogeneous databases and legacy databases
– Spatial, spatiotemporal, multimedia, text and Web data
– Software programs, scientific simulations
• New and sophisticated applications
Multi-Dimensional View of Data Mining
• Data to be mined
– Relational, data warehouse, transactional, stream, object-oriented/relational,
active, spatial, time-series, text, multi-media, heterogeneous, legacy, WWW
• Knowledge to be mined
– Characterization, discrimination, association, classification, clustering,
trend/deviation, outlier analysis, etc.
– Multiple/integrated functions and mining at multiple levels
• Techniques utilized
– Database-oriented, data warehouse (OLAP), machine learning, statistics,
visualization, etc.
• Applications adapted
– Retail, telecommunication, banking, fraud analysis, bio-data mining, stock
market analysis, text mining, Web mining, etc.

Data Mining: Classification Schemes
• General functionality
– Descriptive data mining

– Predictive data mining
• Different views lead to different classifications
– Data view: Kinds of data to be mined

– Knowledge view: Kinds of knowledge to be discovered
– Method view: Kinds of techniques utilized
– Application view: Kinds of applications adapted
Data Mining: On What Kinds of Data?
• Database-oriented data sets and applications

– Relational database, data warehouse, transactional database
• Advanced data sets and advanced applications
– Data streams and sensor data
– Time-series data, temporal data, sequence data (incl. bio-sequences)
– Structure data, graphs, social networks and multi-linked data
– Object-relational databases
– Heterogeneous databases and legacy databases
– Spatial data and spatiotemporal data
– Multimedia database
– Text databases
– The World-Wide Web
Data Mining Functionalities
• Multidimensional concept description: Characterization and discrimination

– Generalize, summarize, and contrast data characteristics, e.g., dry vs.
wet regions
• Frequent patterns, association, correlation vs. causality
– Diaper  Beer [0.5%, 75%] (Correlation or causality?)
• Classification and prediction
– Construct models (functions) that describe and distinguish classes or
concepts for future prediction
• E.g., classify countries based on (climate), or classify cars based on
(gas mileage)
– Predict some unknown or missing numerical values

Data Mining Functionalities (2)
• Cluster analysis
– Class label is unknown: Group data to form new classes, e.g., cluster
houses to find distribution patterns
– Maximizing intra-class similarity & minimizing interclass similarity
• Outlier analysis
– Outlier: Data object that does not comply with the general behavior of the
data
– Noise or exception? Useful in fraud detection, rare events analysis
• Trend and evolution analysis
– Trend and deviation: e.g., regression analysis
– Sequential pattern mining: e.g., digital camera  large SD memory
– Periodicity analysis
– Similarity-based analysis
• Other pattern-directed or statistical analyses
Top-10 Most Popular DM Algorithms:
18 Identified Candidates (I)
• Classification
– #1. C4.5: Quinlan, J. R. C4.5: Programs for Machine Learning. Morgan Kaufmann., 1993.
– #2. CART: L. Breiman, J. Friedman, R. Olshen, and C. Stone. Classification and
Regression Trees. Wadsworth, 1984.
– #3. K Nearest Neighbours (kNN): Hastie, T. and Tibshirani, R. 1996. Discriminant
Adaptive Nearest Neighbor Classification. TPAMI. 18(6)
– #4. Naive Bayes Hand, D.J., Yu, K., 2001. Idiot's Bayes: Not So Stupid After All?
Internat. Statist. Rev. 69, 385-398.
• Statistical Learning
– #5. SVM: Vapnik, V. N. 1995. The Nature of Statistical Learning Theory. Springer-
Verlag.
– #6. EM: McLachlan, G. and Peel, D. (2000). Finite Mixture Models. J. Wiley, New York.
Association Analysis
– #7. Apriori: Rakesh Agrawal and Ramakrishnan Srikant. Fast Algorithms for Mining
Association Rules. In VLDB '94.
– #8. FP-Tree: Han, J., Pei, J., and Yin, Y. 2000. Mining frequent patterns without candidate
generation. In SIGMOD '00.

The 18 Identified Candidates (II)
• Link Mining
– #9. PageRank: Brin, S. and Page, L. 1998. The anatomy of a large-scale
hypertextual Web search engine. In WWW-7, 1998.
– #10. HITS: Kleinberg, J. M. 1998. Authoritative sources in a hyperlinked
environment. SODA, 1998.
• Clustering
– #11. K-Means: MacQueen, J. B., Some methods for classification and
analysis of multivariate observations, in Proc. 5th Berkeley Symp.
Mathematical Statistics and Probability, 1967.
– #12. BIRCH: Zhang, T., Ramakrishnan, R., and Livny, M. 1996. BIRCH: an
efficient data clustering method for very large databases. In SIGMOD '96.
• Bagging and Boosting
– #13. AdaBoost: Freund, Y. and Schapire, R. E. 1997. A decision-theoretic
generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting. J. Comput.
Syst. Sci. 55, 1 (Aug. 1997), 119-139.

The 18 Identified Candidates (III)
• Sequential Patterns
– #14. GSP: Srikant, R. and Agrawal, R. 1996. Mining Sequential Patterns:
Generalizations and Performance Improvements. In Proceedings of the 5th International
Conference on Extending Database Technology, 1996.
– #15. PrefixSpan: J. Pei, J. Han, B. Mortazavi-Asl, H. Pinto, Q. Chen, U. Dayal and M-C.
Hsu. PrefixSpan: Mining Sequential Patterns Efficiently by Prefix-Projected Pattern
Growth. In ICDE '01.
• Integrated Mining
– #16. CBA: Liu, B., Hsu, W. and Ma, Y. M. Integrating classification and association
rule mining. KDD-98.
• Rough Sets
– #17. Finding reduct: Zdzislaw Pawlak, Rough Sets: Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning
about Data, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Norwell, MA, 1992
• Graph Mining
– #18. gSpan: Yan, X. and Han, J. 2002. gSpan: Graph-Based Substructure Pattern
Mining. In ICDM '02.

Top-10 Algorithm Finally Selected at ICDM’06
• #1: C4.5 (61 votes)

• #2: K-Means (60 votes)
• #3: SVM (58 votes)
• #4: Apriori (52 votes)
• #5: EM (48 votes)
• #6: PageRank (46 votes)
• #7: AdaBoost (45 votes)
• #7: kNN (45 votes)
• #7: Naive Bayes (45 votes)
• #10: CART (34 votes)
Major Issues in Data Mining
• Mining methodology
– Mining different kinds of knowledge from diverse data types, e.g., bio, stream, Web
– Performance: efficiency, effectiveness, and scalability
– Pattern evaluation: the interestingness problem
– Incorporation of background knowledge
– Handling noise and incomplete data
– Parallel, distributed and incremental mining methods
– Integration of the discovered knowledge with existing one: knowledge fusion
• User interaction
– Data mining query languages and ad-hoc mining
– Expression and visualization of data mining results
– Interactive mining of knowledge at multiple levels of abstraction
• Applications and social impacts
– Domain-specific data mining & invisible data mining
– Protection of data security, integrity, and privacy

A Brief History of Data Mining Society
• 1989 IJCAI Workshop on Knowledge Discovery in Databases

– Knowledge Discovery in Databases (G. Piatetsky-Shapiro and W. Frawley, 1991)
• 1991-1994 Workshops on Knowledge Discovery in Databases
– Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (U. Fayyad, G. Piatetsky-
Shapiro, P. Smyth, and R. Uthurusamy, 1996)
• 1995-1998 International Conferences on Knowledge Discovery in Databases and Data
Mining (KDD’95-98)
– Journal of Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery (1997)
• ACM SIGKDD conferences since 1998 and SIGKDD Explorations
• More conferences on data mining
– PAKDD (1997), PKDD (1997), SIAM-Data Mining (2001), (IEEE) ICDM
(2001), etc.
• ACM Transactions on KDD starting in 2007
Supplementary Lecture Slides
• Note: The slides following the end of chapter
summary are supplementary slides that could be
useful for supplementary readings or teaching
• These slides may have its corresponding text
contents in the book chapters, but were omitted
due to limited time in author’s own course lecture
• The slides in other chapters have similar
convention and treatment
Why Data Mining?—Potential Applications
• Data analysis and decision support

– Market analysis and management
• Target marketing, customer relationship management (CRM),
market basket analysis, cross selling, market segmentation
– Risk analysis and management
• Forecasting, customer retention, improved underwriting, quality
control, competitive analysis
– Fraud detection and detection of unusual patterns (outliers)
• Other Applications
– Text mining (news group, email, documents) and Web mining
– Stream data mining
– Bioinformatics and bio-data analysis
Ex. 1: Market Analysis and Management
• Where does the data come from?—Credit card transactions, loyalty cards, discount
coupons, customer complaint calls, plus (public) lifestyle studies
• Target marketing
– Find clusters of “model” customers who share the same characteristics: interest, income level,
spending habits, etc.
– Determine customer purchasing patterns over time
• Cross-market analysis—Find associations/co-relations between product sales, & predict
based on such association
• Customer profiling—What types of customers buy what products (clustering or
classification)
• Customer requirement analysis
– Identify the best products for different groups of customers
– Predict what factors will attract new customers
• Provision of summary information
– Multidimensional summary reports
– Statistical summary information (data central tendency and variation)
Ex. 2: Corporate Analysis & Risk Management
• Finance planning and asset evaluation

– cash flow analysis and prediction
– contingent claim analysis to evaluate assets
– cross-sectional and time series analysis (financial-ratio, trend analysis,
etc.)
• Resource planning
– summarize and compare the resources and spending
• Competition
– monitor competitors and market directions
– group customers into classes and a class-based pricing procedure
– set pricing strategy in a highly competitive market
Ex. 3: Fraud Detection & Mining Unusual Patterns
• Approaches: Clustering & model construction for frauds, outlier analysis

• Applications: Health care, retail, credit card service, telecomm.
– Auto insurance: ring of collisions
– Money laundering: suspicious monetary transactions
– Medical insurance
• Professional patients, ring of doctors, and ring of references
• Unnecessary or correlated screening tests
– Telecommunications: phone-call fraud
• Phone call model: destination of the call, duration, time of day or week.
Analyze patterns that deviate from an expected norm
– Retail industry
• Analysts estimate that 38% of retail shrink is due to dishonest employees
– Anti-terrorism

KDD Process: Several Key Steps
• Learning the application domain
– relevant prior knowledge and goals of application
• Creating a target data set: data selection
• Data cleaning and preprocessing: (may take 60% of effort!)
• Data reduction and transformation
– Find useful features, dimensionality/variable reduction, invariant representation
• Choosing functions of data mining
– summarization, classification, regression, association, clustering
• Choosing the mining algorithm(s)
• Data mining: search for patterns of interest
• Pattern evaluation and knowledge presentation
– visualization, transformation, removing redundant patterns, etc.
• Use of discovered knowledge
Are All the “Discovered” Patterns Interesting?
• Data mining may generate thousands of patterns: Not all of them are
interesting
– Suggested approach: Human-centered, query-based, focused mining
• Interestingness measures
– A pattern is interesting if it is easily understood by humans, valid on new or test
data with some degree of certainty, potentially useful, novel, or validates some
hypothesis that a user seeks to confirm
• Objective vs. subjective interestingness measures
– Objective: based on statistics and structures of patterns, e.g., support,
confidence, etc.
– Subjective: based on user’s belief in the data, e.g., unexpectedness, novelty,
actionability, etc.
Find All and Only Interesting Patterns?
• Find all the interesting patterns: Completeness

– Can a data mining system find all the interesting patterns? Do we need to
find all of the interesting patterns?
– Heuristic vs. exhaustive search
– Association vs. classification vs. clustering
• Search for only interesting patterns: An optimization problem
– Can a data mining system find only the interesting patterns?
– Approaches
• First general all the patterns and then filter out the uninteresting ones
• Generate only the interesting patterns—mining query optimization

Other Pattern Mining Issues
• Precise patterns vs. approximate patterns
– Association and correlation mining: possible find sets of precise patterns
• But approximate patterns can be more compact and sufficient
• How to find high quality approximate patterns??
– Gene sequence mining: approximate patterns are inherent
• How to derive efficient approximate pattern mining algorithms??
• Constrained vs. non-constrained patterns
– Why constraint-based mining?
– What are the possible kinds of constraints? How to push constraints into
the mining process?

Why Data Mining Query Language?
• Automated vs. query-driven?

– Finding all the patterns autonomously in a database?—unrealistic
because the patterns could be too many but uninteresting
• Data mining should be an interactive process
– User directs what to be mined
• Users must be provided with a set of primitives to be used to communicate
with the data mining system
• Incorporating these primitives in a data mining query language
– More flexible user interaction
– Foundation for design of graphical user interface
– Standardization of data mining industry and practice

Primitives that Define a Data Mining Task
• Task-relevant data
– Database or data warehouse name
– Database tables or data warehouse cubes
– Condition for data selection
– Relevant attributes or dimensions
– Data grouping criteria
• Type of knowledge to be mined
– Characterization, discrimination, association, classification, prediction,
clustering, outlier analysis, other data mining tasks
• Background knowledge
• Pattern interestingness measurements
• Visualization/presentation of discovered patterns
Primitive 3: Background Knowledge
• A typical kind of background knowledge: Concept hierarchies

• Schema hierarchy
– E.g., street < city < province_or_state < country
• Set-grouping hierarchy
– E.g., {20-39} = young, {40-59} = middle_aged
• Operation-derived hierarchy
– email address: [email protected]
login-name < department < university < country
• Rule-based hierarchy
– low_profit_margin (X) <= price(X, P1) and cost (X, P2) and (P1 - P2) <
$50
Primitive 4: Pattern Interestingness Measure
• Simplicity
e.g., (association) rule length, (decision) tree size
• Certainty
e.g., confidence, P(A|B) = #(A and B)/ #(B), classification reliability or
accuracy, certainty factor, rule strength, rule quality, discriminating
weight, etc.
• Utility
potential usefulness, e.g., support (association), noise threshold
(description)
• Novelty
not previously known, surprising (used to remove redundant rules, e.g.,
Illinois vs. Champaign rule implication support ratio)
Primitive 5: Presentation of Discovered Patterns
• Different backgrounds/usages may require different forms of representation

– E.g., rules, tables, crosstabs, pie/bar chart, etc.
• Concept hierarchy is also important
– Discovered knowledge might be more understandable when represented
at high level of abstraction
– Interactive drill up/down, pivoting, slicing and dicing provide different
perspectives to data
• Different kinds of knowledge require different representation: association,
classification, clustering, etc.

DMQL—A Data Mining Query Language
• Motivation
– A DMQL can provide the ability to support ad-hoc and interactive
data mining
– By providing a standardized language like SQL
• Hope to achieve a similar effect like that SQL has on relational
database
• Foundation for system development and evolution
• Facilitate information exchange, technology transfer,
commercialization and wide acceptance
• Design
– DMQL is designed with the primitives described earlier

An Example Query in DMQL

Other Data Mining Languages &
Standardization Efforts
• Association rule language specifications
– MSQL (Imielinski & Virmani’99)
– MineRule (Meo Psaila and Ceri’96)
– Query flocks based on Datalog syntax (Tsur et al’98)
• OLEDB for DM (Microsoft’2000) and recently DMX (Microsoft SQLServer
2005)
– Based on OLE, OLE DB, OLE DB for OLAP, C#
– Integrating DBMS, data warehouse and data mining
• DMML (Data Mining Mark-up Language) by DMG (www.dmg.org)
– Providing a platform and process structure for effective data mining
– Emphasizing on deploying data mining technology to solve business problems

Integration of Data Mining and Data Warehousing
• Data mining systems, DBMS, Data warehouse systems coupling

– No coupling, loose-coupling, semi-tight-coupling, tight-coupling
• On-line analytical mining data

– integration of mining and OLAP technologies
• Interactive mining multi-level knowledge

– Necessity of mining knowledge and patterns at different levels of
abstraction by drilling/rolling, pivoting, slicing/dicing, etc.
• Integration of multiple mining functions
– Characterized classification, first clustering and then association

Coupling Data Mining with DB/DW Systems
• No coupling—flat file processing, not recommended

• Loose coupling
– Fetching data from DB/DW
• Semi-tight coupling—enhanced DM performance
– Provide efficient implement a few data mining primitives in a DB/DW
system, e.g., sorting, indexing, aggregation, histogram analysis,
multiway join, precomputation of some stat functions
• Tight coupling—A uniform information processing
environment
– DM is smoothly integrated into a DB/DW system, mining query is
optimized based on mining query, indexing, query processing methods,
etc. M. S. Memon CSE Dept.
Architecture: Typical Data Mining System
Graphical User Interface
Pattern Evaluation
Knowl
Data Mining Engine edge-
Base
Database or Data
Warehouse Server
data cleaning, integration, and selection
Data World-Wide Other Info

Database Repositories
Warehouse Web
Summary
• Data mining: Discovering interesting patterns from large amounts of data

• A natural evolution of database technology, in great demand, with wide
applications
• A KDD process includes data cleaning, data integration, data selection,
transformation, data mining, pattern evaluation, and knowledge presentation
• Mining can be performed in a variety of information repositories
• Data mining functionalities: characterization, discrimination, association,
classification, clustering, outlier and trend analysis, etc.
• Data mining systems and architectures
• Major issues in data mining


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Data Warehouse

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

Early File- Database Data OLAP Data Mining

Basic Data for

• Technology to enable data exploration, data

• The Explosive Growth of Data: from terabytes to petabytes

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

• Data mining (knowledge discovery from data)

– Data mining—core of Pattern Evaluation

May 20, 2023

Data Presentation Business

Data Preprocessing/Integration, Data Warehouses

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

– Descriptive data mining

– Data view: Kinds of data to be mined

• Database-oriented data sets and applications

• Multidimensional concept description: Characterization and discrimination

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

• #1: C4.5 (61 votes)

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

• 1989 IJCAI Workshop on Knowledge Discovery in Databases

• Data analysis and decision support

• Finance planning and asset evaluation

• Approaches: Clustering & model construction for frauds, outlier analysis

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

• Find all the interesting patterns: Completeness

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

• Automated vs. query-driven?

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

• A typical kind of background knowledge: Concept hierarchies

• Different backgrounds/usages may require different forms of representation

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

• Data mining systems, DBMS, Data warehouse systems coupling

• On-line analytical mining data

• Interactive mining multi-level knowledge

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

• No coupling—flat file processing, not recommended

Graphical User Interface

data cleaning, integration, and selection

Data World-Wide Other Info

• Data mining: Discovering interesting patterns from large amounts of data

M. S. Memon CSE Dept.

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