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Applied Physics Week 1.1

This document outlines key concepts in applied physics, including: 1) Understanding measurement units and the SI system of fundamental and derived units. 2) Using scientific notation to conveniently represent very large and small numbers. 3) Converting between scientific notation and regular decimal numbers by moving the decimal place. 4) Tables listing important electrical and magnetic quantities, units, and symbols.

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Muhammad Usman
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38 views32 pages

Applied Physics Week 1.1

This document outlines key concepts in applied physics, including: 1) Understanding measurement units and the SI system of fundamental and derived units. 2) Using scientific notation to conveniently represent very large and small numbers. 3) Converting between scientific notation and regular decimal numbers by moving the decimal place. 4) Tables listing important electrical and magnetic quantities, units, and symbols.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Usman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Applied Physics

Department Of Computer Science


Chapter 1

Quantities and Units


APPLIED PHYSICS
OUTLINE
Understanding of unit systems
APPLIED PHYSICS
OUTLINE
Understanding of and designing of
electric circuits
APPLIED PHYSICS
OUTLINE
Understanding of and implementation of
theorems
APPLIED PHYSICS
OUTLINE
Understanding of Semiconductors and
its Types
APPLIED PHYSICS
OUTLINE
Understanding of PN Junctions
APPLIED PHYSICS
OUTLINE
Implementation of Logic Gates using PN
Junctions
Introduction
You must be familiar with the units used in
electronics and know how to express electrical
quantities in various ways using metric prefixes.
Scientific notation and engineering notations
are indispensable tools whether you use a
computer, a calculator, or do computations the
old fashioned way.
UNITS OF
MEASUREMENT
• In the 19th century, the principal weight and
measurement units dealt with commerce. As
technology advanced, scientists and engineers saw
the need for international standard measurement
units.
• In 1875, at a conference called by the Prench,
representatives from eighteen nations signed a
treaty that established international standards.
UNITS OF
MEASUREMENT
Le Systeme International d’Unites,
abbreviated SI*
Based on seven fundamental units
(sometimes called base units)
Fundamentals and
Derived Units
The SI system is based on seven fundamental units
(sometimes called base units) and two supplementary
units. All measurements can be expressed as some
combination of fundamental and supplementary units.
Table 1 lists the fundamental units and Table 2 lists the
supplementary units.
13
UNITS OF
MEASUREMENT
Supplementary units (Derived Units)
use various combinations of
fundamental units in their
definitions.
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Letter symbols are used to represent both quantities and their units. One
symbol is used to represent the name of the quantity, and another symbol is
used to represent the unit of measurement of that quantity. For example. P
stands for power and W stands for watt, which is the unit of power.
Another example is voltage. In this case, the same letter stands for both the
quantity and its unit. Italic V represents voltage and nonitalic V represents
the volt, which is the unit of voltage. As a rule, italic letters stand for the
quantity and nonitalic letters represent the unit of that quantity.

Table 3 lists the most important electrical quantities. along with their
derived SI Units and symbols. Table 4 lists magnetic quantities along with
their derived SI units and symbols.
15
16
17
Review
1.How does a fundamental
unit differ from a derived unit?
Review
2.What is the fundamental
electrical unit?
3.What does SI stand for?
Review
4. Without referring to Table 3, list as many
electrical quantities as possible, including
their symbols, units, and unit symbols?
5. Without refen1ng to Table 4, list as many
magnetic quantities as possible, including
their symbols, units, and unit symbols?
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
• Electrical and electronics fields, you will
encounter both very small and very large
quantities.
• For example. it is common to have electrical
current values of only a few thousandths or
even a few millionths of an ampere and to
have resistance values ranging up to several
thousand or several million ohms.
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
• A convenient method to represent large
and small numbers and to perform
calculations involving such numbers.
• In scientific notation, a quantity is
expressed as a product of a number
between I and 10 and a power of ten.
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
For example, The quantity 150,000 is
expressed in scientific notation as 1.5X105,
and the quantity 0.00022 is expressed as
2.2X10-4.
Powers of Ten
Table 5 lists some powers of ten, both positive and
negative, and the corresponding decimal numbers. The
power of ten is expressed as an exponent of the base 10
in each case (10x).
An exponent is a number to which a base number is
raised. If indicates the number of places that the decimal
point is moved to the right or left to produce the decimal
number. For a positive power often, move the decimal
point to the right to get the equivalent decimal number.
Powers of Ten
For example, for an exponent of 4,
104=1X104=1.0000.=10,000
Powers of Ten
For a negative power of ten, move the
decimal point to the left to get the
equivalent decimal number.
Powers of Ten
For example, for an exponent of -4
10-4=1X10-4 =.0001.=0.0001
28
Review
1. Express each number in scientific
notation.
(a)200 (b)85,000 (c)3,000,000
(d)5,000 (e)0.2 (f)0.005
(g)0.00063 (h)0.000015
Solution
1. Express each number in scientific notation.
(a)200 =2X102
(b)85,000 =8.5X104
(e)0.2 =2X10-1
(f)0.005 =5X10-3
(g)0.00063 =6.3X10-4
(h)0.000015 =1.5X10-5
Review
1. Express each of the following as a
regular decimal number:
(a) 1X105
(b) 2X103
(c) 3.2X10-3
(d) 2.50X10-6
Solution
1. Express each of the following as a
regular decimal number:
(a) 1X105 =100,000
(b) 2X103 =2,000
(c) 3.2X10-2 =0.032
(d) 2.5X10-6 =0.0000025

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