“I have wandered all my life, and I have also

traveled; the difference between the two being

this, that we wander for distraction, but we travel
for fulfillment.”
Hilaire Belloc

REGION 6
(WESTERN
VISAYAS)
Prepraed By:
PEACHY ANN PADDAYUMAN-PARACAD, MSHM, LPT
Western Visayas, one of the regions of the Philippines, is
designated as Region VI. It consists of seven provinces, namely,
Aklan, Antique, Negros Occidental, Capiz, Guimaras, Iloilo and
Palawan and 17 cities making it the region with the most
number of cities. Hiligaynon, the main language, is spoken in
Negros Occidental, Guimaras, Capiz and some parts of Iloilo.
Kinaray-a is spoken in Antique and in other parts of Iloilo.
Aklanon is spoken in Aklan. Iloilo City is the regional center of
the region.

The center of regional office is in Iloilo City. Among the 16

cities in the region that make it as the region with the highest
number of cities, there are also 2 highly urbanized cities that
make this up: Bacolod City and the Iloilo City. All of the
provinces of Western Visayas (except Negros Occidental) are
also known as "The Piedmont of the Philippines".
Brief History

The Western Visayas region was created from Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras,
Iloilo and Negros Occidental by Presidential Decree No. 1 as part of the
Integrated Reorganisation Plan of President Ferdinand Marcos.

Languages
The languages native to the inhabitants of Western Visayas are:

Hiligaynon, spoken in Iloilo, Negros Occidental, Guimaras, and Capiz.

Capiznon, spoken in Capiz
Kinaray-a, spoken in Antique and parts of Iloilo, Capiz and Aklan.
Akeanon, spoken in Aklan.
Malaynon, spoken in Aklan.
Cebuano, spoken in the northern parts of Negros Occidental and its municipalities
and cities which are facing Tañon Strait towards Cebu.
Get To Know Aklan: The Beautiful Land of Atis
Regarded as to be the country’s oldest province, the written history of Aklan takes us back to the middle of the 13th
century when ten Bornean datus, together with their families, fled the oppressive rule of the Bornean king, Sultan
Makatunaw.
In search for freedom, new lands and better fortunes, they left Borneo’s shore on a flotilla of balangays (ships) sailing
northward. And one day, in 1250 (circa), they landed on the bank of the Sirwakan River near the present town of San
Joaquin, Iloilo. Immediately after, Datu Puti, the leader of the expedition, came in contact with the Atis, the black-
skinned, pygmy aborigines of Panay Island. The Ati king named Marikudo and his queen, Maniwang-tiwang,
welcomed the newcomers. Datu Puti asked Marikudo if the latter’s people would be willing to move into the
hinterlands and mountains in favor of the newcomers.

An agreement was reached. The price for the land was a gold saduk (wide-brimmed helmet), a chain of pure gold
necklace, and some gifts consisting of colored clothes, decorated arms, and fanciful trinkets. The historic sale (Barter
of Panay) was sealed by a sumptuous banquet attended by both the Atis and the Bornean peoples, and everybody had
a joyous celebration – feasting, dancing and singing. The celebration is commemorated every year, during the
blooming season of mangoes, or at about the same time of the year when the purchase was consummated. In later
years, when the Ati descendants of Marikudo withdrew to the mountains, the settlers chose to perpetuate the
celebration. In the absence of the Atis, some of the settlers smeared themselves with soot to simulate the Atis. Thus,
from then on, the celebration that has withstood the tests of centuries came to be known as the Ati-atihan Festival.
The island of Panay was divided into three “sakups” (districts): Irong-Irong (now Iloilo) under Datu Paiburong;
Hantik (now Antique) under Datu Sumakwel; and Aklan (what was then Aklan and Capiz combined) under Datu
Bangkaya. These three “sakups” were united for mutual protection against enemy attacks into one confederation
called “Confederation of Madyaas” under the overlordship of Datu Sumakwel who was the oldest and wisest of the
ten Bornean datus.
April 14, 1901 – Don Natalio B. Acevedo, Aklan
delegation head, presented the first memorial for the
separation of Aklan from Capiz to the Junta Magna
headed by Commissioner Dean C. Worcester; 1920:
Representatives Jose Alba Urquiola and Eufrosino Alba
of the second and third districts of Capiz, respectively,
presented a Bill for Aklan’s formal separation from
Capiz; 1925 to 1930: Representatives Manuel Laserna
and Teodulfo Suner from the third district of Capiz filed
a similar Bill. Subsequently, Dr. Rafael S. Tumbokon of
the same succeeded in securing the approval of the
Committee on Provincial and Municipal Governments
after the hearing, but was not able to push it through
due to time constraints.
The town is known for its famous island which is Boracay and the annual Ati-
atihan Festival celebrated every January. According to the Kalibo Sto. Niño Ati-
atihan Foundation, Inc. (KASAFI), the Kalibo Sto. Niño Ati-atihan Festival
recognized as “The Mother of All Philippine Festivals” originated in their
coastal province

The town is known for its famous island which is Boracay and the annual Ati-
atihan Festival celebrated every January. According to the Kalibo Sto. Niño Ati-
atihan Foundation, Inc. (KASAFI), the Kalibo Sto. Niño Ati-atihan Festival
recognized as “The Mother of All Philippine Festivals” originated in their
coastal province
occupies the northern third of the island of
Panay and is bordered by the provinces of Iloilo
from the south, Capiz from the east, and
Antique from the southwest. It also faces the
Sibuyan Sea from the north. The province
includes the island of Boracay which is located
at its northwestern tip.

The province boasts high geographic diversity,

ranging from white sandy beaches, mangroves,
and mountainous landscapes. It also boasts the
river Akean, which appears unique due to its
"boiling or frothing" appearance.
Aklan is composed of 17 municipalities,
namely, (geographically listed from
West to East) Buruanga, Malay, Nabas,
Ibajay, Tangalan, Makato, Numancia,
Lezo, Malinao, Madalag, Kalibo,
Banga, Balete, Libacao, New
Washington, Altavas and Batan. The
largest in land area being Libacao and
the smallest, Lezo. Each municipality
maintains a municipal government
whose seat is the barrio designated
Poblacion, and which carries the same
name as the entire municipality. Within
the province are 327 barrios, the largest
number being located in Ibajay, the
smallest number being located in
Balete.
Tourist Attractions
Ariel’s Point

Batason Point, or more commonly known

now as Ariel’s Point, was featured in 2014
as Boracay’s top tourist attraction. But
what people don’t know is that it isn’t
actually part of Boracay. This famous
diving spot is one of the tourist attractions
that belongs to the town of  Buruanga,
which is a completely different place.
Hinugtan Beach

Just a short boat ride away from Boracay

Island sits Hinugtan—an exclusive beach
with powder-fine white sand, towering
coconut trees, and a spectacular mountain
view. There are no fancy hotels but there
are nipa huts that you can rent for only
PHP200.
Pagatpat Mangrove
Park

Wrapped with a maze of mangroves is the

Pagatpat Mangrove Park in Barangay
Panilongan, Buruanga, Aklan. The place
has connected bamboo bridges where you
can stroll along, and admire the trees and
fishes below.
Hacienda Maria

a newly discovered eco-tourism

destination located in Sitio Sapsapon,
Brgy. Tigum, Buruanga, Aklan.  In order to
reach the place, you’ll have to hike two
kilometers up a steep mountain, and walk
a few more kilometers to tour the whole
area
JAWILI FALLS
This waterfall is definitely one of the most
unique in the country because of its natural
pools cascading to form a gigantic
limestone staircase. Spring water pours
from one basin to another, creating a series
of seven mini waterfalls along its wake.
Museo It Akean

showcases the rich and colorful culture

and heritage of Aklanons. The museum
boasts replicas of Sto. Niño carved in
wood and sculptures of Atis in festive
attire—evidence of their devotion to the
young Jesus and the province's vibrant
festivity.
WILLY’S
ROCK
Aklan’s Culture
Practices of the People:

– Celebrate the feast of the Sto. Nino every 3rd sunday of January.
– People used to join the procession of the carozzas during holy week.
– Search for the “Mutya ag lakan it Ati-atihan” as a pre-celebration for the Ati-
atihan festival.
– People used to go to church at dawn or “Simbang Gabi” during the Christmas
Season.
– People celebrate the Kalibo food festival.
– People commemorate the heroism of the 19 martyrs of aklan who consecrated
their lives in the cause of freedom against the colonizers.
Beliefs of the People

Long before the Ati-Atihan Festival was identified with the Sto. Niño, the Filipinos
share a common belief in the redemptive role of the Sto. Niño in the life of a
Christian.

The Diocesan Shrine of Kalibo dedicated to the Sto. Ninño becomes the center of

the faith of the Aklanos and devotees every third Sunday of January each year.
Various practices such as the palapak and the pahalik draw a multitude of faithful
and believers to the shrine to venerate the image of the Holy Child, who, over the
years, has become the image of God’s fatherly love to His children. The Holy
Child’s innocent image brought comfort to countless souls in search of repose and
solitude. And most of all, we, Filipinos have found refuge in the caring arms of a
child who holds the world in His hands.

The Sto. Ninño in his simplicity reminds us subtly that in order for us to go to
heaven, we must be like little children who are innocent from sin, oblivious to the
wicked ways of this temporal world, and full of hope and trust in God, the Father of
us all.
Paeapak and Sadsad: Aklan’s Healing Ritual and Merrymaking

In the midst of the festivities, the manifestation of Filipinos faith shows through the traditions that are still being
practiced. One of the traditions that even devotees away from Aklan look forward to every Ati-atihan Festival is the
“paeapak.”
For some non-Akeanon speakers, it is difficult for them to pronounce the word; they either prounounce it as 'pa-ya-
pak' or 'pa-la-pak.' 
Paepak is an age-old practice in Aklan at the Kalibo Cathedral. It is a distinct healing ritual of the miraculous Sr.
Sto. Niño de Kalibo for curing sickness and diseases that even caught the attention of devotees worldwide. The
ritual is started by kissing the small Sto. Niño image by the devotee, it is then pressed to the body part that he
wished to be healed. Some devotees also lined up to be blessed with good health and to ask for protection for
themselves and their family. Prayers are being whispered while the Sto. Niño image is being pressed or rubbed to
the body. The small image of the Sto. Niño is rubbed to important body parts such as the head, heart, back and
hands.
Paepak is also known as “pahilot.” Everyone is welcome to participate in the celebration, from the young ones up
to the 'young at heart.' It is recommended that you should experience this ritual that is held in front of the Kalibo
Cathedral.
The parade along the principal streets of Kalibo is joined joined by groups and individuals different schools and
colleges. This activity is called 'sadsad panaad' where everyone is encouraged to join by wearing colorful costumes
and bringing an image of Sto. Niño.
This festival dates back when the peace agreement between
early Negrito settlers and the Maraynons that came over from
Borneo was being commemorated. Therefore, participants
willingly blacken themselves with soot and put on colorful
tribal costumes. Nowadays, it is one of the most vibrant
celebrations honoring the Holy Child Jesus, Sto. Niño.
Hence, it is considered as the Filipino Mardis Gras. Known
to be “The Mother of all Philippine Festivals,” there are
many activities and events that people are looking forward to
during the week-long celebration. Some activities include the
Search for Mutya ag Lakan it Kalibo Ati-atihan, Aklan
Festivals Parade, Higante Contest and concluded every 3rd
Sunday of January with a High Mass to kick off the final day
of merrymaking and procession. The key activity and one of
the main reasons tourist travel many miles to Kalibo is the
native dance competitions of participating tribes in full gear
accompanied by primitive rhythm of drumbeats. More so,
what makes this festival more exciting is that everyone, not
only the competing groups, is allowed to crowd the principal
streets of Kalibo to dance nonstop for several days rejoicing
zealously to their religious vows.
eangkoga
TINU-OM
popular Aklan dish composed of a native
chicken which is sliced into small sized parts
and layered with chopped garlic, ginger, white
onions, lemon grass and tomatoes and
sprinkled with black pepper and salt. Sliced
pieces of potatoes are an optional addition.
The native chicken and the following
ingredients are then wrapped tightly in banana
leaves and then properly placed in a hot bowl
and then steamed into tasty doneness.
Suman sa ibos
Tinumkan
composed of freshwater crab or shrimp
that are cooked with coconut and are
wrapped in gabi leaves
Inubarang manok
one of the most popular Aklan food
specialty dish, it is a chicken cooked with
coconut milk and pieces of ubad, the pith
of a banana. 
Binakol
another Aklan chicken dish that is steamed
together with its own tasty juice cooked
over a flaming charcoal inside a bamboo.
The process of this cooking makes the
chicken absorb all aroma of the natural
way of cooking and provides a juicy
texture and rich taste that lingers on in the
mouth for quite a while after the whole
eating is done.
The Pre-Spanish natives of Antique had tribal government ruled by chieftains. They traded with
neighboring countries like China and Malaya. They had their civilization blended with Negrito,
Indonesian and Malay cultures enriched by cultural influence from India, China and Japan. It is believed
that the Spaniards found their way to Antique immediately after they established themselves in Oton,
Iloilo. The Antiquenos resisted the invasion but in the end accepted Spanish rule, Christianity, the Spanish
Colonial System and at the same time absorbed the social, cultural and educational system of the
Spaniards. Antique then was created into a politico-military province in 1780 with the town of Hamtik as
its first capital. In 1796, Antique, then known as Provincia de Bugason was given an independent status as
a province. Later, the provincial government was established in Bugasong but was transferred to San Jose
de Buenavista where it has remained since then. Later on, the Antiquenos became tired of Spanish rule.
They joined other Filipinos in their determination to have national independence which was established in
Malolos, Bulacan on January 23, 1899 when Spanish rule in the Philippines was overthrown by the
Americans. But this revolutionary government ended on April 19, 1901, with the capture of Gen. Emilio
Aguinaldo and his taking oath of allegiance to theUnited States of America.
The Antiquenos enjoyed the noble policy of American occupation because self-government was
given to them. During this period of our history, our political leaders joined in the achievement of
Philippine Independence as promised by the Jones Law. The Tydings-McDuffie Law was passed by
the United States Congress which provided for a ten-year transition period under the
Commonwealth of thePhilippines. Hence, a constitutional convention was called to draft the
constitution of thePhilippines. Antiquenos elected the late Ramon Maza and the late Angel Salazar
Sr. as their Con-con delegate in 1934. The Commonwealth lived until the Japanese Occupation.
Antique experienced many untold hardships during the Japanese Occupation. Many Antiqenos
evacuated to the mountains and joined the guerilla movement. The Japanese stayed nearly four
years. Out of the ashes of the Pacific War emerged the Republic of thePhilippines. Manuel Roxas
was the last President of the Commonwealth and the first President of the Republic. Atty. Emigdio
Nietes was Antique’s first Congressman under the Republic. Antique was able to produce the most
powerful congressman in the Philippines in the name of Tobias A. Fornier who held the position of
the Chairman of House Committee on Appropriations. From this time on, a lot of things occured
and changed in the province.
Antique is one of the provinces found in Western Visayas
region of the Philippines. It is one of the four provinces
that occupy Panay Island, along with Aklan, Capiz, and
Iloilo. In history, the province’s name was a derivative of
the native word “hantique”, which means large red ants.
Geographically, Antique is profiled like an ordinary
seahorse; an oversized serrated hemline bordering a three-
cornered scarf-like land mass(the panay island). The
prevailing tropical climate is loved by many vacationers
and tourist, especially those coming from cold countries.

The people of Antique are known to be very hospitable

and warm. They would always extend assistance to guests
and visitors. They are seafaring, just like most of their
Panay neighbors. Because Antiquenos have been isolated
from Panay dwellers by long mountain ranges, they have
develop and used their own distinct language they call
kinaray-a. The catholic church holds a strong influence
on the province’s culture, architecture, and norms. Local
churches have always been regarded as vanguard
structures that shield its people from untoward external
influences.
Agriculture is the main industry in the province. Rice is particularly its primary
crop. Antique has its own fishery, livestock, and poultry sectors. Its main
products that ar shipped out of the province to other centers in the country
include rice, muscavado sugar, fruits and vegetables, copra, amd seawees. It
also exports manufactured items and handicrafts. There are a handful mining
facilities that exploit mineral rrsources in the province ike marble, coal, gold,
gemstones, and limestone.
Antique is a province in the Philippines
situated in the Western Visayas region
occupying the western section of
the Visayas. Its capital is the
Municipality of San Jose de Buenavista.
Enjoy a Kawa Hot Bath

If you want to have a unique experience,

dip into the hot waters of a kawa hot bath.
This relaxing activity helps your body
revitalize after a day of exploring the
province’s attractions. You can find the
bathing spot in Tibiao. There is also a fish
spa if you’re interested in dipping your
feet in it as well.
Mararison Island

If you’re looking for an uncrowded beach

and island destination, Mararison is the
place to go. It’s rolling hills and sweeping
bird’s eye views are simply stunning. Its
azure waters will entice you to swim and
its idyllic atmosphere lets you forget all
your worries. You have the option to go as
a day trip or spend the night on the island.
Rice Terraces of
Antique

Antique has its own version of the rice

terraces you’ll see in some parts of
Northern Luzon. Go on a leisurely hike to
get beautiful views of the terraces. Your
jump-off point to this attraction is the
village of General Fullon.
a remote attraction that takes a
couple of hours to reach.
However, those that make the trip
are rewarded with a stunning,
bone-white sand shore and
aquamarine waters surrounding it.
Its remoteness is part of its appeal
and charm. There are few people
going because of its distance.
Laze on the beach, go swimming,
sunbathe or go kitesurfing during
your visit.
 See the Largest
Flower in the World

You don’t have to travel to another country

to see this rare flower, you can see the
Rafflesia or corpse flower in Antique!
Unlike in Malaysia, you can easily get a
glimpse of the Rafflesia without much
hiking. The site to see this is at San
Remigio, near a paved road. It’s only a few
minutes’ walk away.
Malumpati Cold Spring

After a hot day of exploring, you’d surely

want to cool off. A dip in Malumpati Cold
Spring is just what you need. Relax and let
your body revitalize itself in the waters.
There are huts nearby for you to chill and
do nothing in before visiting the
province’s other attractions.
Manggad Kang Antique:
History, Culture and the
Antiqueños
The Art of Buri Handicraft making | In the next town of Tobias Fornier, Antiqueños created its own
trademark and artistic skills long before the Spanish colonizers came into the area. The women of Diclum
Buri Handicraft Association make their livelihood by making an old fashioned way of buri handicrafts.
The tradition of Buri- making still lives on and is still the primary attractions in town of Tobias Fornier.

Lambaklad fishing is just part of the Tibiao Adventures conceptualized and operated by Mr. Flord Nicson
Calawag to promote Tibiao’s tourism. Digging deeper into the culture that is uniquely Antique is the more
contemporary unique way of fishing called the Lambaklad fishing, where fishermen catch their fishes
through dance-like movements. Almost all participants tried to catch up as they tried to be a Lambaklad
fishers for a moment.

Pottery and brick-making in Bandoja has become such an important industry in the province of Antique
from first-class bricks, of a quality suitable to be sold in any markets within the area. In addition, locals
have mastered the brickmaking trade—by making the traditional  bricks by hand. The quaint town of Laua-
an was also visited by our group. Laua-an is certainly the place to visit for a hand-made bamboo crafts
and the sweetest muscovado.

Pang luy-a (ginger) ritual - Maaram or local faith healers perform a traditional blessings upon arrival of
guests.
One of the famous tradition in Antique is the celebration of their
festivals. Antique celebrates its province-wide annual fiesta
called Biinirayan Festival. “Binirayan” literally means “where
they sailed to”. It is also a remembrance of the ten bornean
datus who settled in such place in the early 15th century.
Antiqueños always felt the need to be reunited and to get
together every year in the celebration and remembramce of such
history
Food Delicacies
HINANGGUP
Hinanggup is a Hiligaynon word which
means “Soaked in salt and water” and this
is what exactly this dish is, a Karay-a dish
of flaked broiled fish and/or fried dried
anchovies, sliced onions, spring onions,
tomatoes, and salt simply cooked in
boiling water, usually served with
sinangag or kalo-kalo.
Porbida
- "a Brgy. Imparayan, Sibalom, specialty of
chicken cutlets boiled in gata (coconut
milk), soured by alupidan (garlic vine)
leaves, yellowed with annatto powder,
and spiced with chili peppers"
Carne Frita
a version of Bistek
Linapwahan
sweetish broth of vegetables (malunggay,
young papaya, saluyot, okra, alugbati,
squash, string beans, ampalaya, eggplant,
kulitis) or vegetables with seafood (fresh
water shrimps, river crabs, dried shrimp
fry, dried anchovies, pinakas dried fish)
boiled with tomatoes and onions, plus a
little ginamus (shrimp paste or fish sauce)
or salt
Binabak
pounded river shrimp "steamed with
young coconut meat and ginger and
wrapped in banana leaves;" Antique's
version of pinangat
Butong-butong 
a "soft, chewy and elastic" candy
stick/cane; a version of Tira-tira made
from sugarcame molasses, calamansi
juice, and sesame seeds
dubbed as the "Seafood Capital of the
Philippines", boasting its 80-kilometer coastline
and wide expanse of swampy lands easily
converted into fishponds. It holds one of the
richest fishing grounds and a major contributor in
the aquamarine industry of the Philippines.
HISTORY
Capiz became the second Spanish settlement after Cebu when Captain Diego de Artienda,
sent by Legaspi landed in the town of Pan-ay and proclaimed it the capital of the province.
The capital was then moved to the present location of Roxas City.

Folk history recorded in the Maragtas by Pedro Monteclaro says ten Bornean datus landed at
a site now known as San Joaquin town in Iloilo province. They purchased Panay Island from
the Aeta, cultivated the land, and renamed the island Madya-as. They divided it into three
communities: Irong-irong, Akean (which includes the Capiz area), and Hamtik.
It is said that in Capiz in 1570, the Datu Bankaya’s wife of the Aklan district gave birth to
twin daughters. Twin is "Kapid" in the local dialect, so the Spaniards adopted the name Capiz
(Kapid) as inadvertently miscommunicated to them by the natives.
Capiz, which was part of Aklan in pre-Spanish times, was one of the early settlements of the
Malays, centuries before the coming of the Spaniards to the Philippines. It was part of the
Confederation of Madjaas, formed after the purchase of Panay by the Bornean datus from the
Negrito king named Marikudo.
When the Spaniards led by Miguel López de Legazpi came to Panay from Cebu in 1569,
they found people with tattoos, and so they called it Isla de los Pintados. How the island
itself came to be called Panay is uncertain. The Aeta called it Aninipay, after a plant that
abounded in the island. Legend has it that López de Legazpi and his men, in search of food,
exclaimed upon the island, pan hay en esta isla!. So they established their first settlement in
the island at the mouth of the Banica River in Capiz and called it Pan-ay. This was the
second Spanish settlement in the Philippines, the first being San Miguel, Cebu.

In the same year of 1569 Captain ('Capitan') Diego de Artieda who was sent by Legaspi
landed in the Town of Panay and proclaimed it as the capital of the province. Later, they
moved the Capital to its present site upon discovering the town of Capiz (not the province,
and now Roxas City) which was near the sea and provided docking facilities.
In 1942, the region was occupied by the Japanese troops. In 1945,
the region was liberated by the joint Filipino and American troops
with Filipino guerrillas from the defeated Japanese Imperial forces
during Second World War.

Capiz and Aklan were united under one province until April 25,
1956, when President Ramon Magsaysay signed into law Republic
Act 1414 separating the two entities.
Its capital is the City of
Roxas 
Capiz is home to the eponymous Capiz shell (Placuna Placenta) locally
known pi-os. That is why it is not surprising to see an abundance of locally-
crafted Capiz shell products for sale here. This largely uncharted province in
Western Visayas is oozing with immaculate beaches, majestic caves and
mouth watering seafood.
Manuel Roxas Shrine
His house is recognized as a National
Historical Shrine. It is well-preserved and
has some interesting stories to tell about
the man himself. Take pictures and learn
more about the man who grew up to
become one of the leaders of the country.
Baybay Beach is near Roxas City and is
accessible by public transport. This
destination is popular with both visitors
and locals.
Sta. Monica Church and the
Big Bell

The Visayas doesn’t seem to run out of

beautiful old churches, and the Sta. Monica
Church also known as Pan-ay Church is one
of those beauties. This baroque-influenced
Spanish era structure is now a National
Historical Landmark because of its
significance. Go inside to make an offering,
say a short prayer for your loved ones and –
if you’re here during a Sunday – stay for
mass.
 Olotayan Island

After exploring the attractions in the city

and nearby towns, get on a boat and
travel to Olotayan Island. This idyllic
beach getaway has a whitish shore,
swaying coconut trees and azure waters –
all of which make for a chill and relaxing
day out. Go swimming, get a tan, have a
friendly conversation with locals, play
volleyball or just go exploring.
Mantalinga Island
Capiz and the Sulod
Tribe
"Capiznon" refers to both the people of Capiz and the language they speak. The word
"Capiznon" is derived from the word kapis, which means a marine mollusk abundant
in the region used to construct traditional windows, handicrafts, and decorations. The
Capizeños, as they are also known, are concentrated in the northeastern part of Panay
Island whose capital is Roxas City. They speak an Austronesian language that is part of
the Visayan language family and sometimes includes Waray and Aklanon words. The
Capiznons' primary sources of income are fishing and farming, with rice, sugarcane,
and coconut as their major agricultural products.

The current population in Capiz is more than half a million people (POPCEN 2015).
Modern-day Capiznons are a mixture between Chinese, Malay, and Spanish descent.
The islands' early inhabitants were Aytas (locally called Ati), Indonesian descendants
of the Mundo tribe in central Panay, and the Malays. Capiz is closely associated with
Aklan. In fact, the two provinces were jointly called Aklan under the leadership of
Datu Bankaya, one of the ten chieftains who settled in Panay during the 13th century.
The province was ruled by the descendants of Datu Bankaya until the arrival of the
Spaniards in 1569.
The Sulod is a fascinating tribe in the interior mountains of Capiz, particularly in the
municipality of Tapaz. They are indigenous people generally referred to in Panay as
Bukidnon. They are descendants of the Mundo tribe, an Indonesian ethnic group that
migrated from Mainland Asia and lived in the mountains of Panay for centuries. Due to the
derogatory connotation of the word Mundo, their tribe came to be known as the Bukidnons,
then eventually as the Sulod, which literally means "closet" or “room.” They have a unique
set of traditions and way of life.

A unique cultural practice among the Sulod people is the keeping of binukot, beautiful
women kept in closed rooms. They are forbidden from exposure to sunlight and remains in
darkness from childhood until the day of their engagement. Binukot women are excellent
epic chanters. A chanting can last more than thirty hours. It is in this tribe that the famous
epic of Panay called "Hinilawod" came from. It is an oral folklore portraying the Sulod
people as well as their sacred rites and healing rituals. It takes up to three days to share its
entire story. In the olden days, the binukot women chant and dance under the moonlight to
guarantee a plentiful harvest.
Similar to other Philippine ethnic groups in remote areas, the lack
of support and interest, as well as the tribes’ assimilation with the
lowlands (especially by the younger generations) have caused the
gradual disappearance of such practices from the tribe. Today,
some of them have still preserved parts of their culture, such as
their oral literature and language. The government has also taken
measures to preserve the tribe’s traditional customs in recent years.
CAPIZtahan Festival

The city was named after the late Manuel A. Roxas,

the first Filipino president of the third Republic who
was born in the same city.
In honor of him, the locals from Capiz hold an annual
festival on April 13th to 15th to commemorate the
anniversary of his death. The festival is called
“CAPIZtahan,” playing with the words Capiz and
kapistahan (festivities). CAPIZtahan also marks the
founding anniversary of the civil government of Capiz.
Every year, all the 16 municipalities of the province
work together to organize several events for the locals.
Capiz Best
Delicacies
Uga or dried fish
ne of the Capiz Best Delicacies and a
major product of the province of Capiz
considering that it is blessed with miles
and miles of rich coasts. T
 Alimango or Crab
one of the Capiz Best Delicacies, It's too
expensive to buy this kind of Capiz
Delicacies but it's too delicious if you eat it
 Diwal or Angel wings
one of the tourist-drawers of the city and
the much sought-after delicacy is partly
responsible for its recognition as the
country’s “seafood capital.”
Barquillos
Pinasugbo
Iloilo is a province of the Philippines, located in the
center of the Philippine archipelago. The province
comprises the southeastern part of Panay Island with
island-province of Guimaras just across its coast. The
capital city of the province of Iloilo is the City of Iloilo,
which is also one of the major urban centers in the
Philippines. It is nicknamed “the Heart of the
Philippines”.
Iloilo has always been one of the country’s most important provinces. Merchants from China and
India have long traded with the Ilonggos even before the Spaniards came; evidences of this
flourishing civilization are displayed in Museums and Private Galleries. Even during the Spanish
and American colonial period, Iloilo still proved to be an important trading post. Iloilo has a
beautiful harbor with serene and calm waters, safe for navigation because it is protected from the
open sea by scenic Guimaras Island. This excellent port facility made Iloilo the center of trade at
the turn of the century, with the whole world doing business in this port especially during the
heyday of the sugar industry. In fact, Iloilo was given the title of “Queen City of the South” for
being the Philippine’s second city, after Manila.

Iloilo takes pride in being the Food basket and Rice Granary of the Region owing to its fertile lands
and seas that yield plentiful harvest. Rice is the major crop in the province of Iloilo. Fish and
marine products are considered the main source of livelihood in the southern and northern Iloilo.
Tourists will find many restaurants offering a gastronomic treat of fresh sea foods and famous
Ilonggo dishes such as La Paz Batchoy, Chicken Inasal, and Pancit Molo.
People and Language

People from Iloilo are called Ilonggos. They are known for their charm and
sweetness that comes from the musical to nation of their dialect, Hiligaynon.
You would not be able to tell if an Ilonggo is mad at you by the way they
speak, which always sounds like someone crooning a love song to
you. Kiniray-a, which is a dialect very similar to Hiligaynon is used in Iloilo’s
country sides. English and Tagalog are also widely spoken and understood
especially in urban areas.
 History

ILOILO takes its name from Irong-Irong, the old name of the city of Iloilo, a
tongue of land that sticks out like a nose on the south of Iloilo River.
The Maragtas Legend tells the story of Iloilo way back in the 13th century,
when Datu Puti and his fellow Datus, fled from the tyranny of Sultan
Makatunao of Borneo and landed at the mouth of the Siwaragan River, now
known as the town of San Joaquin, and eventually settled there.

At that time, people called the "Atis", who were ruled by King Marikudo and
Queen Maniwangtiwang, inhabited Panay. King Marikudo bartered the
lowlands of Panay Island for a golden hat, "saduk", and a long gold necklace,
"manangyad", and other assorted gifts to the Bornean Datus. The latter then
took complete control of the island with the "Atis" retiring to the mountains. It
was Datu Paiburong who was assigned in Irong-Irong. Panay Island was ruled
under the Code of Kalantiao, where peace and prosperity reigned for 300
years. But this was disrupted when the Spaniards came and established the
provincial government.
As early as 1855, Iloilo opened to the world of trade and became the biggest port in the
Philippines and premier province of the country because of various economic activities.
Municipio de Iloilo became a city under the Becerra Law in 1893.

When the Philippine Revolution started, Panay uprising against the Spaniards was led
by Gen. Martin Delgado of Sta. Barbara, who liberated all the towns, except Iloilo City,
Molo, and Jaro. December 28, 1898 marked the arrival of the Americans at the Iloilo port,
and on April 11, 1901, Iloilo City whose status has reverted to municipality, became the
chief port and trading center of Panay and Negros. Because it progressed steadily,
the Commonwealth Act No. 158 incorporated the surrounding towns of Lapaz, Jaro,
Mandurriao and Arevalo to form Iloilo City and was finally inaugurated on Aug. 25, 1937,
and was dubbed as the "Queen City of the South". Gen. Martin Delgado became the first
governor of the province of Iloilo.

The Japanese occupation started on April 16, 1942. The Panay Guerilla Movement, the
first resistance group in the Philippines, continued fighting the Japanese Imperial Army
even before the American Liberation of Panay on July 4, 1946.
The Province of Iloilo occupies
the southern and
northeastern portion of Panay
Island. Its' boundaries are:
Province of Capiz and Jintotolo
Channel in the North; the
Guimaras Strait in the South;
the Panay Gulf and Iloilo Strait
in the East and the Province of
Antique in the West.

Its capital city, Iloilo City, was

dubbed as Luy muy leal y noble
Ciudad (the most loyal and gentle
city) by Queen Maria Cristina of
Spain.
Iloilo Tourist Spots
Islas de Gigantes

the most famous Iloilo tourist spot with its

secret caves and lagoons, fantastic
beaches, and gastronomic seafood lunch
buffets!
Bantigue Island

Head to the surreal Bantigue Island and its

amazingly long sandbar.
Antonia Beach

This beach in Iloilo has vast boulders on its

shores. If you look a little closer, you’ll see
the boulders’ erosion lines that make
them look like sandwiches piled on top of
each other.
That’s why the island is also called The
Sandwich Island
Tinagong Dagat

It used to be called Isla Bonita, but it was

changed to Tinagong Dagat, which means
“hidden beach.” This secluded beach is
dubbed as the Little Boracay of Iloilo since
Boracay Island is the most famous white-sand
island beach destination in the Philippines.
Tinagong Dagat is a secluded beach with fine,
powdery, white sand, crystal clear waters, and
big stones that are perfect for small cliff
jumping.
Tangke Saltwater
Lagoon

This is another social media-famous Iloilo tourist

spot. The word tangke means tank. The locals
call it such because of the gap between two large
boulders, which form an opening during low tide.
You can visit this hidden, natural saltwater
lagoon and swim in its clear, shallow waters.
Locals believe that the deep pool is the home of
engkantos (mythical environmental spirits).
Tourists are often told to keep the noise level and
activities at minimum to not disturb the minds.
MOLO Church
The province of Iloilo is filled with
historical and ancestral homes that show
travelers a glimpse of how the wealthy
families lived back then as well as
centuries-old churches that survived
natural and human-made disasters.
Miagao Church

Miagao Church along Zulueta Avenue in

Miagao is probably the most visually
appealing, age-old church in the province
of Iloilo. Also known as the Church of
Saint Thomas of Villanova, its
construction was completed in 1797.
MOLO mansion
This prominent mansion belonged to a noble
and wealthy family in Iloilo. Built-in the
1920s, the Yusay-Consing Mansion, which is
commonly known as the Molo Mansion, was
once thought to be beyond repair.
But today, it’s open to the public as a
heritage attraction. Spend an afternoon here
and marvel at the details of Filipino colonial
architecture.
Calle real
Calle Real is one of Iloilo’s busiest and most iconic
streets. It’s a highly photographed historic building in
the city of Iloilo, and you’ve probably seen it in some
travel magazines.
Also known as J.M. Basa Street, here you’ll find a lineup
of Spanish-era and Commonwealth buildings with some
dating back to the 1800s.
People sometimes call it Heritage Street because the
province's elite families once inhabited most of the
buildings and homes here. It is easily accessible by
jeepneys, and the majority of the tours in Iloilo include
this stopover.
THE ILONGOS
CUSTOMS AND
TRADITIONS
ABOUT THE BIRTH

The coming of a child in an Ilongo family is usually an important and welcome event. Certain precautions are followed to insure
the safe delivery of the child. Among these are as follows;

1. The members of the family see to it that all the wishes of an expectant mother are granted. They are careful not to displace
the mother for fear that she might give birth prematurely.

2. The mother is cautioned not to make fun nor look at people with certain physical handicaps because this might happen to
her unborn child.

3. The mother-to-be is not allowed to eat foods with black color to avoid having a child who is dark complexioned.

4. The newly-born child should be rocked to and form so he will grow-up to be brave.

5. The placenta should also be buried together with a book on music arithmetic and readings so that the child will be well
versed in all these subjects.

6. The placenta should be placed inside as earthen jar and buried with it. This will curb the child's adventurous spirit. He will not
go to far away places and will surely return to his hometown in his old age.

7. When a child is being delivered at the height of lightening and thunder, it is believed that the child will grow up to be brave,
courageous and intelligent.

8. A child born at daybreak will be cool-headed patient, hardworking but will posses a weak spirit and cowardice.

9. A child born between seven or eight o'clock in the evening will be brave and domineering.
ABOUT THE BAPTISM

Baptism is a catholic religious ritual observed by the catholic parents of a new born child. The
following are some practices the Ilongos follow in connection with baptism

1. The parents select the godparents very carefully so that child will take after the good character
traits of the godparents.

2. The parents choose the priest or the minister to baptize the child.

3. It is the parental privilege to give the name to their child.

4. The child should be baptized after the first week or not later than the third month after birth. If a
child dies without the benefit of baptism his soul will go to purgatory. This is according to catholic
belief.

5. Baptismal parties are held after the baptism to ensure the child's success in any future
undertaking.

6. It is common practice by godparents to give a certain amount of money to the child for his financial
security. The money must either be invested in business or spent for the child's welfare.

7. The parents and godparents of the child develop an almost brotherly relationship. They fondly call
each other as compadre and comadre.
ABOUT THE MARRIAGE

The marriage is solemnized by a minister of the church or by the justice of

the peace court. On the eve of the wedding day, a dance is held at the house
of the bride-to-be. The expenses for the wedding dress, church rites and
wedding reception are shouldered by the groom and his family. After the
wedding, the married couple kiss the hands of the elders to receive their
blessings. The wedding ceremony is later followed by the wedding party. The
parents and visitors presents such as furniture, utensils, dishes, and beddings
to the newlyweds. During the party, the bride and the bridegroom are asked
to dance on the mat. While dancing, the guest throw money to the bride
and groom. The money the couple picks up serves as additional fits. After the
wedding, some parents allow the newlyweds to stay with them until they are
able to save and stand on their own.
ABOUT THE DEATH AND BURIAL

The death and burial of a person is a community affair. Relatives and

friends offer help to the relatives of the dead person in the form of
money and service. Friends and relatives attend the wake and offer
prayers for the dead man's soul. During the wake, the family refrains
from bathing and sweeping the floor for fear that another person will
die. The family wears lack for one year as a sign of mourning.
The family and friends of the deceases accompany the dead during the
funeral. Some carry the coffin while others stay behind to prepare
food. After the burial, the family invites those who joined the funeral
partake of foods then prepared. After the burial the family offers
prayers to the dead or a nine-day novena. The host provided a big
feast on the third and ninth day of novena. This is a catholic beliefs.
SUPERSTITIOUS BELIEFS

The Ilongos are also influenced by many superstitious beliefs as follows;

1. Bananas should be planted after eating a full meal so that the fruits will become big and full.

2. They offer prayers to the saint to give them rain after the prayers, the image is brought to the beach and dipped in
the water.

3. Before they harvest crops in the farm they offer foods and prayer.

BELIEFS RELATED TO HOUSE BUILDING.

1. It is a bad luck for a house to have 13 post.

2. Stairs of houses should face the east to bring in good luck.

3. Move into a new either on a Wednesday or Saturday.

4. Bring first salt, rice before moving into the house.

THE ILONGOS

The Ilongos of Iloilo and some province of West Visayas live in houses made
of wood, nipa, cogon or coconut leaves. Sawali or split bamboos is used for
their walls. The floors are made of inch-wide split bamboos nailed to bigger cut
bamboos.

Ilongos are very hospitable, they always provide for their guest comfort and
ease at their own expenses. They also very gentle in their ways that their
quarrels do not see like ones. Since time is not important to the Ilongos; they
take life as it comes. 

The art of the Ilongos is depicted in their lovely woven hablon materials and
embroidered designs on robes of priest and children's wear.
4th week of January — Iloilo’s biggest
religious and cultural festival. It is held
in honor of Senyor Santo Niño (the child
Jesus) and to commemorate the arrival
of Malay settlers in Panay.

Dinagyang is a word from the Ilonggo-

dialect which roughly translated means "to
celebrate and have fun." This is one of the
many festivals held in honor of the Holy
Child, just like the Ati-Atihan of Aklan and
the Sinulog of Cebu.
DELICACIES
 BATCHOY

Iloilo’s most famous culinary contribution!

A serving of egg noodles called miki, topped
with generous amounts of fried garlic, crushed
chicharon (crispy fried pork skin), scallions,
slivers of pork meat, intestines, and liver, and for
the finishing touch–a spoonful of bone marrow.
The secret to the dish is in the buto-buto broth,
which is slow-cooked for hours with beef, pork,
and bulalo mixed with local guinamos (shrimp
paste) for flavoring.
NATIVE LECHON
MANOK
The charcoal-roasted native chicken
called “daraag” is marinated in vinegar
and calamansi then stuffed with
lemongrass and sampalok leaves.
It’s crisped to a golden brown, with a very
flavorful and slightly sour taste from the
marinade. Native chicken is known to
have a gamey taste and stringy texture
because it’s leaner with less fat.
TALABA
 PANCIT MOLO

Pancit Molo is a soup dish made of meat-

filled dumplings, with shredded chicken,
and a very savory thick broth.
It originated from the town of Molo in the
province of Iloilo, influenced by the
wanton soups brought in by the
community of Chinese settlers in the area.
 CHICKEN BINAKOL

Binakol is another Ilonggo specialty

that’s like tinola but with a twist–using
coconut water and meat in the soup.
ILOILO’S CHICKEN INASAL
It was Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa, a Spanish leader, who established the
Spanish settlement in Guimaras for the purpose of the Christianization of the
natives of the island. He and his subordinates organized the pueblicitos or
villages of Nayup, with San Pedro Apostol as the patron saint, and Igang, with
Sta. Ana as the patroness.

In 1742, the island fell under the jurisdiction of Dumangas until 1751 when
the Augustinian Order was replaced by the Jesuits, after which the Dominicans
took over Guimaras. By 1755, it was organized into a regular parish. When the
population increased considerably, the island was given its municipal status
with a seat of government at Tilad (Buenavista). In 1908, during the American
period, the Guimarasnons were given the democracy to elect their municipal
president.
One great American left an indelible mark in the island. Douglas McArthur, fresh
graduate from West Point as a Second Lieutenant at the age of 23, came to Iloilo as
the head of the company of Corps of Engineers. They constructed roads and the Sto.
Rosario Wharf, presently named McArthur's Wharf, which are still in use today.

Guimaras first gained its status as a sub-province of Iloilo by virtue of R.A. 4667,
which was enacted by Congress on June 18, 1966. It was proclaimed as a regular
and full-fledged province on May 22, 1992 after a plebiscite was conducted to ratify
the approval of its conversion pursuant to Section 462 of R.A. 7160.

Shortly after Guimaras acquired its provincial status, President Fidel V. Ramos
appointed Emily Relucio-Lopez as its first Governor.
The Province of Guimaras was first made up of 3 municipalities. In 1995, by virtue of
Republic Act No. 7896 and Republic Act No. 7897, the Municipalities of Sibunag and
San Lorenzo were created respectively in the Province of Guimaras. The two new
municipalities officially acquired their municipal status after the May 8, 1995 plebiscite
held simultaneously with the local election.

Mayor Ernesto L. Gedalanga was the first appointed Mayor of the Municipality of
Sibunag and Mayor Arsenio Zambarrano was also appointed as the Mayor of San
Lorenzo. The temporary seat of government of the Municipality of Sibunag is at Brgy.
Sabang while the temporary seat of Government of the Municipality of San Lorenzo is
at Brgy. M. Chavez.
a province in the Philippines
situated in the Western
Visayas region occupying the
western section of the Visayas. Its
capital is the Municipality
of Jordan. Guimaras is bordered,
clockwise from the North,
by Iloilo Strait, Guimaras Strait, and
Panay Gulf.
There are many theories on how Guimaras got its
name. Available historical documents can attest that
pre-Spanish Ilonggos had knew Guimaras as “Himal-us”
though some Spanish historians had written
that Guimaras may have been named after a peninsula
in Portugal called Guimaraes, or from names of places
in Spain such as Guimaron in the provinces of Leon
and Galerea, Gimenia in Catalonia, Gomera in the
Canary Islands, and Guimaraon in another province.
On the other hand, Ilonggo folklore reveals
that Guimaras, formerly known as Himal-us was
named after the ill-fated romance of Princess Guima
and slave Aras, who betrayed the tradition tribe to
enkindle their forbidden love. They were able to ride a
small raft and escape Aras’ arranged marriage by her
father to another noble son. Unfortunately, they
disappeared in the raging seas, never found again, and
from then on, people seemed to hear the repentant
father’s calling of the lover’s names “Guim-Aras”
echoed in the wind during stormy seas, thus, the
name Guimaras.
Most of the people
of Guimaras could speak and
undetrsand English though their
main dialect is Hiligaynon and
Kiniray-a just like Iloilo, which is not
surprisding since Iloilo had
dominated most of Guimaras’
history.
Tourist attraction
 Alubihod Beach

This beach is your likely first stop because

of the many accommodation options
within the area. The cream-colored sand
and azure waters make for a perfect
setting for swimming as well as just
chilling out. This is also a possible jump-
off point for island hopping.
 ROCA ENCANTADA

Commonly recognized as “Enchanted

Rock”. August 14, 2002 the mansion was
declared as National heritage house by
the National Historical Institute.  The
house was built in 1910 uniquely placed
on the upper side of the rock, in honor of
Dona Presentacion Hofilena Lopez. The
whole house was already renovated and
that made it looks like more modern.
Guisi Beach

This raw but beautiful beach is

picturesque with its cream-colored
shoreline, turquoise waters, and rock
formations. Take a leisurely stroll on the
shores, wade in the waters to douse the
afternoon heat, or just relax and unwind.
Its remote location makes it an ideal stop
for those who want a quiet getaway. 
Sadsad Waterfalls
 Trappist
Monastery
CULTURAL
PRACTICES IN
GUIMARAS
Before Spaniard came, the Philippines is a Pagan country worshipping
gods and goddesses as well as having shamans called BABAYLANS. Until
now, some of the superstitions survived the passing of time and are still
being practiced by the locals.

GAH-LAH- the practice of pinning money to the newlyweds.

HANGGAB- an extraction of the blood of the chicken performed by
shamans or quack doctors to assure the health of a child.
TUGBUNG- a practice of killing a native black boar to assure the health of
a seven-year-old children.
Pamalaye (if the man’s intention to marry the woman is accepted by her and her family, then the
man along with his family and friends go to her family to discuss wedding plans and to also have
a party. 

Dispusada (a party given to the woman by her parents in their house as a farewell to her
maidenhood

Pasaka Umagad (a party in honor of the newly-wed wife given by the parents of the husband in
their house) 

Daguro friends and relatives of the bereaved family extend their financial help to them.

Kissing the hands/placing the hands of the elders/grandparents/parents to the forehead of the
children/youngsters (a sign of respect)
Manggahan Festival in Guimaras is rich in culture.
This is celebrated in a long month to show their
gratitude and blessings they have for their land.
Guimaras is an independent province declared in
the 22nd of May 1992 and through the years the
success of this province were attained because of
the unity of the people. This Magganhan festival is
a time for people to gather and fell their unity
through great dances and cultural activity.
PRODUCTS OF
GUIMARAS
 MANGO PIZZA
a blend of saltiness and sweetness. If you
love mangoes you’ll surely love its fruity
and tangy twist for pizzas.

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 MANGO KETCHUP
ich in vitamins. You can use it just like your
ordinary banana ketchup. Add it in your
pastas for a Filipino-style spaghetti and
many more.

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Negros Island was originally called “Buglas”, an old native word that is thought to mean “cut-off.”

It is believed that Negros was once part of a greater mass of land but was cut off either by what
geologists all a continental drift or by rising waters during the so-called glacial age. Among its
earliest inhabitants were dark-skinned natives belonging to the Negrito ethnic group with their
unique culture. Thus, the Spaniards called the land “Negros” after the black natives whom they saw
when they first came to the island in April 1565. Two of the earliest native settlements were
Binalbagan and Ilog, that later became towns in 1573 and 1584, respectively. Other settlements were
Hinigaran, Bago, Marayo (now Pontevedra), Mamalan (now Himamaylan) and Candaguit (now a
sitio in San Enrique).

After appointing encomenderos in the island, Miguel Lopez de Legaspi placed Negros under the
jurisdiction of the governor of Oton in Panay. In 1734, however, the island became a military district
and Ilog was made its first capital. The seat of government was later transferred to Himamaylan and
thereafter Bacolod became the capital in 1849.
The island remained a military district up to about the middle of the 19th
century. Then in 1865, Negros Occidental was raised to the category of a
politico-military province. During this time, several more towns were
established like San Carlos and Calatrava.
Religious orders evangelized the province by turns: the Augustinians,
Recollects, Jesuits, Dominicans, Seculars and again, the Recollects
returning in the 1800s.

The latter half of the 19th century was a period of rapid economic
expansion for Negros Occidental as evidenced by the growth of population
resulting from the influx of immigrants coming from neighboring provinces
like Iloilo, Antique, Capiz and Cebu. They settled in districts sparsely
inhabited in the past and this resulted in the establishments of new towns:
Saravia (now E.B. Magalona), Valladolid and Escalante in 1860.
 SUGAR CAPITAL
Negros Occidental Province is situated in the OF THE
west and north of Negros Island, neighboring
Visayan Sea in the north, Tanon Strait and
PHILIPPINES
Negros Oriental Province in the east, Panay Gulf
and Guimaras Strait in the west and Sulu Sea in
the south. As the 7th largest province in the The province consists of 13 cities, 20 municipalities
country, it boasts a total landmass of 7,926.1 and 661 barangays, with its capital named Bacolod.
square kilometers. There are plains and slight The population is 2,565,723(data of 2000), the 2nd
slopes in the north and west, and a range of
largest of the country. The mainly used languages are
mountains in the east.
Hiligaynon and Cebuano.
The major boom to the province at this time was the widespread cultivation of sugarcane and the
opening of ports like those in Iloilo and Cebu to foreign commerce. In 1856, Negros Occidental
produced only 4,000 piculs of sugar. This increased to 100,000 piculs in 1864 and 2,000,000 in
1893. The cultivation of sugarcane then became widespread and soon after Negros Occidental led
other provinces in the production of sugar. Modern machines were also introduced at this time and
by 1864, seven machines operated by steam were used in the towns of Bacolod, Minuluan (now
Talisay and Bago).

During the last decade of the 19th century, several important events occurred in the history of
Negros Occidental. One was the making of Negros Occidental as a separate province from Negros
Oriental in 1890. The other was when Negrense revolutionary troops led by Generals Aniceto
Lacson and Juan Araneta joined the nationwide-Katipunan Movement and overcame the Spanish
garrison in the province on November 5, 1898 when the Filipinos rose in arms against the Spanish
rule. The revolt ended more than 300 years of foreign domination.
This resulted in the establishment of the short lived “Cantonal Government of the Republic of
Negros” which reunited the two provinces until the Americans arrived in May 1899. A civil
government was established in Negros Occidental on April 20, 1901.
Mt. Kanlaon
BALAY
NEGRE
NSE
Customs and Beliefs

The culture of Negros Occidental has been heavily influenced by

both the Spanish and the later American occupations of the region.
The indigenous religion long gave way to Roman Catholicism as the
dominant religion. The people of Negros Occidental value
hospitality, family, humor and hard work. When a family cooks a
special meal, they share a bit of it with their neighbors. Because of
the sugar industry and the region's later diversification in the 1970s,
Negros Occidental has long been a province of industry and
comparative wealth. Cockfighting is a big sport in Negros Occidental
and is one of the industries that have helped the area diversify. If a
gambler is in mourning, he is not allowed to engage in this sport
because it is believed that it can only end in loss.
Holiday Traditions

On Christmas Eve, it is customary to eat bread that is spread with one of

many different toppings and drink soft drinks. New Year's Eve is a bigger
tradition, and the meals are larger and more festive. Firecrackers are lit on
New Year's Eve to keep bad luck away from the home and its residents.
They also clear the way for good luck in the coming year. The New Year
also is a time of housecleaning and making sure all bedding, curtains and
other soft goods are washed. It is customary to stay home on New Year's
Day and avoid any shopping. To shop on New Year's Day is believed to
herald a year of shopping. Other practices that want to be avoided during
the coming year are also avoided on New Year's Day. In addition, the first
12 days of the new year are believed to represent the months of the coming
year. The weather on each of the first 12 days presages the weather for the
corresponding month.
Food Traditions

Sugar is central both to the history of Negros Occidental

and to the cuisine. Pastries and confections abound, and
favorites include guapple pie, made from an oversized
variety of guava, and pinasugbo, a type of banana fritter.
Other highlights of the cuisine include inasal, which is
barbecued marinated chicken. In fact, barbecue is a
traditional food throughout the province. Look for foods
heavy in Spanish influence, lots of sugar and family recipes
handed down with extreme secrecy.
 Panaad: The Festival
of all Festivals in
Negros Occidental
Panaad Festival is an annual celebration of festivals
every April in Bacolod City. It is a week-long
summer event that brings together the towns and
cities of the province of Negros Occidental.
Panaad Festival is the mother of all festivals in the
place. Panaad is a Hiligaynon word for a “vow” and
its “fulfillment”. The festival is a form of
thanksgiving to the Divine Providence and
commemoration of a vow in exchange for a good
life. When people speak of the word “Panaad,” they
are referring to a sacred vow, a solemn promise, a
hollowed commitment. When one does “Panaad”,
one is taking oath like a knight who offers his own
life for the sake of the precious stand he made. The
Negritos (ati) of Buglas (Negros Island) made a
“Panaad” to respect the laws of nature as they
hunted for food for their families.  
 Piaya

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 Half-Moon Cakes

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Barquillos
and Biscocho
Ensaymada
Napoleones
Batchoy
 Chicken Inasal Sisig

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Guapple Pie and Buko
Pie
Lumpia Ubod