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Lesson 5 Applications of Maxima and Minima Time Rates

This document contains examples of problems involving maxima, minima, and time rates. It includes 12 problems about finding maximum/minimum values of expressions by taking derivatives, and 5 problems about rates of change and how fast quantities are increasing/decreasing based on given time rates. The problems cover a variety of applications including geometry, physics, and multi-step word problems involving distance, speed, and time.

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Angelica Marie Diego
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69 views57 pages

Lesson 5 Applications of Maxima and Minima Time Rates

This document contains examples of problems involving maxima, minima, and time rates. It includes 12 problems about finding maximum/minimum values of expressions by taking derivatives, and 5 problems about rates of change and how fast quantities are increasing/decreasing based on given time rates. The problems cover a variety of applications including geometry, physics, and multi-step word problems involving distance, speed, and time.

Uploaded by

Angelica Marie Diego
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 5

Applications of Maxima and


Minima and Time Rates
Maxima and Minima Problems
Sample Problem
1. The sum of two positive numbers is . Find the smallest value for
the sum of the cube of one number and the square of the other.

Solution:

Let be the smaller number


be the bigger number
be required sum

Differentiating with respect to ,


Sample Problem
For to be minimum,
Sample Problem
2. A rectangular lot is bounded at the back of the river. No
fence is needed along the river and there is to be . opening in
front. If the fence along the front cost per .; along the sides
per .; find the dimensions of the largest lot which can be
fenced in for .

Solution:
Sample Problem
Let be the area
Sample Problem
Differentiating with respect to x,

For A to be maximum,

When ,
Sample Problem
3. A printed page must contain of printed material. There are
to be margins of on either sides and margins of on top and
bottom. How long should the printed lines be in order to
minimize the amount of paper used?

Solution:
Sample Problem
For the printed portion,

Differentiating with respect to ,

For the whole page,

Differentiating with respect to ,


Sample Problem
But
Sample Problem
When ,

When ,
Sample Problem
4. A Norman window has the form of rectangle surmounted by
a semicircle. What relation between the height of the rectangle
and radius of semi – circle will give the greatest area for a given
perimeter?

Solution:

Let be the height of the


rectangle.
be the radius.
be the perimeter.
be the area.
Sample Problem
Sample Problem
Differentiating with respect to ,

For the area to be greatest, .


Sample Problem
5. Find the dimensions of the largest rectangular building
that can be placed on a right triangular lot w/ base nd
altitude . If the base lies along the base of the triangle.

Solution:

Let be the area


Sample Problem
By similar triangles,
Sample Problem

Differentiating both sides with respect to ,

For Area to be greatest,


Sample Problem

When ,
Sample Problem
6. What is the area of the largest rectangle that can be
inscribed in a semi – circle of radius ?

Solution:

Let be the width


be the length
Sample Problem
By Pythagorean Theorem,
Sample Problem

Differentiating with respect to ,


Sample Problem
For the area to be largest, .

When
Sample Problem
7. Three sides of a trapezoid are each long. How long is the
fourth side when the area of the trapezoid has the greatest
value?

Solution:
Sample Problem
By Pythagorean Theorem,
Sample Problem
Sample Problem
Differentiating with respect to ,

For area to be maximum,


Sample Problem
Sample Problem
8. Two posts , one and the other are apart. If the posts are
supported by a cable running from top of the first post to a stake
on the ground and then back to the top of the second post, find the
distance from the lower post to the stake to use minimum amount
of wire.

Solution:

Let be the unknown length.


be the length of the wire
from the top of the lower
post to the stake.
be the length of the wire
from the top of the higher
post to the stake.
be the total length of the
wire
Sample Problem
From the figure,

Differentiating with respect to ,


Sample Problem

For the least amount of wire to be use, .

Squaring both sides,


Sample Problem
Sample Problem
Sample Problem
9. Find the shortest distance from the point to the curve .

Solution:

Assume on the curve.

By distance formula,

But ,
Sample Problem
Differentiating with respect to ,

For the distance to be minimum,


Sample Problem

When
From
Sample Problem
Sample Problem
10. Find the most economical proportions for a box with an
open top and square base.

Solution:

Let be the sides of the base


be the height
be the surface area
be the base area
be the total surface area
be the volume
Sample Problem

Differentiating with respect to ,


Sample Problem
For most economical proportions,
Sample Problem
11. A box is to be made of a piece of cardboard in square by
cutting equal square out of the corners and turning up the
sides. Find the volume of the largest box that can be made this
way.

Solution:

Let be the side of the


squares to be cut
be the volume
Sample Problem

Differentiating with respect to ,

For V to be maximum,
Sample Problem

When
Sample Problem
12. The altitude of a cylinder of maximum volume that can
be inscribed in a right circular cone of radius and height is?

Solution:

Let be the altitude of the cylinder


be the radius of the cylinder
be the volume of cylinder
Sample Problem

By Similar Triangles,
Sample Problem

Differentiating with respect to ,

For to be maximum, .
Sample Problem

When ,
Time Rates Problems
Sample Problem
1. A kite at a height of is moving horizontally at the rate of
away from the boy who flies it. How fast is the cord being
released when re out.

Solution:

Let be the length of the cord


be the horizontal distance
be the vertical distance

When
Sample Problem
By Pythagorean Theorem,

Differentiating with respect to ,

When
Sample Problem
2. A ladder . long leans against a vertical wall. If the top slides
at the rate of , find how fast the lower end is moving when it
is . from the wall.

Solution:

Let x be the horizontal distance


y be the vertical distance

When
Sample Problem
By Pythagorean Theorem,

Differentiating with respect to ,

When
Sample Problem
3. A man 6 ft. tall walks away from a lamp post 16 ft. high
at the rate of 5 . How fast does the end of his shadow
move?
Solution:
Let x be the horizontal distance
(between the post and man)
w be the horizontal distance

When
Sample Problem
By Similar Triangles,

Differentiating with respect to ,

When ,
Sample Problem
4. A triangular trough is . long, across the top and deep. If
water flows in at the rate of find how fast the surface area is
rising when the water is .

Solution:

Let be the height


of the water
at any time .
be the width of
the water at
altitude .
When .
Sample Problem
By ratio and proportion,

Differentiating with respect to ,

When
Sample Problem
5. A train starting at noon, travels north at miles per hour.
Another train starting from the same point at PM travels east
at miles per hour. Find, to the nearest mile per hour, how fast
the two trains are separating at PM.

Solution:

Let be the time


be the distance between them
When
Sample Problem
By Pythagorean Theorem,

Differentiating with respect to ,

When hrs,

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