JAVA APPLETS

Dhyaneswaran J
AP - IT
Applet Introduction
• Applets are small applications accessed on an Internet server
• run as part of a Web document
• Applets have a user interface and different program structure
Example

import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
public class SimpleApplet extends Applet {
public void paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString("A Simple Applet", 20, 20);
}
}
Apple Creation
• It needs two packages java.awt.*,java.applet.* imported
• awt provides Window or Graphical based UI’s
• applet package consists of Applet class (inheritance)
• Applet classes are declared as public
• paint( ) method invoked to create or redraw applet on screen
• Provided by AWT and is overridden in applets
• Graphics context is used as a parameter in paint method

• void drawString(String message, int x, int y)

• Draw string at specified location x,y
• Method is defined in Graphics class
• Execution of Applet differs from normal JAVA program
Apple - Execution
• Applet program compilation is similar to JAVA program
• Uses javac to compile code to create class file

• Running an Applet can be of two ways

• applet execution through Web Browser
• Applet execution through applet viewer provided in JAVA SDK

• Key Points
• Applets do not need a main( ) method
• Applets use interface provided by AWT classes
Applet – HTML
• Creation of Applet Tag in a HTML file
<applet code="SimpleApplet" width=200 height=60>
</applet>
• Run HTML file created using Web browser
• Use appletviewer command along with HTML file to run applet
C:\>appletviewer RunApp.html
Faster way
• Applet creation by adding Applet tag in comment line of our JAVA
program
• Run using appletviewer
Applet - Architecture
• Applet Architecture is event driven
• AWT notifies Applet about an event via event handlers
• Event Handlers are provided by Applets
• Applet makes quick response and returns control to AWT
• Applet Life Cycle contains four methods
• init( )
• start( )
• stop( )
• destroy()

Methods are defined by Applet class

• paint( )

Method defined by AWT Component class

Applet Display methods
• Applet uses AWT to perform Input and Output operations
• Few methods provided by Component class are
setBackground(Color.green);
setForeground(Color.red);

• Obtain current setting of color by using

Color getBackground( )
Color getForeground( )

to displaying information in its window

showStatus("This is shown in the status window.");
Applet repaint( )
• Applet updates window when paint( ) method is invoked
• paint( ) method is provided by AWT
• In order to repaint already created window following forms of
repaint( ) method can be used
• void repaint( )
• void repaint(int left, int top, int width, int height)
• void repaint(long maxDelay)
• void repaint(long maxDelay, int x, int y, int width, int height)
Japplet - Introduction
• JApplet belongs to the package javax.swing.*

• JApplet class extends the Applet class

• All the variables & member methods of Applet class are inherited
into JApplet class
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class AppletEx extends JApplet implements ActionListener {
JButton b;
JTextField tf;
JLabel jl, jl1;
public void init() {
jl = new JLabel("Enter Text");
jl.setBounds(30, 10, 100, 100);
tf = new JTextField();
tf.setBounds(30, 100, 150, 20);
b = new JButton("Click");
b.setBounds(80, 150, 70, 40);
jl1 = new JLabel("");
jl1.setBounds(100, 180, 100, 100);
add(b);add(tf);
add(jl);add(jl1);
b.addActionListener(this);
setLayout(null);
setSize(300,300);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
jl1.setText(tf.getText());
}
}
AWT Classes
• AWT classes are available in java.awt.* package
• Classes are arranged in Hierarchical order and easy to understand its
purpose
• AWT classes defines windows functionality at each level
• Two most common classes are
• Panel – used by applets
• Frame – Standard window
• Component is abstract class and top level class in AWT hierarchy
• All attributes are visual components displayed on screen
• Component class maintains methods for managing events of mouse
and keyboard
• Component class remembers foreground, background and current
text font
SWING Vs. AWT

Java AWT Java Swing

• AWT components are platform- • Java swing components are platform-
dependent. independent.

• AWT components are heavyweight. • Swing components are lightweight.

• AWT doesn't support pluggable look and • Swing supports pluggable look and feel.
feel.

• AWT provides less components than • Swing provides more powerful

Swing. components such as tables, lists,
scrollpanes, colorchooser, tabbedpane
etc.

• AWT doesn't follows MVC(Model View • Swing follows MVC.

Controller) where model represents data,
view represents presentation and
controller acts as an interface between
model and view.
AWT Classes Hierarchy
Container Class
• Container is a sub class of Component class
• Container class are responsible for positioning or laying out of any
components
Panel Class
• Panel subclass of Container class and superclass of Applet
• Panel class is a window without titlebar, menubar and border
• appletviewer provides titlebar and border
• add() method used to add components (inherited from Container)
• setLocation(),setSize(), setBounds() methods defined by Component
are inherited into Panel class
Window
• Window class creates a top level of window
• Its objects are not created directly
• Instead subclass of Window called Frame creates objects
Frame Class
• subclass of Window class
• Has title bar, menu bar, borders and resizing corners
• Frame window is created as normal program window
• Frame class contains two constructors
Frame( ) – window without title
Frame(String title)
• Methods of Frame class are
void setSize(int newWidth, int newHeight)
void setSize(Dimension newSize)
Dimension getSize( )
void setVisible(boolean visibleFlag)
void setTitle(String newTitle)