HERMENUETICAL

PHENOMENOLOGY
Group 1 Presentation
 Activity 1:
VISUAL
INTERPRETATION
YOGA ACTIVITY
Guide questions:
1. What do you feel when you close
your eyes and concentrate in doing
the activity?
2. What came into your mind when
you were performing the yoga
activity?
3. Do you think yoga is helpful in
relaxing your mind? Why? Why not?
 Hermeneutics is the theory and
methodology of interpretation, especially
the interpretation of biblical texts, wisdom
literature, and philosophical texts.
Hermeneutics is more than interpretive
principles or methods that also includes
the art of understanding and
communication.
The primary need of Hermeneutics is to
determine and understand the meaning of
Biblical text. The purpose of Hermeneutics
is to bridge the gap between our minds and
the minds of the Biblical writers through a
thorough knowledge of the original
languages, ancient history and the
comparison of Scripture with Scripture.
History of biblical interpretation,
four major types of hermeneutics
have emerged:
Literal
Moral
Allegorical
Anagogical
1. Hermeneutics Literal interpretation
asserts that a biblical text is to be
interpreted according to the ―plain
meaning conveyed by its grammatical
construction and historical context.
The literal meaning is held to
correspond to the intention of the
authors.
2.Hermeneutics Moral
which seeks to establish
exegetical principles by
which ethical lessons may
be drawn from the various
parts of the Bible.
3.Allegorical Hermeneutics - a third
type of hermeneutics, interprets
the biblical narratives as having a
second level of reference beyond
those persons, things, and events
explicitly mentioned in the text.
4. Interpretation Hermeneutics.
This mode of interpretation seeks
to explain biblical events as they
relate to or prefigure the life to
come.
PHENOMENOLOGY (from Greek
phainómenon ―that which appears ― and
lógos ―study―) is the philosophical study
of the structures of experience and
consciousness. As a
philosophical movement it was founded in
the early years of the 20th century by
Edmund Husserl and was later expanded
upon by a circle of his followers at the
universities of Göttingen and Munich in
Germany.
Phenomenology is the study of
―phenomena ―: appearances
of things, or things as they appear in
our experience, or the ways we
experience things, thus the
meanings things have in our
experience.
Phenomenology, as a method has four
characteristics, namely:
descriptive, reduction, essence and
intentionality to investigate as it happens.
Observations ensure that the form of the
description are the things themselves. We
can use the historical perspective to clarify
the earlier statement that there are
several types of phenomenology.
HERMENUETICS
PHILOSOPHERS
Martin Heidegger
1. MARTIN HEIDEGGER was a German
philosopher and a seminal thinker in the
Continental tradition of philosophy. He is best
known for contributions to phenomenology,
hermeneutics, and existentialism. In Being and
Time (1927), Heidegger addresses the meaning
of ―being‖ by considering the question, ―what
is common to all entities that makes them
entities?
―Heidegger approaches this question through
an analysis of Dasein, his term for the specific
type of being that humans possess, and which
he associates closely with his concept of
―being-in-the-world (In-der-Welt-sein).This
conception of the human is in contrast with
that of Rationalist thinkers like René Descartes,
who had understood human existence most
basically as thinking, as in Cogito ergo sum (―I
think therefore I am).
Heidegger's later work includes criticism
of the view, common in the Western
tradition, that all of nature is a
―standing reserve ― on call for human
purposes. Heidegger was a member and
supporter of the Nazi Party. There is
controversy as to the relationship
between his philosophy and his Nazism.
Paul Nicolai Hartmann
Paul Nicolai Hartmann was a Baltic
German philosopher. He is regarded as a
key representative of critical realism and
as one of the most important twentieth
century metaphysicians. Hartmann's
ontological theory, the levels of reality are:
(1) the inorganic level
(2) the organic level
(3) the psychical/emotional and
(4) the intellectual/cultural level
Hartmann postulates four laws that apply to
the levels of reality, namely:
 The law of recurrence: Lower categories
recur in the higher levels as a subaspect of
higher categories, but never vice versa.
 The law of modification: The categorial
elements modify in their recurrence in the
higher levels (they are shaped by the
characteristics of the higher levels)
  The law of the novum: The higher
category is composed of a diversity of
lower elements, but it is a specific novum
that is not included in the lower levels.
 The law of distance between levels:
Since the different levels do not develop
continuously but in leaps, they can be
clearly distinguished.
The central concept of Hartmann's ethical
theory is that of a value. Hartmann's 1926
book, Ethik, elaborates a material ethics of
value according to which moral knowledge
is achieved through phenomenological
investigation into our experiences
of values.
Gabriel Honoré Marcel
Gabriel Honoré Marcel (1889–1973) was
a French philosopher, playwright, music
critic and leading Christian existentialist.
The author of over a dozen books and at
least thirty plays, Marcel's work focused
on the modern individual's struggle in a
technologically dehumanizing
society.
Though often regarded as the first
French existentialist, he dissociated
himself from figures such as Jean-Paul
Sartre, preferring the term philosophy
of existence or neo-Socrateanism to
define his own thought. The Mystery of
Being is a well-known two-volume work
authored by Marcel.
He is often classified as one of the
earliest existentialists, although he
dreaded being placed in the same
category as Jean-Paul Sartre; Marcel
came toprefer the label neo-Socratic
(possibly because of Søren Kierkegaard,
the father of Christian existentialism,
who was a neo-Socratic thinker himself).
While Marcel recognized that
human interaction often involved
objective characterization of ―the
other, he still asserted the
possibility of ―communion – a state
where both individuals can perceive
each other's subjectivity
Two main
approaches to
Phenomenology
1. Descriptive Phenomenology is
widely used in social science research as
a method to explore and describe the
lived experience of individuals. It is a
philosophy and a scientific method and
has undertaken many variations as it
has.
2. Interpretative Phenomenology is
an approach to psychological
qualitative research with an
idiographic focus, which means that
it aims to offer insights
into how a given person, in a given
context, makes sense of a given
phenomenon.
Types of
Phenomenology
1. Transcendental Constitutive
Phenomenology studies how objects are
constituted in transcendental consciousness,
setting aside questions of any relation to the
natural world.
2. Naturalistic Constitutive Phenomenology
(see naturalism) studies how consciousness
constitutes things in the world of nature,
assuming with the naturalattitude that
consciousness is part of nature.
3. Generative Historicist Phenomenology studies
how meaning—as found in our
experience—is generated in historical processes of
collective experience over
time.
4. Genetic Phenomenology studies the
emergence/genesis of meanings of things
within one's own stream of experience.
5. Hermeneutical Phenomenology studies
interpretive structures of experience.
This approach was introduced in Martin Heidegger's
early work
Hermeneutical phenomenology is a
philosophy of and a method for
interpreting human experiences as a
means to understand the question of what
it is to be human. This philosophy was
developed by Martin Heidegger (1889–
1976) as a continuation and divergence
from phenomenology, the philosophy
developed by his mentor and colleague,
Edmund Husserl.
Hermeneutical phenomenology is
sometimes referred to as interpretative
phenomenology. While the
phenomenology developed by Husserl
is sometimes referred to as descriptive
phenomenology or pure
phenomenology. This is an inquiry on
how the human mind can grasp the true
nature of things as experienced in the
world.
The phenomenology perspective tells us to
remove our preconceived ideas in
order to arrive at a pure description of our
experiences. On the other hand, it
similarly seeks the truth in things as
experienced in the world. However, it
attempts to see the truth in things as a
means to understand what it is to be human.
Humans are born in a particular historical
period, country, community and background.
THANK YOU
AND GOD
BLESS