Approaches

UNIT IV
Community health nursing approaches, concepts and roles

and responsibilities of nursing personnel
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

APPROACHES (a way of dealing with a situation
or problem)
MR.IRANNA A. KAJAGAR
HOD / ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
P P SAVANI SCHOOL OF NURSING
APPROACHES
Community health nurse uses different approaches in

order to promote the health of the individual , family
and community.
APPROACHES
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPROACH
PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH
EVIDENCE BASED APPROACH

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL APPROACH
According to John Last 1983, Epidemiology is
defined as the study of the distribution and
determinants of health-related states and events
in a specified population and the application of
the study to control health problems.
AIMS
To describe the distribution and magnitude of health
and disease.
To identify etiological factors.
To provide data essential to the planning,
implementation and evaluation of service for the
prevention, control, and treatment of disease and to
the setting up of priorities among those services.
The epidemiological approach to problems of health and
disease is based on two major foundations.
Asking questions
Making comparison

Asking questions:
Epidemiology has been defined as a means of

learning or asking questions and getting answers that
lead to further questions for e.g. the following
questions could be asked
1)Related to health events
What is the event?
What is its magnitude?(size or extent of something)
Where did it happen?
When did it happen?
Who are affected?
Why did it happen?
2)Related to health action
What can be done to reduce this problem and its
consequences?
How can it be prevented in the future?
What action should be taken by the community?
What resources are required?
What difficulties may arise, and how might they be
overcome?
Answer to the above questions may provide clues to
disease etiology, and help the epidemiologist to guide
planning and evaluation.
Making comparison:

The basic approach in epidemiology is to make
comparisons and draw inferences. This may be
comparison of two or more groups one group having
the disease and other group not having the disease or
comparison between individuals. By making
comparisons, the epidemiologist tries to find out the
crucial differences in the host. Clues to etiology come
from such comparisons.
PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH
Problem solving approach is a systematic approach to

the solution of simple, complex, immediate, long term
problems, characterized by sequential execution of the
following observation through action processes.
Community health is problem solving process and
team approach is very essential to deal with varied and
complex health needs and problems of people at large.
It is just not possible for any one profession or
discipline to provide such care. (Team Work)

Community health nursing is one of the professions
and community health nurses along with their
auxiliary nurses and female health supervisors help to
meet nursing needs of the community as a whole.
Other members of the team who are usually there

include physicians, clinical specialists, public health
engineers, health statistians, epidemiologists, health
educationalists, counselors, social workers, clinical
psychologists, pharmacologists, lab technicians and
village level health workers.
 Community health nurses working in community
health settings need to identify the health teams and
their roles, functions and team dynamics so as to
participate effectively in providing comprehensive
health care services and solving the problems of
people in the community.
1. Abstractions
2. Analogy Techniques of problem solving
3. Brainstorming
4. Divide and conquer
5. Lateral thinking
6. Means ends analysis
7. Method of focal objects
8. Morphological analysis
9. Reduction
10. Research
11. Root cause analysis
12. Trial and error
STEPS
Identify and select the problem
Analyze the problem
Generate potential solution
Select and plan the solution
Implement solution
Evaluate solution
EVIDENCE BASED APPROACH
 It is an approach to health care practice in which the
clinician is aware of the evidence that relates to clinical
practice and the strength of that evidence.
Critical Features of EBP
1. It is problem based approach.
2. It considers the practitioner's current experience.
3. It brings together the best available evidence and
current practice by combining research with
knowledge and theory.
4. It facilitates the application of research findings by
incorporating knowledge into practice.
EBP is still in its infancy in nursing. EBP is similar to
research based practice and has been called an
approach to problem solving in clinical practice.
1. It involves identifying a clinical problem.
2. Searching the literature.
3. Critically evaluating the research evidence.
4. Determining appropriate interventions.
It is believed that EBP will fill the gap between
research theory and practice.
Health of individuals living in a defined community is
EMPOWERING PEOPLE TO TAKE CARE FOR THEMSELVES
not only their right but also their responsibility to take
care of their own health and also of community at
large.
 Without peoples help, co-operation or participation,
it is neither possible to make health care services
accessible and acceptable to them nor it is feasible to
achieve community health goals and aims.
Community involvement and participation is
recognized as one of the crucial supportive approach
for successful implementations of community health
care services.
The extent of community involvement may vary from
one community to another. It may depend upon their
socio-economic and cultural aspects, health attitude,
health knowledge etc.
 it ranges from true or active participation to passive
recipient of care provided i.e. the major responsibility
of community involvement lies with health personnel
who directly deal with people at the community level.
They need to encourage and promote them for their
participation.
Community health nurses working with individuals,
families, groups within the community and
community as a whole for community health nursing
services need to mobilize, encourage, and prepare
them to take greater interest and responsibilities,
develop self reliance for their own health matters.
THANK YOU

Approaches

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Approaches

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Approaches

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

UNIT IV

Community health nursing approaches, concepts and roles

COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

Community health nurse uses different approaches in

PROBLEM SOLVING APPROACH

EVIDENCE BASED APPROACH

Epidemiology has been defined as a means of

Problem solving approach is a systematic approach to

Other members of the team who are usually there

Analyze the problem

Generate potential solution

Select and plan the solution

You might also like