IDENTIFYING THE INQUIRY

AND STATING THE

PROBLEM
LESSON 7:
HYPOTHESES
HYPOTHESI
Sanswer to a question about
🞇Is a tentative explanation or

variables, relationships and

other facts involved in the
research.
🞇It is a proposed explanation
that has sufficient amount of
basis but lacks evidence.
🞇
 Purposes of
1. Hypothesis
They guide you on which aspect of the research
to
focus to on.
2.They provide opportunities to prove the
relationship between variables.
3. They give the right direction of the
research.
4.They outline your thoughts on your manner of
summarizing the results and of explaining the
conclusions.
5.They push for an empirical study to prove the
existence of relationship of variables and the
effects of independent variable on the dependent
HYPOTHESI
S
vs.
RESEARCH
QUESTION
CATEGORIES OF
HYPOTHESIS
🞇NULL HYPOTHESIS (Ho)
🞇ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS (Hi)
 Null Hypothesis
• There is no difference between
the independent and dependent
variables.
• This predicts that there is no
significant difference between
specified populations, any
observed difference being due to
sampling or experimental error.
1. Cats show no preference for food based on shape.
2. Plant growth is not affected by light color.
3. Age has no effect on musical ability
 Alternative Hypothesis
• It is one in which a difference
between two or more variables
is anticipated by the researcher.
•  It states the existence of
relationship between two or
more variables
Some alternative hypotheses may be:
 there is difference in lava viscosity
between Hawaiian and Cascades
volcanoes
 there is relation between a volcanic
islands’ height and its age
 there is connection between the time since
subaerial exposure of sediment and the
height of the hills it forms”
Null Hypotheses Alternative Hypotheses (Hi)
(Ho)

“There is
NO “There is a
relationshi relationship
p between between the
the variables”
variables”
Approve or
disprove
A researcher is studying the effects of radical exercise
program on knee surgery patients.
Null Hypotheses Alternative Hypotheses (Hi)
(Ho)

“There is NO “There is a
significant significant
relationship relationship
between radical between radical
exercise to the exercise to the
WHAT
knee surgery DOES IT MEAN?
knee surgery
Effects of Bio-Fertilizer “X” on Plant Growth
Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis (Hi)
(Ho)

“There is NO “There is a
significant significant
relationship relationship
between Bio- between Bio-
Fertilizer and Fertilizer and
WHAT DOES IT MEAN?
Plant Growth Plant Growth
 Null Hypothesis Alternative Hypothesis (Hi)
(Ho)

1. Years of Employment and Salary Rate of

Employees in a BPO Company
2. Connecting Age and Gender to students’
ability to solve Math Problems
3. Effectiveness of Film Showing in Teaching
History
4. Attitudes towards online banking between
Millennial adults and older people
OTHER CATEGORIES OF
HYPOTHESIS (Bradford,2015)
1. Simple Hypothesis – predicts the
relationship between the dependent and
independent variables.
2. Complex Hypothesis – examines the
relationship between two or more
dependent variables and two or more
independent variables.
3. Empirical Hypothesis –tests a belief or an
assumption through experimentation
and observation.
OTHER CATEGORIES OF
HYPOTHESIS (Bradford,2015)
4. Logical Hypothesis – explains something
with insufficient evidence, which paves
the way into the empirical hypothesis.
5. Statistical Hypothesis – examines every
individual composing a population to
prove whether or not the hypothesis is
true.
TYPES OF
HYPOTHESIS
1. Theory-driven vs. Data-
driven hypotheses
Theory-driven explains the
relationship of variables and the
effects of one variable on the
other variables

Data-driven based on the

findings of previous research
studies
 TYPES OF
2.HYPOTHESIS
Directional vs. Non-
directional hypotheses
Directional (one-tailed) states
the relationship of 2
variables

Non-directional (two-tailed) states

the relationship of variables but
not on the direction of
relationship
TYPES OF
HYPOTHESIS
3. Descriptive vs. Casual Hypotheses
Descriptive specifying the
relationship between 2 variables
due to the influence of
something

Casual is due to cause-

effect relationship
Guidelines in Formulating
Hypotheses
🞇 Express your hypotheses in a
declarative sentence.
🞇 Support your hypotheses with ideas
based on theories, known facts,
previous studies, or your own
experience and wisdom.
🞇 Establish a logical relationship between
the hypotheses and the research
problem.
Guidelines in Formulating
Hypotheses
🞇 Have your hypotheses predict the
nature of relationship between or
among variables
🞇 Ascertain the possibility of having
some means of testing, analyzing,
and investigating your
hypotheses.
🞇 Avoid wordiness by using clear,
exact, or specific language in
stating the hypotheses.
HYPOTHESIS
• The researchers have these following
assumptions with regards to their
research problem:
• There is an assumption that there is a high
assessment of the c ompetencies of the
ground attendants in Clark International
Airport and these c ompetencies
commensurate the salary difference of
different airlines in CIA.
• There is an assumption that there is an
average assessment of the c ompetencies of
the ground attendants in Clark International
Airport which needs to be improved and
these competencies commensurate the
salary difference of different airlines in CIA
ASSIGNMEN
T
• DEFINITION OF TERMS

A. TERMINOLOGIES
B. ACRONYMS

• PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

• REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE
5 FOREIGN LIT.
5 LOCAL LIT.
 HAVE
A
GREAT
DAY!!!