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Let us
Pray.
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Sampling
Technique
Unit 4 – Lesson 1
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Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:

 Illustrates random sampling.

 Distinguishes between parameter and statistics.

 Identifies sampling distributions of statistics (sample mean).

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What is Random Sampling?

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What Is Random Sampling?

A simple random sampling or random sampling is

a selection of 𝑛 elements derived from a
population 𝑁, which is the subject of the
investigation or experiment, where each sample
point has an equal chance of being selected using
the appropriate sampling technique.
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What Is Random Sampling?

A population refers to the entire group that is under study

or investigation or group where members have something
in common, that is, the total set of observations that can be
made.

A sample is a subset taken from a population, either by

random or nonrandom sampling techniques.
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Types of Random Sampling

Techniques
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Types of Random Sampling Techniques

 Lottery sampling (Simple random sampling)
A sampling technique where every member of the
population has an equal chance of being selected. The
procedure is carried out by randomly picking numbers, with
each number corresponds to each member of the population.

Example.

the names of 25 employees being chosen out of a hat from a

company of 250 employees.
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Types of Random Sampling Techniques

Systematic sampling
A sampling technique in which members of the population are
ordered in some way such as alphabetically or numerically and
samples are selected in intervals called sample intervals. In this
technique, a starting point is randomly selected from the first 𝑘
positions, and then, every 𝑘th number, is selected from the sample.
Since 𝑘 is the ratio of the population size to sample size, to find 𝑘 use
the formula:
𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝐾=
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
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Types of Random Sampling Techniques

𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
Systematic sampling 𝐾=
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒
Example.
A Science teacher decides to select a sample of 10
students from her large lecture class containing 300
students to be part of an experiment using the systematic
sampling procedure. If each student has an assigned
number from 1 to 300 and she randomly selects 3 as her
starting point, identify the students selected for the
experiment.
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Types of Random Sampling Techniques

Systematic sampling
Step 1: Identify the value of 𝑘.

𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 300
𝐾= = =30
𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 10
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Systematic sampling
Step 2: Since 𝑘 = 30 and the starting point given is 3,
the sample of selected students are:
1st student: 3rd 6th student: 123 + 30 = 153rd
2nd student: 3 + 30 = 33rd 7th student: 153 + 30 = 183rd
3rd student: 33 + 30 = 63rd 8th student: 183 + 30 = 213rd
4th student: 63 + 30 = 93rd 9th student: 213 + 30 = 243rd
5th student: 93 + 30 = 123rd 10th student: 243 + 30 = 273rd
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Types of Random Sampling Techniques

Cluster sampling
It is sometimes called area sampling, the population is
divided into groups or clusters, usually based upon geographic
location, and these clusters contain data values which are
heterogenous. A simple random sample of clusters is selected
to represent the population. Ideally, the clusters should be
similar and be a representative small-scale version of the
overall population.
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Types of Random Sampling Techniques

Stratified random sampling

A sampling procedure wherein the members of the population are
grouped based on their homogeneity. This technique is used when there
are several distinct subgroups in the population, within each of which is
required that there is full representation. The sample is constructed by
classifying the population into subpopulations or strata, based on some
characteristics of the population such as age, gender, or socio-economic
status. The selection of elements is then made separately from within
each stratum, usually by random or systematic sampling methods.
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Types of Random Sampling Techniques

Stratified random sampling

Example.
Using stratified random sampling, select a sample of 150 students
from the population which are grouped according to the strand they
come from. The table below shows the number of students in class
Strand Population (N)
STEM 230
ABM 115
HUMSS 55
Total 400
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Types of Random Sampling Techniques

 Multi-stage sampling
It is done using a combination of different sampling
techniques.
Example.
When selecting respondents for a national election
survey, lottery method may be used to select regions and
cities. Then, utilize stratified sampling to determine the
number of respondents from the chosen areas and
clusters.
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Types of Random Sampling Techniques

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Nonrandom Sampling
Techniques
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Nonrandom Sampling Techniques

is used when the sample is not a proportion of the
population and when there is no system in selecting a
sample. This is often used by the researchers to elicit
and gather quick responses for questions which do
not require confidentiality. The researcher states
prejudice in the choice of the sample giving the
members of the population unequal chances to be
selected.
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Types of Nonrandom
Sampling Techniques
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Types of Nonrandom Sampling Techniques

Quota sampling
The researcher limits the number of his samples based on
the required number of the subject under investigation. The
population is first segmented into mutually exclusive
subgroups, then judgement used to select subjects or units
from each segment is based on the specified proportion.

For example, an interviewer may be told to sample 200

females and 300 males between age 45 and 60.
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Types of Nonrandom Sampling Techniques

 Convenience sampling
The researcher conducts a study at his convenient
time, preferred place, or venue. It is the most
convenient and fastest sampling technique that
make use of telephone, mobile phones, or the
internet. It simply uses results that are readily
available.
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Types of Nonrandom Sampling Techniques

 Purposive sampling
It is used in very small sample sizes. Choosing samples is
based on a certain criteria and rules laid down by the
researcher.
For example, this can be used if the sample of the study are
deans of universities or area managers of certain
institutions. Since the different random sampling
techniques were presented, the next thing to be determined
is the sample size.
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How can we determine the sample size of our

Population?
The sample size 𝑛 is determined by the formula

where:
𝑁 is the population size; and
𝑒 is the margin of error1 .
This formula is known as Slovin’s Formula.
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Illustrative Example

A researcher wants to study the academic performance in

Mathematics of students in a certain school. The school has
a population of 12 000 students. If the researcher allows a
margin of error of 5%, how many students must he include
in his sample?
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Types of Nonrandom Sampling Techniques

 Purposive sampling
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Activity 1 – Let’s Sample! Direction: Determine if the following situations use random or
nonrandom sampling. Then, identify what type of random or nonrandom sampling technique
was used. Sample Answer: Random - Stratified
___________________________1. Every tenth person boarding a plane is searched thoroughly.
___________________________2. There are 30 freshmen, 20 sophomores, 10 juniors, and 5 seniors enrolled in
a certain course. Samples are to be taken from their total number of students per year level.
___________________________3. Minority group of senators are to be interviewed.
___________________________4. Every five files out of 500 files will be chosen.
___________________________5. Animals going astray are to be observed.
___________________________6. Two thousand respondents nationwide, from regions down to Barangays
are selected for national election survey.
___________________________7. Five hundred “likes” in Facebook are used as basis for making A decision.
___________________________8. Selected respondents for a study are those with Acquired Immune
Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
___________________________9. Ten names of students were picked out from a box containing 1000 names
written in rolled paper.
___________________________10. Respondents are chosen from a list in the telephone directory. Every 11th
name was picked.