DATA SCIENCE: INTRODUCTION

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 OUTLINE
What is data science?

What is data science not?

data science examples

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 WHAT IS DATA SCIENCE

Data Science is the science which uses computer science, statistics and machine
learning, visualization and human-computer interactions to collect, clean, integrate,
analyze, visualize, interact with data to create data products.

Data science is the application of computational and statistical techniques to

address or gain insight into some problem in the real world

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 SOME POSSIBLE
DEFINITIONS

Data science = statistics +

data processing +
machine learning +
scientific inquiry +
visualization +
business analytics +
big data + …

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 GOAL OF DATA SCIENCE

• TURN DATA INTO DATA PRODUCTS.

 LISTS OF BEST
JOBS

https://www.glassdoor.com/List/Best-Jobs-in-America-LST_KQ0,20.htm
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https://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/rankings/the-100-best-jobs
 CAREERS IN DATA SCIENCE
• BESIDES THE OBVIOUS CAREER AS A DATA SCIENTIST, THERE ARE PLENTY OF OTHER DATA SCIENCE JOBS TO CHOOSE
FROM.

• DATA SCIENTIST: USES DATA TO UNDERSTAND AND EXPLAIN THE PHENOMENA AROUND THEM, TO HELP ORGANIZATIONS
MAKE BETTER DECISIONS.

• DATA ANALYST: GATHERS, CLEANS, AND STUDIES DATA SETS TO HELP SOLVE BUSINESS PROBLEMS.

• DATA ENGINEER: BUILD SYSTEMS THAT COLLECT, MANAGE, AND TRANSFORM RAW DATA INTO INFORMATION FOR BUSINESS
ANALYSTS AND DATA SCIENTISTS.

• DATA ARCHITECT: REVIEWS AND ANALYZES AN ORGANIZATION’S DATA INFRASTRUCTURE TO PLAN DATABASES AND
IMPLEMENT SOLUTIONS TO STORE AND MANAGE DATA.

• BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE ANALYST: GATHERS, CLEANS, AND ANALYZES SALES AND CUSTOMER DATA, INTERPRETS IT, AND
SHARES FINDINGS WITH BUSINESS TEAMS.
• HTTPS://WWW.COURSERA.ORG/ARTICLES/DATA-SCIENCE-VS-MACHINE-LEARNING
 DATA SCIENCE VS MACHINE
LEARNING
Data science is a field that studies data and how to extract meaning from it, whereas machine
learning is a field devoted to understanding and building methods that utilize data to improve
performance or inform predictions.

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence that uses algorithms to extract data and then predict
future trends. Software is programmed with models that allow engineers to conduct statistical analysis to
understand patterns in the data. 
Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, and TikTok gather users’ information.
Based on previous behavior, it predicts your interests and desires, and recommends products, services, or
articles that are relevant to you. 
As a set of tools and concepts, machine learning is applied in data science, but also appears in fields beyond
it.

Data scientists often incorporate machine learning in their work where appropriate,to help gather more
information faster or to assist with trends analysis.

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https://www.coursera.org/articles/data-science-vs-machine-learning
https://www.coursera.org/articles/data-science-vs-machine-learning
 DATA SCIENCE IS NOT
STATISTICS
Data science involves the collection, organization, analysis and
visualization of large amounts of data.

Statisticians, meanwhile, use mathematical models to quantify relationships

between variables and outcomes and make predictions based on those
relationships.

Note :
Plus, statisticians use R, while data scientists use Python ... clearly these
are completely different fields

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https://www.mastersindatascience.org/learning/data-science-vs-statistics
 DATA SCIENCE IS NOT BIG
DATA
Big Data
 is a technique to collect, maintain and process huge information.
 It is about extracting vital and valuable information from a huge amount of data.
 It is a technique for tracking and discovering trends in complex data sets.
 The goal is to make data more vital and usable

Data Science
 is an area.
 It is about the collection, processing, analyzing, and utilizing of data in various operations. It
is more conceptual.
 It is a field of study just like Computer Science, Applied Statistics, or Applied Mathematics.
 The goal is to build data-dominant products for a venture.

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https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-big-data-and-data-science/
BACK TO WHAT DATA
SCIENCE IS

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 DATA SCIENCE APPLICATIONS

• TRANSACTION DATABASES  RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS (NETFLIX), FRAUD DETECTION

(SECURITY AND PRIVACY)
• WIRELESS SENSOR DATA  SMART HOME, REAL-TIME MONITORING, INTERNET OF THINGS
• TEXT DATA, SOCIAL MEDIA DATA  PRODUCT REVIEW AND CONSUMER SATISFACTION
(FACEBOOK, TWITTER, LINKEDIN), E-DISCOVERY
• SOFTWARE LOG DATA  AUTOMATIC TROUBLE SHOOTING (SPLUNK)

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 DATA SCIENCE EXAMPLES

• FRAUD AND RISK DETECTION

• HEALTHCARE

• INTERNET SEARCH

• TARGETED ADVERTISING

• WEBSITE RECOMMENDATIONS

• ADVANCED IMAGE RECOGNITION

• SPEECH RECOGNITION

• AIRLINE ROUTE PLANNING

• GAMING

• AUGMENTED REALITY

HTTPS://WWW.EDUREKA.CO/BLOG/DATA-SCIENCE-APPLICATIONS/
HEALTHCARE
THE HEALTHCARE SECTOR, ESPECIALLY, RECEIVES GREAT BENEFITS FROM DATA SCIENCE
APPLICATIONS.
1. MEDICAL IMAGE ANALYSIS
(EX PROCEDURES SUCH AS DETECTING TUMORS, ARTERY STENOSIS)

2. Genetics & Genomics

Data Science applications also enable an advanced level of treatment personalization through
research in genetics and genomics
 The goal is to understand the impact of the DNA on our health and find individual biological
connections between genetics, diseases, and drug response.
3. DRUG DEVELOPMENT
•THE DRUG DISCOVERY PROCESS IS HIGHLY COMPLICATED AND INVOLVES MANY DISCIPLINES. THE GREATEST IDEAS ARE OFTEN BOUNDED
BY BILLIONS OF TESTING, HUGE FINANCIAL AND TIME EXPENDITURE. ON AVERAGE, IT TAKES TWELVE YEARS TO MAKE AN OFFICIAL
SUBMISSION.
•DATA SCIENCE APPLICATIONS AND MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS SIMPLIFY AND SHORTEN THIS PROCESS, ADDING A PERSPECTIVE TO
EACH STEP FROM THE INITIAL SCREENING OF DRUG COMPOUNDS TO THE PREDICTION OF THE SUCCESS RATE BASED ON THE BIOLOGICAL
FACTORS. 

4. VIRTUAL ASSISTANCE FOR PATIENTS AND CUSTOMER SUPPORT

OPTIMIZATION OF THE CLINICAL PROCESS BUILDS UPON THE CONCEPT THAT FOR MANY CASES IT IS NOT ACTUALLY NECESSARY FOR
PATIENTS TO VISIT DOCTORS IN PERSON. A MOBILE APPLICATION CAN GIVE A MORE EFFECTIVE SOLUTION BY BRINGING THE DOCTOR TO
THE PATIENT INSTEAD.
THE AI-POWERED MOBILE APPS CAN PROVIDE BASIC HEALTHCARE SUPPORT, USUALLY CHATBOTS. YOU SIMPLY DESCRIBE YOUR
SYMPTOMS, OR ASK QUESTIONS, AND THEN RECEIVE KEY INFORMATION ABOUT YOUR MEDICAL CONDITION DERIVED FROM A WIDE
NETWORK LINKING SYMPTOMS TO CAUSES. APPS CAN REMIND YOU TO TAKE YOUR MEDICINE ON TIME, AND IF NECESSARY, ASSIGN AN
APPOINTMENT WITH A DOCTOR.