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Smart Dust: K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser (UCB) S. Morris (MLB)

This document discusses the goals and progress of the Smart Dust project. It aims to create autonomous sensor nodes just 1 mm3 in size that could be delivered by micro air vehicles (MAVs) or scattered like seeds. Initial prototypes used off-the-shelf components to demonstrate networking and algorithms using sensor nodes just a few cubic centimeters in size. Later work focused on integrating more capabilities into smaller volumes, including solar cells, combustion power sources, scanning lasers, and imaging receivers. The ultimate goal is to develop fully autonomous smart dust motes just 1 mm3 in size that could form large-scale wireless sensor networks.

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56 views21 pages

Smart Dust: K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser (UCB) S. Morris (MLB)

This document discusses the goals and progress of the Smart Dust project. It aims to create autonomous sensor nodes just 1 mm3 in size that could be delivered by micro air vehicles (MAVs) or scattered like seeds. Initial prototypes used off-the-shelf components to demonstrate networking and algorithms using sensor nodes just a few cubic centimeters in size. Later work focused on integrating more capabilities into smaller volumes, including solar cells, combustion power sources, scanning lasers, and imaging receivers. The ultimate goal is to develop fully autonomous smart dust motes just 1 mm3 in size that could form large-scale wireless sensor networks.

Uploaded by

Anonymous WplpBJlF2k
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DARPA

MTO MEMS

SMART DUST
K. Pister, J. Kahn, B. Boser (UCB) S. Morris (MLB)
http://eecs.berkeley.edu/~pister/SmartDust http://spyplanes.com
SMART DUST

Goals

Autonomous sensor node (mote) in 1 mm3 MAV delivery Thousands of motes Many interrogators

Demonstrate useful/complex integration in


1 mm3

SMART DUST

COTS Dust
GOALS: Create a network of sensors Explore system design issues Provide a platform to test Dust components Use off the shelf components

SMART DUST

COTS Dust - RF Motes


Atmel Microprocessor RF Monolithics transceiver 916MHz, ~20m range, 4800 bps 1 week fully active, 2 yr @1%
N W S E

2 Axis Magnetic Sensor 2 Axis Accelerometer Light Intensity Sensor

Humidity Sensor
Pressure Sensor

Temperature Sensor

SMART DUST

COTS Dust - Distributed Algorithms


1, $100 Sensor nodes are easy algorithms?

-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5

SMART DUST
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

COTS Dust - Optical Motes

Laser mote 650nm laser pointer 2 day life full duty

CCR mote 4 corner cubes 40% hemisphere


SMART DUST

CCR Interogator
Top View of the Interrogator Filter Polarizing Beamsplitter Quarter-wave Plate

CCD Camera

Lens 0.25% reflectance on each surface

Frequency-Doubled YAG Green Laser

Beam
Expander 45o mirror

SMART DUST

Video Semaphore Decoding

Diverged beam @ 300m Shadow or full sunlight

San Francisco (Coit Tower) to Berkeley (Cory Hall)

SMART DUST

1 Mbps CMOS imaging receiver


Put an asynchronous receiver

at every pixel

Photosensor

CRC Check SIPO Shift Local Bus Driver Register

Signal Processing A/D Conversion Off Chip Bus Driver

0.25 um CMOS in fab

Funded by DARPA/MTO/STAB
Pixel Array

SMART DUST

Micro Mote - First Attempt


300 um

SMART DUST

2D beam scanning
AR coated dome lens laser CMOS ASIC Steering Mirror

SMART DUST

6-bit DAC Driving Scanning Mirror

Normalized beam position

0.8

0.6

Open loop control Insensitive to disturbance Potentially low power

0.4

0.2

10

20 30 Time (seconds)

40

SMART DUST

~8mm3 laser scanner


Two 4-bit mechanical DACs control mirror scan angles.
~6 degrees azimuth, 3 elevation

SMART DUST

Power and Energy

Sources Storage
Solar cells Combustion/Thermopiles Batteries ~1 J/mm3 Capacitors ~1 mJ/mm3 Digital control: nJ/instruction Analog circuitry: nJ/sample Communication: nJ/bit

Usage

SMART DUST

Combustion

Solid rocket propellant integrated igniter thermoelectric generator

SMART DUST

Dust Delivery

Silicon maple seeds Silicon dandelions


8.E-06 6.E-06 4.E-06
Current (A) and Power (W)

SOI Solar Cell Performance

2.E-06 Current Power 0.E+00 -0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

-2.E-06

-4.E-06

-6.E-06 Voltage (V)

SMART DUST

MAV Delivery
Built by MLB Co.

60 mph 18 min 1 mi comm


SMART DUST

24 Bat
40 mph top speed 30 minute loiter autopilot: pressure sensor, gyros, XLs 2 planes, 1 ground station, in 1 suitcase

spyplanes.com
SMART DUST

Marine LOE 4
3 MAVs participated, 1 flew 7 sorties on station in minutes

SMART DUST

Goal for 01

SMART DUST

Virtual Keyboard

SMART DUST

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