Lesson 1 Differential Calculus Introduction
Lesson 1 Differential Calculus Introduction
Lesson 1 Differential Calculus Introduction
(DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS)
EMATH113B
What is Differential Calculus?
A branch of mathematics, invented by Sir Isaac Newton.
He is known for developing the laws of motion and
gravitation, which undoubtedly led to his work in calculus.
When trying to describe how an object falls, he found that
the speed of the object increased every split second and
that no mathematics currently used could describe the
object at any moment in time.
Study of limits.
a branch of mathematics concerned with the
determination, properties, and application of derivatives
and differentials.
a subfield of calculus that studies the rates at which
quantities change.
Importance of Differential Calculus
-To check the instantaneous rate of change such as
velocity.
Where
– independent variable
– dependent variable
Examples:
1. If = , what is the set of all if
?
Solution:
=
2
2. If , find
Solution:
3. If and find
Solution:
)+3
+3
-
4. If show that
Proof:
Recall:
But
:
But
But
Limits
Definition:
Illustration:
Theorems on Limits
II. The limit of product of two or more functions is equal
to the product of their limits, i.e,
Illustration:
Theorems on Limits
III. The limit of quotient of two functions is equal to the
quotient of their limits, provided that the limit of the
denominator exists, i.e,
Provided that
Illustration:
Sample Problems
Evaluate the following limits.
1.
Solution:
Sample Problems
2.
Solution:
Sample Problems
3.
Solution:
Sample Problems
4.
Solution:
Indeterminate
Indeterminate Forms
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Sample Problems
=2
Sample Problems
5.
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
6.
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
:
For Numerator,
Possible numerator:
Possible denominator:
Possible roots:
Depressed Equation:
Sample Problems
For Denominator:
:
Possible numerator:
Possible denominator:
Possible roots: , 3, 3/2, 6)
Depressed Equation:
Sample Problems
Sample Problems
7.
Solution
indeterminate
Sample Problems
Sample Problems
8.
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
Sample Problems
9.
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
Theorems on Limits
IV. If is measured in radians, then
Theorems on Limits
Proof:
In General,
Sample Problems
Evaluate the following limits.
1.
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
Sample Problems
2.
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
Sample Problems
3.
1st Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
Recall:
Likewise,
Sample Problems
Sample Problems
2nd Solution:
Sample Problems
4.
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
Using Identities,
Sample Problems
5.
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
Sample Problems
Right and Left Hand Limits
Right Hand Limits Left Hand Limits
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
Sample Problems
2.
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
Sample Problems
3.
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
Sample Problems
4.
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
For Numerator,
Possible numerator:
Possible denominator:
Possible roots:
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
Limits of Infinity
Solution:
Sample Problems
2.
Solution:
Indeterminate
Sample Problems
Sample Problems
3.
Solution:
indeterminate
Sample Problems
=.
Sample Problems
4.
Solution:
Sample Problems
5.
Solution:
=0
Sample Problems
6.
Solution: