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    Chapter II (Gelifwr) Group 2. Bsit 2f DT

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    Jhe Dajalos
    The document discusses the political, economic, socio-cultural conditions in the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish rule. Politically, Spain established an authoritarian colonial government headed by a Governor-General with powers over provincial and local governments. Economically, the Philippines was dominated by the encomienda system which exploited Filipino labor. Socially, the Spanish imposed a caste system that discriminated against Filipinos. Education was limited and controlled by the Catholic friars. Overall, the Spanish colonial system oppressed Filipinos and denied them basic rights and equality.

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    Chapter II (Gelifwr) Group 2. Bsit 2f DT

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    Jhe Dajalos
    28 views31 pages
    The document discusses the political, economic, socio-cultural conditions in the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish rule. Politically, Spain established an authoritarian colonial government headed by a Governor-General with powers over provincial and local governments. Economically, the Philippines was dominated by the encomienda system which exploited Filipino labor. Socially, the Spanish imposed a caste system that discriminated against Filipinos. Education was limited and controlled by the Catholic friars. Overall, the Spanish colonial system oppressed Filipinos and denied them basic rights and equality.

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    Chapter II (Gelifwr) Group 2. Bsit 2f Dt

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    The document discusses the political, economic, socio-cultural conditions in the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish rule. Politically, Spain established an authoritarian colonial government headed by a Governor-General with powers over provincial and local governments. Economically, the Philippines was dominated by the encomienda system which exploited Filipino labor. Socially, the Spanish imposed a caste system that discriminated against Filipinos. Education was limited and controlled by the Catholic friars. Overall, the Spanish colonial system oppressed Filipinos and denied them basic rights and equality.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    28 views31 pages

    Chapter II (Gelifwr) Group 2. Bsit 2f DT

    Uploaded by

    Jhe Dajalos
    The document discusses the political, economic, socio-cultural conditions in the Philippines during the 19th century under Spanish rule. Politically, Spain established an authoritarian colonial government headed by a Governor-General with powers over provincial and local governments. Economically, the Philippines was dominated by the encomienda system which exploited Filipino labor. Socially, the Spanish imposed a caste system that discriminated against Filipinos. Education was limited and controlled by the Catholic friars. Overall, the Spanish colonial system oppressed Filipinos and denied them basic rights and equality.

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    of 31

    CHAPTER 2

    THE WORLD DURING


    RIZAL’S TIME

    -EXPLAIN HOW THE PREVAILING PHILOSOPHICAL THINKING IN EUROPE AFFECTED THE REST OF
    THE WORLD INCLUDING THE PHILIPPINES.
    -DESCRIBE THE ECONOMIC, SOCIO- CULTURAL AND CONDITION DURING THE 19 TH CENTURY

    -RELATE THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ESTABLISHED IN THE 19TH CENTURY PHILIPPINES WITH
    THAT OF THE PRESENT;

    -DIFFERENTIATE THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM ESTABLISHED IN THE 19 TH


    CENTURY WITH THAT OF THE PRESENT ; AND

    -ANALYZE THE ECONOMIC, SOCIO – CULTURAL AND POLITICAL STRUCTURES DURING 19 TH


    THE WORLD DURING
    RIZAL’S TIME

    RIZALS CENTURY THE 19TH CENTURY MARKED AS VERY DYNAMIC AND PRODUCTIVE AGE
    MAINLY IN CONTINENTS EUROPE AND ASIA.

    DURING THIS PERIOD, SUCH CONCEPTS OF LIBERALISM, DEMOCRACY, SOCIAL


    REALIZATION, AND NATIONALISM GAINED CONTROL AND SPARKED RADICAL CHANGES IN
    SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ECONOMICS, SOCIO-CULTURAL AND POLITICAL CONDITIONS.
    SPAIN AND THE PHILIPPINES IN RIZAL TIME

    1. 2. 3. 4.

    SPANISH RULE MIGUEL LOPEZ DE BEFORE THE THE PHILIPPINES BECOME


    WAS IMPOSED LEGAZPI, HE CONQUEST, THE A COLONY OF SPAIN AND
    IN THE ESTABLISHED THE FILIPINOS HAD THEIR SHE BELONGED TO THE
    PHILIPPINES BY FIRST SPANISH OWN INDIGENOUS KING OF SPAIN
    CONQUEST, SETTLEMENT IN 1565 CULTURE AND THEIR
    IN CEBU OWN GOVERNMENT, THE
    BARANGAY HEADED BY A
    NATIVE CHIEFTAIN
    POLITICAL CONDITION DURING THE 19TH CENTURY:
    POLITICAL SYSTEM

    THE SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES RAN INDIRECTLY THROUGH THE
    VICERO OF THE SPAIN IN MEXICO.

    NATIONAL GOVERNMENT

    GOVERNOR GENERAL

    - HE IS THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE IN THE WHOLE ARCHIPELAGO

    - HE IS THE HEAD OF STATE AND CHURCH

    - HE IS THE COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE MILITARY

    - HE HAD THE POWER OF CUMPLACE


    VISITADOR
    - VISITED THE COUNTRY TO CHECK THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE
    GOVERNOR GENERAL

    RESIDENCIA
    - LIVED IN THE PHILIPPINES TO OBSERVE THE GOVERNOR
    GENERAL

    PROVICIAL GOVERNMENT

    ALCALDE MAYOR

    - THE HEAD IN THE PROVINCIAL LEVEL

    - HE HAD THE POWER AND RESPONSIBILITIES LIKE THE GOVERNOR GENERAL


    BUT HIS POWER WAS LIMITED IN PROVINCE
    MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT BARRIO GOVERNMENT

    GOBERNADORCILLO CADEZA DE BARANGAY

    - HIS POWER AND RESPONSIBILITIES -HE IS THE HEAD OF BARANGAY


    WAS THE SAME AS THE GOVERNOR -THE FILIPINO WAS ALLOWED TO
    GENERAL. HOWEVER, HIS POWER WAS ASSUME THE POSITION OF
    LIMITED ONLY IN THE TOWN OR GOBERNADORCILLO AND CABEZA DE
    PUEBLO BARANGAY AND ONLY GIVEN TO A
    - HE ALSO HAD THE POWER OF FILIPINO MALE , 23 YEARS OLD.
    INDULTO DE COMMERCIO OR THE EDUCATED AND HAD A PROPERTY OF
    POWER OF THE GOBERNADORCILLO 500 PESOS.
    TO ENGAGE INTO TRADING
    THE SUPREMACY OF THE FRIARS OVER THE
    COLONIAL GOVERNMENT

    -THE DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS ORDERS HAD A GREAT CONTRIBUTION IN THE


    ESTABLISHMENT OF SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT IN THE COUNTRY

    -THE REGULAR PRIESTS (SPANISH PRIESTS) WERE ABLE TO DOMINATE THE CONTROL
    IN THE DIFFERENT PARISHES AND HAD THE POWER TO GET THE PARISHES FROM THE
    SECULAR (FILIPINO PRIEST)
    ABUSES OF THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS

    -THE EXCESSIVE POWERS AND PRIVILEGES OF THE GOVERNOR GENERAL MADE HIM
    WEAK AND UNDISCIPLINED

    -THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT WHERE THE ALCALDE MAYOR WAS TH


    ADMINISTRATOR, JUDGE, AND MILITARY COMMANDER WAS THE MOST CORRUPT
    BRANCH OF THE GOVERNMENT
    CORRUPT SPANISH OFFICIALS
    - THE COLONIAL OFFICIALS WERE HIGHLY CORRUPTS, INCOMPETENT AND CRUEL.

    GENERAL RAFAEL DE IZQUIERDO (1871 – 1873)


    - A BOASFUL AND RUTHLESS GOVERNOR GEERAL, AROUSED THE ANGER OF THE
    FILIPINOS BY EXECUTING THE FATHERS MARIANO GOMES, JOSE BURGOS AND
    JACINTO JAMORA, THE “MARTYRS OF 1872”

    ADMIRAL JOSE MALCAMPO (1874 – 1877)


    - A GOOD MORO FIGHTER, BUT WAS INEPT AND WEAK ADMINISTRATOR

    GENERAL FERNANDO PRIMO DE RIVERA


    - A GOVERNOR GENERAL FOR TWO TERMS (1880 – 1883) AND (1897 – 1898), ENRICHED
    HIMSELF BY ACCEPTING BRIBES FROM GAMBLING CASINOS IN MANILA WHICH HE
    GENERAL VALERIO WEYLER (1888 - 1891)

    - A CRUEL AND CORRUPT GOVERNOR GENERAL OF HISPANIC – GERMAN ANCESTRY,


    ARRIVED IN MANILA A POOR MAN AND RETURNED TO SPAIN A MILLIONAIRE

    - THE FILIPINOS SCORNFULLY CALLED HIM. “TYRANT”

    - THE CUBANS CURSED HIM AS “THE BUTCHER”

    GENERAL CAMILLO DE POLAVIEJA (1896 - 1897)

    - AN ABLE MILITARIST BUT HEARTLESS GOVERNOR GENERAL, WAS WIDELY DETSTED


    BY FILIPINO PEOPLE FOE EXECUTING DR. JOSE RIZAL.
    HILIPPINES REPRESENTATION IN THE SPANISH CORTES

    THE FIRST PERIOD OF TE PHILIPPINES REPRESENTATION IN THE


    SPANISH CORTES (1810 – 1813) WAS FRUITFUL WITH THE BENEFICENT
    RESULTS FOR THE WELFARE OF THE COLONY. HOWEVER, THE SECOND
    PERIOD OF REPRESENTATION (1820 – 1823) AND THE THIRD (1834 – 1837)
    WERE LESS FRUITFUL IN PARLIAMENTARY WORK

    -THE REPRESENTATION OF THE OVERSEAS COLONIES INCLUDING


    THE PHILIPPINES IN THE SPANISH CORTES WAS ABOLISHED IN 1837
    SINCE THEN, PHILIPPINES CONDITIONS WORSENED.
    HUMAN RIGHTS DENIED TO FILIPINO

    - SINCE THE ADOPTION OF THE SPANISH CONSTITUTION OF 1812 AND OTHER


    CONSTITUTIONS, THE PEOPLE OF SPAIN ENJOYED FREEDOM OF SPEECH,
    FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND OTHER HUAMN RIGHTS. THE SPANISH
    AUTHORITIES WHO CHERISHED THESE HUMAN RIGHTS OR CONSTITUTIONAL
    LIBERTIES IN SPAIN DENIED THEM TO THE FILIPINOS IN ASIA
    NO EQUALITY BEFORE LAW

    - THE SPANISH COLONIAL AUTHORITIES, WHO WERE CHRISTIANS, DID NOT


    IMPLEMENT CHRIST’S PRECEPTS OF THE BROTHERHOOD OF ALL MEN
    ESPECIALLY DURING THE LAST DECADES OF HISPANIC RULES. THEY
    ARROGANTLY REGARDED THE BROWN SKINNED FILIPINOS AS INFERIOR BEINGS,
    NOT THEIR CHRISTIAN BROTHERS TO BE PROTECTED BUT RATHER AS THEIR
    SUBJECTS TO BE EXPLOITED. THE FILIPINOS WERE ABUSED, BRUTALIZED,
    PERSECUTED, AND SLANDERED BY THEIR SPANISH MASTERS. THEY COULD NOT
    APPEAL TO THE LAW FOR JUSTICE BECAUSE THE LAW, BEING DISPENSED BY THE
    SPANIARDS, WAS ONLY FOR THE WHITE SPANIARDS
    MAL ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

    - THE COURTS OF JUSTICE IN THE PHILIPPINES DURING RIZAL’S TIME WERE


    NOTORIOUSLY CORRUPTS, THEY WERE COURTS OF “INJUSTICE” AS FAR THE
    BROWN FILIPINOS WERE CONCERNED. THE SPANISH JUDGES, FISCALS
    (PROSECUTING ATTORNEYS), AND OTHER COURT OFFICIALS WERE INEPT, VENIAL
    NAD OFTEN TIMES IGNORANTS OF LAW

    - POOR FILIPINOS HAD NO ACCESS TO THE COURTS BECAUSE THEY COULD NOT
    AFFORD THE HEAVY EXPENSES OF LITIGATION. THE EXPENSES INCURRED EVEN IN
    A SIMPLE LAWSUIT OFTEN EXCEEDED THE VALUE OF THE PROPERTY AT ISSUE, SO
    THAT IN MANY INSTANCES THE LITIGANTS FOUND THEMSELVES IMPOVERISHED AT
    THE END OF THE LONG HUSSLE. CRIMINAL CASES DRAGGED ON FOR MANY YEARS
    DURING WHICH PERIODS EITHER THE DELINQUENTS TOOK TO FLIGHTS, OR THE
    DOCUMENTS WERE LOST.
    THE SOCIAL STRATIFICATION /
    SOCIAL STRUCTURE

    - THE SPANIARDS IMPOSED NEW SOCIAL


    STRATIFICATION WHICH DISCRIMINATED THE
    NATIVES IN THEIR OWN LAND.
    PENINSULARES
    - THE HIGHEST CLASS, SPANISH BORN IN SPAIN AND LIVE IN THE
    PHILIPPINES

    INSULARES
    - SPANISH BORN IN THE PHILIPPINES

    CREOLES
    - THE THIRD CLASS, THEY ARE THYE MIXED BLOOD OR A
    COMBINATION OF SPANISH AND FILIPINO
    ILLUSTRATOR – THE WELL-EDUCATED FILIPINO
    PRINCIPALIA – THE LAND OWNER

    INDIOS
    - THE LAST CLASS, THE UNFORTUNATE AND DISCRIMINATED IN THE
    FROILOCARCY / SECURALIZATION OF FILIPINO PRIEST

    “FRAILOCACY”(FRAILOCRACIA) – THE SPANISH POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY OF UNION OF


    CHURCH AND STATE

    - THE FRIARS (AUGUSTINIANS DOMINICANS AND FRANCISCANS) CONTROLLED THE


    RELIGIOUS AND EDUCATIONAL LIFE OF THE PHILIPPINES, AND LATER IN THE 19 TH
    CENTURY, THEY CAME TO ACQUIRE TREMENDOUS POLITICAL POWER , INFLUENCES
    AND RICHES
    EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DURING THE TIME SPANISH REGIME

    - THE RELIGION IS STILL THE CENTER OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IMPOSED BY THE
    SPANIARDS.

    - GIRLS AND BOYS HAVE SEPARATE SCHOOLS AND THEY ALSO HAVE DIFFERENT
    CURRICULUMS.

    FOR THE MALE IN SECONDARY EDUCATION


    1. COLEGIO MAXIMO DE SAN IGNACIO - 1589
    2. COLLEGE OF SAN ILDEFONSO – 1599
    3. ATENEO DE MUNICIPAL - 1817
    THE CURRICULUM MALE ICLUDES SPANISH HISTORY, LATIN, PHILOSOPHY,
    CANON, CIVIL LAW, RHETORIC

    FOR THE FEMALE IN SECONDARY EDUCATION:


    1. COLEGIOS OF SANTA POTENCIAN – 1591
    2. STA. ISABEL – 1632
    3. SANTA CATALINA DE SANA – 1696
    4. STA. RITA COLLEGE – 1719
    5. COLEGIO DE LA INMACULADA CONCEPCION CONCORDIA – 1868

    THE CURRICULUM FOR THE FEMALES INCLUDES:


    RULES OD COURTESY, VOCAL MUSIC, LANGUAGE AND SEWING
    THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IS ALSO USED TO PACIFY THE FILIPINOS AND
    TRAIN THEM IN CATHOLICISM AND TO FOLLOW LAWS IMPOSED BY THE
    SPANIARDS.

    THE DEPARTMENT OD EDUCATION DURING THE SPANISH COULD NOT ALSO


    PROVIDE ENOUGH BOOKS AND OTHER INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS NEEDED
    FOR THE QUALITY EDUCATION.

    THE PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS WERE ESTABLISHED WITH SPANISH MISSIONARIES


    AS THE TEACHERS.
    THE STUDENTS WERE TAUGHT IN THE NATIVE DIALECTS ALTHOUGH A
    LAW REQUIRED THE CHILDREN TO BE TAUGHT IN SPANISH.

    RELIGION WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT SUBJECT.

    AT THE END OF THE SPANISH PERIOD. THE UNIVERSITY OF SANTO


    TOMAS WAS THE ONLY INSTITUTION OF THE UNIVERSITY LEVEL IN
    THE MANILA. IT WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1611 SOCIETY FOR THE
    SPANIARDS AND MESTIZOS.
    EDUCATIONAL DEGREE OF 1863
    (DECEMBER 20 1863)

    EACH MAJOR TOWN IN THE PHILIPPINES SHOULD ESTABLISH AT LEAST ONE


    PRIMARY SCHOOL FOR BOYS AND ANOTHER FOR GIRLS, AND THE MEDIUM OF
    INSTRUCTION IS SPANISH.

    MORET DEGREE OF 1870

    INTENDED TO SECULARIZE HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE COLONY BUT THE FRIARS


    OPPOSED THE IDEA OF THE GOVERNMENT’S CONTROL OVER EDUCATION
    ECONOMIC CONDITION DURING THE 19TH CENTURY:
    THE ECONMIENDA SYSTEM

    - TO SOLVE THE ISSUE OF GOVERNANCE, LEGAZPI CONVERTED THE


    LAND OF THE INDIOS THE ENCOMIENDA.

    - THE WORD ENCOMIENDA COMES FROM THE SPANISH


    ENCOMENDAR WHICH MEANS “TO ENTRUST”

    - THE ENCOMIENDA IS AGRANT OF INHABITANTS LIVING IN A


    PARTICULAR CONQUERED TERRITORY WHICH SPAIN GAVE TO
    SPANISH COLONIZWE AS A REWARD FOR HIS SERVICES.
    3 TYPE OF ENCOMIENDA

    ROYAL
    - THE TAXES WILL GO TO THE KING SPAIN

    ECCLESIASTICAL
    - THE TAXES WILL GO TO THE CHURCH

    PRIVADO
    - THE ENCOMIENDA GIVEN TO THE FRIEND OF THE KING WHO HAD
    CONTRIBUTED TO THE COLONIZATION
    - THEY ABOLISHED THE ENCOMIENDA AND CONVERT THE LAND INTO
    HACIENDAS
    HACIENDA OWNED BY THE FRIARS AND SPANISH OFFICIALS

    - THE SPANISH FRIAR’S BELONGINGS TO DIFFERENT RELIGIOUS ORDERS


    WERE THE RICHEST LANDLORDS, FOR THEY OWNED THE BEST HACIENDAS
    (AGRICULTURAL LANDS) IN THE PHILIPPINES

    - THE RURAL FOLKS, WHO HAD BEEN LIVING IN THESE HACIENDAS AND
    CULTIVATING THEM GENERATION AFTER GENERATION BECAME TENANTS
    THE ABUSES OF GUARDIA CIVIL, CHURCH OFFICIALS AND POLITICAL
    LEADERSC

    GUARDIA CIVIL (CONSTANBULARY)


    - THE LAST HATED SYMBOLS OF SPANISH TYRANNY WHICH WAS CREATED BY
    THE ROYAL DECREE OF FEBRUARY 12 1852

    - IT WAS AMENDED BY ANOTHER ROYAL DECREE ON MARCH 24 1888, FOR THE


    PURPOSE OF MAINTAINING INTERNAL PEACE AND ORDER IN THE PHILIPPINES

    - IT WAS PATTERNED AFTER THE FAMOUS AND WELL-DISCIPLINED GUARDIA


    CIVIL IN SPAIN
    THE DIFFERENT SOCIO-ECONOMIC POLICIES IMPOSED BY SPANIARDS

    1. REDUCCION

    - THIS POLICY WAS IMPLEMENTED SO THAT THE GOVERNMENT AND PARISH


    PRIEST COULD EASILY MONITOR THE NATIVES AND FOR THE EASY
    CONVERSION TO CATHOLICISM

    2. BANDALA

    - THE NATIVES ARE OBLIGED TO SELL THEIR PRODUCTS TO THE SPANIARDS


    3. POLO Y SERVICIOS

    - THE FORCED LABOR PF ALL FILIPINO MALES FROM 16 TO 60 YEARS OLD


    FOR 40 – DAY PERIODS.

    - THE WORD POLO REFERS TO COMMUNITY WORK, AND THE LABORER WAS
    CALLED POLISTA

    - THE ONLY WAY TO AVOID BEING FORCED TO DO POLO Y SERVICIO WAS TO


    PAY THE FALLA

    - IN 1884, THE FORTY DAYS OF FORCED LABOR WAS REDUCED TO 15 DAYS


    4. TAXATION

    CEDULA
    - MALES AND FEMALES 18 YEARS OLD AND ABOVE WILL PAY EVERY YEAR
    FOR THE CEDULA

    SANCTORUM
    - TAX FOR THE CHURCH

    DONATIVO DE ZAMBOANGA
    - A TAX SPECIALLY USED FOR THE CONQUEST OF JOLO

    TRIBUTE
    - IT MAY BE PAID IN CASH OR IN KIND
    5. THE TRIBUTE (BUWIS) OR TRIBUTO

    - MIGUEL LOPEZ DE LEGASPI WAS THE FIRST TO ORDER THE PAYMENT


    OF TRIBUTE. HIS SUCCESSORS FOLLOWED THIS PRACTICE.

    - THE TRIBUTE OR BUWIS WAS COLLECTED FROM THE NATIVES BOTH IN


    CASH (GOLD OR MONEY) AND IN KIND (E.G. RICE, CLOTH, CHICKEN,
    COCONUT OIL, ABACA, ETC.)

    - THE KING OF SPAIN PREFERRED THE PAYMENT OF GOLD, BUT THE


    NATIVES PAID LARGELY IN KIND.
    6. GALLEON TRADE

    - THIS TRADING POLICY CHANGED THE SYSTEM OF FREE TRADING


    IN THE PHILIPPINES WHERE IN THE OTHER NATIONALITIES LIKE
    THE CHINESE ARE FREE TO EXCHANGE THEIR GOODS WITH THE
    FILIPINOS WHO HAD EXTRA GOODS

    BOLETAS – THE TICKET FOR THE GALLEON TRADE

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