TRAINING ON
VMWARE
6.53
VSPHERE
Day: 1
Date: 29 June 2022
Venue: Menara HLX
WHOAMI?
WHOAREU?
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
1: Introduction to vSphere and the software-
defined data center.
2. Basic virtualization concepts
3. ESXi host architecture
4. Vmware vSphere Virtual machines
4
LEARNING
OUTCOMES
5. VMware tools
6. Containers
7. Vcenter server
8. Communication between vCenter server and
ESXI HOSTS
5
INTRODUCTION
6.53
• What is ESXi?
• Why Virtual Machine need a Virtual
Hardware?
• How many types are in a hypervisor
Operating System?
7
INTRODUCTION
6.53 TO
VSPHERE AND THE
SOFTWARE-DEFINED
DATA CENTER
WHAT IS THIS ACTUALLY?
VMware vSphere VMware vSphere The Software-Defined Data
Center (SDDC)
a suite of core infrastructure a set of software solutions
solutions that help manage and which include the hypervisor enables a fully automated, zero-
monitor a virtual data center. (ESXi), the vCenter server, and downtime infrastructure for any
its plugins, supporting application, and any hardware,
databases and host now and in the future.
management agents.
9
VSPHERE
WHY CHOOSE
VSPHERE?
• vSphere is the Recognized Virtualization
Leader.
• vSphere is the Most Proven, Trusted,
and Widely Deployed Platform (chosen
by over 250,000 customers)
• vSphere Is Supported by the Largest
Ecosystem (supports more guest
operating systems)
• vSphere Provides the Best Security for
Virtual Environments (provides
virtualization-aware security) 11
SDDC
WHY CHOOSE
SDDC?
• Leverages a Fully Virtualized
Infrastructure (making data center
services as easy as manage VM)
• Governed by a Comprehensive
Cloud Management Platform
• Delivered On a Flexible Mix of
Private and Hybrid Clouds (private
clouds and secure (IaaS)
• Customer-Ready Software-Defined
Data Center Solutions
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BASIC
VIRTUALIZATION
CONCEPTS
6.53
VIRTUALIZATION
101
Virtualization can increase IT agility,
flexibility and scalability while creating
significant cost savings. Greater
workload mobility, increased
performance and availability of
resources, automated operations –
they’re all benefits of virtualization that
make IT simpler to manage and less
costly to own and operate.
15
THE CONCEPTS
• Each virtual machine contains its • The hypervisor serves as a platform
own virtual, or software-based, for running virtual machines and
hardware, including a virtual CPU, allows for the consolidation of
memory, hard disk, and network computing resources.
interface card.
• Virtual machines are decoupled
• ESXi is the hypervisor in a vSphere from the underlying physical
hardware, virtualization allows you
environment.
to consolidate physical computing
resources such as CPUs, memory,
storage, and networking into pools
of resources.
16
POP QUIZ
What is Vmware vSphere?
Do Virtualization make our life
simpler?
17
ESXI HOST
ARCHITECTURE
6.53
INTRODUCTION
VMware® ESXi is the next-generation
hypervisor, providing a new foundation for
virtual infrastructure. This innovative
architecture operates independently from
any general-purpose operating system,
offering improved security, increased reli-
ability, and simplified management. The
compact architecture is designed for
integration directly into virtualization-
optimized server hardware, enabling rapid
installation, configuration, and deployment.
19
COMPONENTS OF ESXI
Direct Console User Interface (DCUI) Various agents
the low-level con-figuration and used to enable high-level VMware
management interface, accessible through Infrastructure management from remote
the console of the server, used primarily for applications.
initial basic configura-tion.
The virtual machine monitor The Common Information Model (CIM)
provides the execution environment for a CIM is the interface that enables hardware-
virtual machine, as well as a helper process level management from remote
known as VMX. applications via a set of standard APIs.
7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 20
21
VMKERNEL
VMkernel is a POSIX-like operating system
developed by VMware and provides certain
functionality similar to that found in other
operating systems, such as process
creation and control, signals, file system,
and process threads. It is designed
specifically to support running multiple
virtual machines and provides such core
functionality as:
• Resource scheduling
• I/O stacks
• Device drivers
22
FILE SYSTEM
VMkernel uses a simple in-memory file
system to hold the ESXi configuration files,
log files, and staged patches. For familiar-
ity, the structure of the file system is
designed to be the same as that used in
the service console of ESX. For example,
ESXi configuration files are found in
/etc/vmware and log files are found in
/var/log/vmware. Staged patches are
uploaded to /tmp.
23
USERS AND
GROUPS
Administrative privileges can be set
individually for each user or group. User
and group definitions are stored on the file
system in the files /etc/passwd,
/etc/shadow, and /etc/group, and as in
other operating systems, passwords are
gen-erated using standard crypt functions.
24
USER WORLDS
The term “user world” refers to a process
running in the VMkernel operating system.
The environment in which a user world runs
is limited compared to what would be found
in a general-purpose POSIX-compliant
operating system such as Linux. For
example:
• The set of available signals is limited.
• The system API is a subset of POSIX.
• The /proc file system is very limited.
25
DIRECT CONSOLE
USER INTERFACE
The Direct Console User Interface (DCUI)
is the local user inter-face that is displayed
only on the console of an ESXi system. It
provides a BIOS-like, menu-driven interface
for interacting with the system. Its main
purpose is initial configuration and
troubleshooting. One of the system users
defined in VMkernel is dcui, which is used
by the DCUI process to identify itself when
communicating with other components in
the system
7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 26
OPEN NETWORK
PORTS
A limited number of network ports are open
on ESXi. The most important ports and
services are the following:
80 - HTTP
443 - HTTPS
427 – Service Location Protocol
5989 – CIM server (interface 3-party
management tools)
27
SUMMARY
The ESXi architecture offers a variety of
advantages over other virtualization
platforms, including::
• Little state information — An ESXi
system can be treated for practical
purposes as a stateless compute node,
with all the state information easily
uploaded from a saved configuration file.
• Better security — With a small footprint
and minimal inter-faces, an ESXi system
has a lower overall attack surface.
•Hardware-like reliability — When it is
integrated into firmware, software is much
less likely to become corrupted than when
it is stored on disk. The option of
eliminating the local disk drive can provide
even greater system reliability. 28
VMWARE VSPHERE
VIRTUAL
6.53
MACHINES
VIRTUAL
MACHINE FILES
A virtual machine consists of several files
that are stored on a storage device. The
key files are the configuration file, virtual
disk file, NVRAM setting file, and log file.
You configure virtual machine settings
through the vSphere Client, ESXCLI, or the
vSphere Web Services SDK.
30
31
VIRTUAL MACHINES
AND THE VIRTUAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
The infrastructure that supports virtual
machines consists of at least two software
layers, virtualization and management. In
vSphere, ESXi provides the virtualization
capabilities that aggregate and present the
host hardware to virtual machines as a
normalized set of resources. Virtual
machines run on ESXi hosts that vCenter
Server manages.
32
VIRTUAL MACHINE
COMPONENTS
Virtual machines typically have an
operating system, VMware Tools, and
virtual resources and hardware. You
manage these components just like the
components of a physical computer.
33
34
THE VSPHERE
CLIENT
The vSphere Client is a cross-platform
application that can connect only to
vCenter Server. It has a full range of
administrative functionality and an
extensible plug-in-based architecture.
Typical users are virtual infrastructure
administrators, help desk, network
operations center operators, and virtual
machine owners.
35
https://docs.vmware.com/en/VMware-vSphere/
7.0/com.vmware.vsphere.vm_admin.doc/GUID-
588861BB-3A62-4A01-82FD-F9FB42763242.html
36
POP QUIZ
What is the port for HTTP?
Do virtual infrastructure support 2
layer?
37
VMWARE
6.53
TOOLS
VMWARE TOOLS
• VMware Tools is a set of services and components
that enable several features in various VMware
products for better management and seamless
user interactions with guest operating systems.
• a suite of utilities that enhances the performance of
the virtual machines guest operating system and
improves management of the virtual machine.
• VMware tools provides additional functionality.
39
VMWARE TOOLS
• VMware Tools eliminates or improves these issues:
Low video Inadequate color Incorrect display of
resolution depth network speed
Restricted Restricted Inability to copy and
movement of the movement of the paste and drag-
mouse mouse and-drop files
Provides the ability
to take quiesced
Missing sound
snapshots of the
guest OS
40
COMPONENTS OF VMWARE TOOLS
VMware Tools service VMware device drivers
The VMware Tools services start when the Device drivers improve sound, graphics,
guest operating system starts. The service networking, and storage performance. You
passes information between host and guest can select the drivers to be installed while
operating systems. performing a custom VMware Tools
installation or reinstallation.
VMware user process VMware Tools control panel
VMware user process allow you to use The VMware Tools control panel provides a
certain features (such as copy, paste, drag, graphical environment in which a variety of
drop and so on) with Vmware product VMware Tools settings may be configured
supporting them. and virtual disks reduced in size
41
SUPPORTED VIRTUAL DEVICES BY A VIRTUAL MACHINE
Mac OS X Solaris
macOS is a Unix operating system Solaris is a proprietary Unix operating
developed and marketed by Apple Inc. system originally developed by Sun
Microsystems.
Windows 10 Free BSD
Windows 10 is a major release of FreeBSD is a free and open-source
Microsoft's Windows NT operating Unix-like operating system descended
system. from the Berkeley Software
Distribution.
Linux
Linux is a family of open-source Unix-
like operating systems based on the
Linux kernel.
42
POP QUIZ
Do VM Tools improve low video
resolution?
What is 1 example of supported
Virtual Device?
43
CONTAINERS
6.53
WHAT ARE
CONTAINERS?
A Container is a lightweight, standalone
package that encapsulates a complete
runtime environment including an
application and its dependencies (libraries,
binaries, and any additional configuration
files), increasing an application’s portability,
scalability, security, and agility.
45
CONTAINERS VS VMS
Containers VMs
• A container includes everything • Each virtual machine (VM) runs a full or
necessary to run an application, partial instance of an operating system,
enabling multiple containerized whereas multiple containers share a
applications to run independently on a single operating system instance.
single host system.
46
WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF USING
CONTAINERS?
Agility. Scalability and high availability.
Improved developer agility drives increased Using Kubernetes, container deployments
productivity and the speed of app can automatically be scaled up or down as
development. Containers streamline CI/CD workload requirement changes, increasing
pipelines and are ideal for DevOps teams app availability.
and microservices deployments.
Portability. Resiliency.
Containers consume fewer resources and A containerized application is isolated and
are lighter weight than VMs. Containerized abstracted from the OS and other
applications are infrastructure-agnostic and containers; one container can fail without
operate the same regardless of where they impacting other running containers.
are deployed.
47
CONTAINER
STANDARDS
Standards for container formatting and
runtime environments are controlled by the
Open Container Initiative (OCI), a project
formed in 2015 for the express purpose of
creating open industry standards. The OCI
currently offers two specifications: the
Runtime Specification (runtime-spec) and
the Image Specification (image-spec).
48
CONTAINER
SECURITY
Containers require changes to the way
security policies are implemented and
managed. Security should be built into the
container lifecycle as much as possible,
using a DevSecOps approach. Security
teams, working with development and
operations teams, adapt existing
governance and compliance policies to
accommodate new tools and changes to
the application lifecycle.
49
CONTAINER
AUTOMATION
Manual effort slows down development
teams. Container automation enables
developers to focus on code instead of
packaging. Container images are built in
layers. With an automated approach to
container builds, whenever a layer
changes, only that layer has to be updated.
For example, if only system libraries need
to be updated, only the layer containing the
libraries must be rebuilt
50
DOCKER
Since its introduction in 2013, Docker has
been almost synonymous with containers,
and it continues to be used to build
container images. The Docker environment
includes a container runtime as well as
container build and image management.
Because Docker builds an OCI-standard
container image, Docker images will run on
any OCI-compliant container runtime.
51
KUBERNETES
Kubernetes is an open source container
orchestrator that has become a de facto
standard. Kubernetes automates
deployment, load balancing, resource
allocation, and security enforcement for
containers via declarative configuration and
automation.
52
CONTAINER USE CASES
For developers For IT operations
• Improve application portability across different • Improve application security by isolation from
platforms and configurations, so that code other applications in a lightweight fashion.
developed on one version of a language compiler
• Seamless migration of containerized applications
or interpreter runs flawlessly on subsequent
versions with no revisions required. across different OS versions, network topologies, or
storage configurations, and cloud platforms.
• Free developers from having to develop, test,
• Improve IT efficiency by enabling multiple
and deploy on the same infrastructure, so that
developers who write code on their laptops can application containers to run on a single OS
be confident that application will run as desired instance. Since containers are often tens of
on any other infrastructure, whether on-premises megabytes in size where VMs are often ten or more
server or a cloud-based VM. gigabytes in size, a substantially larger number of
containers can run on a single server instance.
• Facilitate agile development processes such as
CI/CD, speeding code acceptance and
deployment.
53
POP QUIZ
What is the difference between
containers and vms?
What is Kubernetes
54
VCENTER
SERVER
6.53
WHAT IS VCENTER
SERVER?
vCenter Server is an application that
enables you to manage your vSphere
infrastructure from a centralized location. It
acts as a central administration point for
ESXi hosts and their respective virtual
machines.
A single vCenter Server instance can
support a maximum of 1,000 hosts, 10,000
powered-on virtual machines and 15,000
registered virtual machines.
56
A VCENTER SERVER INSTANCE CONSIST
OF THE FOLLOWING COMPONENTS:
vSphere Client and vSphere Web vCenter Server database
Client stores the inventory items, security roles,
both tools can be used to manage your resource pools, performance data, and
vCenter Server. vSphere Web Client is the other information. Oracle and Microsoft
recommended way to manage an ESXi SQL Server are supported databases for
host when the host is managed by vCenter vCenter Server.
Server.
vCenter Single Sign-On (SSO) Managed hosts
allows authentication against multiple user ESXi hosts and their respective virtual
repositories, such as Active Directory or machines.
Open LDAP.
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58
VMWARE VCENTER SERVER ARCHITECTURE
59
COMMUNICATION BETWEEN VCENTER
SERVER AND ESXI HOSTS
The main service running on the vCenter When an ESXi host is added to the vCenter
Server is known as vpxd (VMware Virtual Server, there is an agent service called
Server service). vpxa, which is installed and started on the
ESXi host.
Vpxa acts as an intermediary service The hostd service running on the ESXi host
between the vpxd service running on the is mainly responsible for managing most of
vCenter Server and hostd service running the operations on the host.
on the ESXi host.
60
VMWARE VCENTER SERVER® HIGH
AVAILABILITY
VMware vCenter High Using automated You can configure
Availability protects failover from active to vCenter High
not only against host passive, vCenter High Availability from the
and hardware failures Availability supports vSphere Client with
but also against high availability with
vCenter Server minimal downtime. the provided options
application failures. • Automatic
• Manual
61
POP QUIZ
What is vCenter server?
Do vCenter SSO allows
authentication?
62
WHAT HAVE YOU
LEARNED TODAY?
63
