An Overview of Marketing

1
Course Instructor:

Kanwal Gurleen Lecturer, LSB

Learning Objectives
1. Why do we need to learn marketing? 2. What is a market and its types? 3. What is Marketing? 4. What is Marketed?

5. What is demand and its types?

Learning Objectives
6.What are some Core Marketing Concepts? 7.Describe Various marketing management philosophies?

1. Why do we need to learn Marketing ?

Can you sell these products Easily ?

How about these products?

How about them ? Can you Market them?

How about Their films ?

Why Marketing for cooperatives and Coop Products ?

Why Study Marketing?

Plays an important role in society Vital to business survival, profits and growth Offers career opportunities

Affects your life every day

Why Study Marketing?

Why Study Marketing?

1/4th to 1/3rd of the entire civilian workforce in the india performs marketing activities Fastest route up the corporate ladder

Marketing Research Advertising Retail Buying

Distribution Management
Product Management Product Development Wholesaling

Why Study Marketing?

Half of every rupee spent by consumers pays for marketing costs

Become a better-informed consumer

2. What is Market and its types?

What is a market?
Market ( Market place) A physical place where buyers and sellers gather to exchange goods and services

Types of markets
Consumer

Nonprofit government

markets

Business

Global

1.Consumer Market Consists of all individuals or house holds who buy or acquire offerings for personal usage. 2.Industrial/Business Market Consists of buyers who purchase or acquire offerings for resell or reproduction to earn profit 3.Global Market/International markets. Import, export etc. 4.Non Profit & Government Markets

3.What is Marketing?

What is Marketing?

Personal Selling? Advertising?

Making products available in stores?

What is Marketing?
American Marketing Association Definition
Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational goals.

Kotlers Defination
The Art & Science of choosing Kotlers defination: target markets and getting, keeping and growing customers through creating, delivering and communicating superior customer value

4.What is Marketed?

GOODS

PERSONS

PROPERTIES

SERVICES

ORG,SATIONS
MARKETING

EXPERIENCES PLACES EVENTS

INFORMATION

IDEAS

What is Marketed?
Basically 10 types of entities are being marketed.

Goods Consumer goods, industrial goods Services Intangible offerings of people or organizations Experiences Tourism, Recreation, adventure Events Anniversaries, shows, testimonials Persons Marketing one's self e.g. celebrities, politicians, artists etc.

Places Cities, states, regions, historical places, tourism Properties Intangible rights of ownership either real property (real estates) or financial property ( stocks & bonds). Organizations Firms, Universities, museums. Information News, views like encyclopedias news papers etc. Ideas New ideas/research about production, services, advertisement etc.

You can market only if there is demand for them:::

5. What is Demand?

NEGATIVE

NO DEMAND

LATENT DEMAND DEMAND STATES

DECLINING DEMAND

DEMAND STATES
IRREGULAR DEMAND FULL DEMAND OVERFULL DEMAND Unwholesome demand

1.Negative Demand consumer dislike product and may even pay a price to avoid it. The marketing task is to analyze why the market dislike product and adopt the strategy to change the attitude of consumer. 2.No Demand consumer may be unaware or uninterested In product. The marketing task is to find ways to connect the benefits of the product with the persons natural needs and interests. 3.Latent Demand Want of consumers exist but not marketing offer to satisfy need. The marketing task is to measure the size of potential market and develop good and services to satisfy that want.

4.Declining Demand Consumers begin to buy the product less frequently or not at all. Marketing task is to reverse declining demand through creative marketing. 5.Irregular demand Variations in demand on seasonal, daily or even hourly bases. The marketing task called Synchromarketing is to find the ways to alter the pattern of demand through flexible pricing, promotion and other incentives. 6.Full Demand supply= demand. The marketing task is to maintain the pattern of demand

7. Overfull Demand Demand level is high as compare to organizational production capacity. Marketing task is called demarketing is to find ways to reduce demand temporarily or permanently.

8. Unwholesome Demand Consumers may be attracted to products that have undesirable social consequences. The marketing task is to organize activities eg. Fear messages, price hikes or reduced availability.

6.What are some Core Marketing Concepts?

The Concept of Exchange

Necessary Conditions for Exchange

Exchange involves obtaining a desired product from someone by offering something in return.

A person can obtain a product by 4 ways Self Produce By Force Beg Exchange ( Core of Marketing ) Transaction A trade of values between two or more parties, involves at least two things of value, agreed-upon conditions, a time of agreement, and a place of agreement. Transfer A gives something to B but doesnt receive anything tangible in return.

Important definations

Marketer is a some one who is seeking a response (attention,a purchase, a vote, a donation) from another party called prospect. Prospects means future potential buyer

Need, Wants, and Demand

Need Basic human requirement Want Need becomes want when it is directed to specific object that satisfies need. Demand want for specific product backed by purchasing power.

Market ( Market place) A physical place where buyers and sellers gathered to exchange to exchange goods. Market Space exchange of goods without physical market (digital, Virtual) e.g. eCommerce, internet etc.

Target Market People/place for whom seller designs his particular offering. Segmentation Division of market in small groups keeping on any base (Purchasing power, age, social values etc.)
Metamarket refers to a cluster of complementary goods and services that are closely related in the minds of consumers but are spread across a diverse set of industries.

Customer Value
It is ratio between what consumer gets & what he gives
Value = Benefits / Costs

Total Customer value Product value Service Value

Customer Delivered Value

Total Customer Cost Monetary cost Time cost

Personal value
Image value

Energy cost
Psychic cost

Customer Satisfaction
The feeling that a product has met or exceeded the customers expectations. Its related with how well the product performance lives up to customers expectation.

Relationship Marketing
Maintaining satisfying and
Long term relationship With customers, partners,

Suppliers and other channel members.

Relationship Marketings Importance

Attracting a new customer may be TEN TIMES the cost of keeping an old customer

7. What are Various Marketing philosophies?

product

Selling
Competing Concepts

Production
MARKETING SOCIETAL MARKETING

Marketing Management Philosophies

Product Concept

Competing Philosophies

Selling Concept

Marketing Concept

1.Production Concept holds that consumers

will prefer products that are widely available and inexpensive. Therefore, management should focus on improving production and distribution efficiency.

Focused on high production efficiency, low cost and mass distribution.

Poor quality, no customer market. satisfaction, narrowly focused

2.Product Concept holds that consumers will favor products that offer the most in quality, performance, and innovative features. Thus, an organization should devote energy to make continuous product improvements. A General Motors executive said years ago: How can the public know what kind of car they want until they see what is available?

But A new or improved product will not necessarily be successful unless the product is priced, distributed, advertised and sold properly

Product oriented companies often design products with no or very little consumer input. They give more importance to products rather then consumers.

3. The Selling Concept holds that consumers will not buy enough of the firms products unless it uses a large-scale selling and promotion effort. The concept is typically practiced with unsought goods those that buyers do not normally think of buying, such as insurance or blood donations, encyclopedias, fund-raisers, college admissions offices and by specially political parties etc.

Coca-colas VP said The purpose of marketing is to sell more stuff to more people more often for more money in order to make more profit.
Their aim is to sell what they make rather than make what the market wants

4. The Marketing Concept holds that achieving organizational goals depends on knowing the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired satisfactions better than competitors do. Under the marketing concept, customer focus and value are the paths to sales and profits.

Marketing concept is a customer-centered sense and respond philosophy. It views marketing not as hunting, but as gardening. The job is not to find the right customers for your product, but the right products for your customers

The marketing concept starts with a well-defined market, focuses on customer needs, and integrates all the marketing activities that affect customers. In turn, it yields profits by creating long-term customer relationships based on customer value and satisfaction.

5. The Societal Marketing Concept holds that the organization should determine the needs, wants, and interests of target markets. It should then deliver superior value to customers in a way that maintains or improves the consumers and the societys well-being. It questions whether the pure marketing concept overlooks possible conflicts between consumer short-run wants and long-run welfare of consumer and society.

The fast food industry offers tasty but unhealthy food with high fats, salts starch. The products are wrapped in convenient packaging, but this leads to waste and pollution. Thus, in satisfying short-term consumer wants, the highly successful fast-food chains may be harming consumer health and causing environmental problems

6. Holistic Marketing Concept is based on development, design and implementation of marketing programs, processes and activities that recognizes their extent and interdependencies. It holds that everything matters" in marketing and a broad an integrated perspective is often necessary.

a.Relationship Marketing has aim to build mutually satisfying long-term relationship with key parties like customers, suppliers, distributors etc. for making a strong marketing network.
b.Integrated Marketing Activities to create, communicate and deliver value to customers through diversified set of integrated activities eg. 4 Ps of Marketing, communication mix, offering mix etc.

c. Internal Marketing It ensures that every one in the organization embraces appropriate marketing functions like sales force, advertising, customer service, product management, marketing research, hiring, pricing etc. c. Social Responsibility Marketing Understanding social, ethical, environmental & legal concern of society.

Traditional Organisational chart

TM

CUSTOMERS

MM

FRONT LINE PEOPLE MM Modern Organisational chart

FRONT LINE PEOPLE

TM

CUSTOMERS

Else is what?
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