The document discusses different types of computer hardware, software, data, and components. It defines hardware as the physical parts of a computer like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, graphics card, and storage devices. Software is programs that control the computer, including operating systems, applications, and digital data that computers understand in binary format. The main types of computers are desktops, laptops, smartphones, tablets, and phablets. It also covers emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality.
The document discusses different types of computer hardware, software, data, and components. It defines hardware as the physical parts of a computer like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, graphics card, and storage devices. Software is programs that control the computer, including operating systems, applications, and digital data that computers understand in binary format. The main types of computers are desktops, laptops, smartphones, tablets, and phablets. It also covers emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality.
The document discusses different types of computer hardware, software, data, and components. It defines hardware as the physical parts of a computer like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, graphics card, and storage devices. Software is programs that control the computer, including operating systems, applications, and digital data that computers understand in binary format. The main types of computers are desktops, laptops, smartphones, tablets, and phablets. It also covers emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality.
The document discusses different types of computer hardware, software, data, and components. It defines hardware as the physical parts of a computer like the motherboard, CPU, RAM, graphics card, and storage devices. Software is programs that control the computer, including operating systems, applications, and digital data that computers understand in binary format. The main types of computers are desktops, laptops, smartphones, tablets, and phablets. It also covers emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, augmented reality, virtual reality, and mixed reality.
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Hardware and Software
Hardware is the general term for the physical components
that make up a typical computer system. Internal hardware devices: • motherboard • central processing unit (CPU)/processor • random access memory (RAM) • read-only memory (ROM) • graphics card • sound card • network interface card (NIC) • internal storage devices (hard disk drive and solid-state drive). Software • Software is the general term used for the programs that control the computer system and process data • Applications software :provides the services that the user requires to solve a given task. For example: word processing spreadsheet Photo edit database (management system) … • System software: is the software designed to provide a platform on which all other software can run. For example: » compilers operating systems • Digital Data Computers can only understand data which is in a binary format (that is, a base 2 number system where only the values 0 and 1 can be used). • Analog Data Analogue data is physical data that changes smoothly from one value to the next, and not in discrete steps as with digital data. Main Components of computer System
• The central processing unit (CPU) is the part
of the computer that interprets and executes the commands from the computer hardware and software. Difference between RAM and ROM Types of computer Desktop computers
Desktop usually refers to a general-purpose
computer that is made up of separate monitor,
keyboard, mouse and processor unit.
The advantages of desktop computers over laptop computers are: • Spare parts and connections tend to be standardized, which usually results in lower costs. • Desktop computers are easier, and less expensive, to upgrade or expand. • Internet access can be more stable because a desktop computer is more likely to have a wired internet connection The disadvantages of desktop computers when compare to Laptop • They are not particularly portable because they are made up of separate components. • All the components need to be hooked up by wiring, which also clutters up the desk space. • They are not particularly portable, it is necessary to copy files on, for example, a memory stick. The main uses of desktop computers include: • office and business work • educational use • use as a gaming device • general entertainment Mobile computers • Mobile computers, which are considerably more portable than desktop computers. laptop computers smartphones tablets phablets Laptop or Notebooks • Laptop refers to a type of computer where the monitor, keyboard, pointing device and processor are all together in one single unit. Features • lightweight • low power • low heat output The advantages of Laptop computers
• They can be taken anywhere because the
monitor, pointing device, keyboard, processor and backing store units are all together in one single unit. • They are no trailing wires • They take up much less room on a desk • They are portable, they can link into any multimedia system The disadvantages of Laptop computers
• They have limited battery life so the user may
need to carry a heavy power adaptor. • The keyboards and pointing devices can sometimes be more awkward to use. • It is not always possible to upgrade them, for instance by adding more RAM. Smartphones • Smartphones allow phone calls, but also have an operating system (such as iOS, Android or Windows) allowing them to run a number of computer applications Features • high-definition, anti-glare displays • front- and back-facing cameras • lower weight and longer battery life than laptops • make use of flash (solid state) memory and cloud storage The advantages of Smartphones • They are very small in size and lightweight • Can use them to make phone calls, but also connect to the internet • They have a reasonable battery life compared to laptops The disadvantages of Smartphones
• The small screens and keyboards make pages
difficult to read. • Web browsing and photography can quickly drain the battery • Not all website features are compatible with smartphone operating systems. • The data transfer rate using mobile phone networks can be slower than with Wi-Fi Tablets • They work in a similar way to a smartphone. Tablets use touch screen technology and do not have a conventional keyboard. The keyboard is virtual; Advantages of tablets compared to laptops:
• very fast to switch on
• fully portable • can use several apps as standard • they use solid-state technology • battery life of a tablet is a lot longer Disadvantages of tablets compared to laptops: • tend to be rather expensive when compared to laptop • they often have limited memory or storage when compared to a laptop • typing on a touch screen can be slow and error compared to a standard keyboard • transferring of files often has to be done through an application store • Some of the latest smartphones have been designed as a hybrid between a tablet and a smartphone; these are referred to as a phablet. They have much larger screens than a smartphone but are smaller than a tablet. Impact of emerging technologies • Artificial intelligence (AI) • Extended reality (XR) augmented reality (AR) virtual reality (VR) mixed reality (MR) Augmented reality (AR) • the relationship between digital (virtual) and physical (real) worlds • virtual information and objects are overlaid onto real-world situations • AR world through special goggles or via smartphone/phablet screens • examples include the Pokémon GO game Virtual reality (VR) • Between real-world environment into a virtual (unreal) digital environment • the user is fully immersed in a simulated digital world • users must wear a VR headset or a head-mounted display which allows a 360° view of the virtual world • this technology can be used medicine (teaching operation procedures), construction, engineering and the military. Knowledge • What is the name given to copies of data or program files? A) Backups B) Programs C) Extras D) Stores • Which of the following is an example of a backing storage device? A) Speaker B) Mouse C) Hard Disk Drive D) RAM • Hard Disk Drives are a form of what type of storage? A) Optical B) Solid State C) Magnetic D) Sequential • Blu-Ray discs are a form of what type of storage? A) Solid State B) Magnetic C) Sequential D) Optical • Flash Memory Sticks are a form of what type of storage? A) Optical B) Solid State C) Magnetic D) Sequential • Serial data access is faster than direct data access? A) True B) False • Read the following statements and then select if they are True or False • CD-ROMS can record data over and over again -- True - False • Fixed hard disks can be described as portable -- True - False • Magnetic tape storage media uses serial data access -- True - False • DVD-R discs can store more than CD-R discs -- True - False • Floppy discs can store huge amounts of data -- True - False • What is the order of capacity (smallest to largest) of the following storage media? • A) Fixed Hard Disk -- Blu-ray -- DVD -- Floppy Disk • B) Floppy Disk -- Blu-ray -- DVD -- Fixed Hard Disk • C) DVD -- Floppy Disk -- Blu-ray -- Fixed Hard Disk • D) Floppy Disk -- DVD -- Blu-ray -- Fixed Hard Disk