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Web Development

The document discusses fundamentals of web development including objectives, importance of web development, differences between web designers and developers, front-end and back-end development, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, frameworks like jQuery and React, and advanced topics. It provides overviews of key concepts like the structure of HTML pages, CSS syntax and selectors, JavaScript and the DOM, and CSS transformations.

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Rajnish 008
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© © All Rights Reserved
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1K views28 pages

Web Development

The document discusses fundamentals of web development including objectives, importance of web development, differences between web designers and developers, front-end and back-end development, HTML, CSS, JavaScript, frameworks like jQuery and React, and advanced topics. It provides overviews of key concepts like the structure of HTML pages, CSS syntax and selectors, JavaScript and the DOM, and CSS transformations.

Uploaded by

Rajnish 008
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamentals of Web

Submitted To: Development Submitted By:


Kushi With Rajnish Kumar
CSE Dept. 2027008
HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript
CSE
Objectives
At the end of this module, you will be able to:

 Importance of Web Development

 Web Designer Vs. Web Developer

 Front-end and Back-end Web Development

 HTML, CSS and JavaScript - An Overview

 JavaScript Frameworks - jQuery and React.JS

 Advanced Web Development Topics pment


Importance of Web Development
 The Internet is ubiquitous
• Accessible through mobile and desktop
• Customers/users need to find you/your business
• Builds trust in your organization and improves your reputation
• Your website is your first round-the-clock sales person!
 The Website
• Creates first impression of your business
• Create it to suit the needs of your target audience
• Reflects your expertise and reputation
• Can bring business from any part of the world!
• Call to Action – Encourage the users to give you business
 You need Web Development skills to create a Website!
Web Designer Vs. Web Developer
A Web Designer
• Designs the look and feel of a website (creative side of website)
• Decides the layout, fonts, color, images and overall branding
• Creates the visual mock-up of the website
• Rarely does the development of a website!
• A Right-brained (Creative) Person
A Web Developer
• Brings the website mock-up to life on the Internet (development side of website)
• Develops the website and hosts on a web server
• Has Web Development Skills: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, React.js, Node.js
• A Left-brained (Logical) Person
 Gain Web Development skills to become a Web Developer!
Web Developer Vs. Web Designer
Front End and Back End Web Development
 Front End Web Development
• Defined components on the page with HTML
• Make them look pleasing with CSS
• Enable interactivity with JavaScript
• Enhance productivity with use of frameworks
 Back End Web Development
• Create the page components and content dynamically on the web server
• Send the HTML + CSS + JavaScript to web browser (used by a human user)
• Generate pages by programming in Java, JavaScript, PHP, Perl, Python, Ruby
• Aim to achieve fast response times to end users
 Front End Web Development is the focus of this webinar!
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript – An Overview
 HTML
• Hypertext Markup Language
• Structure of Page

 JavaScript
• Interactivity with User
• Dynamic Updates in a Web Page

 CSS
• Cascading Style Sheets
• Presentation/Styling

t
Hypertext - Origins

 HyperText
• Text with references (hyperlinks) to other text
 “Hyper” - meaning
• Greek Origin: “over”, “beyond”
 First Idea
• Vannevar Bush, USA, in 1945
A Simple HTML5 Page

 Save the following code in a test.html file


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>This is My First Website </title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Welcome to HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript!</p>
</body>
</html>

t
Hosting a Web Site
A Web Site
• Serves one or more HTML Pages
 Default Page: index.html, index.php
 Served / Hosted by a Web Server
• HTTP Web Server
 https, apache2, Ngnix - Internet Information Server (Microsoft’s)
• Web Application Server
 Visual Studio Code (Microsoft) , Sublime Text, Atom
 Technologies
• HTML, HTTP, TCP/IP Protocols
• Operating Systems: Linux, Windows, MacOS
HTML Page
 HTML (Web) Page / Document
• User Interface for the Web (site or application)
• A plain text file – human readable
• Transported on HTTP - HyperText Transfer Protocol
 Page Types
• Static – ready-made pages with fixed page content
 File Extension: .html, .htm
• Dynamic – generated on the fly with varying page content
 Generated on the Web Server
 Interspersed with JavaScript, PHP, JSP, ASP
 File Extensions: .js, .php, .jsp, .asp, .aspx
CSS - Introduction
 Cascading Style Sheet
• Describes the look and formatting of a page
• Used for Changing Presentation and Styling
• Can apply to a mark-up language
 HTML, XHTML, XML, SVG
 Separates Content from Presentation
 Properties (Attributes) Styled
• Layout, Font (Typography), Color, Background
• Box Properties: Border, Margin, Padding
• Lists, Tables

.
CSS Syntax (Contd./-)
 Style Selector
• The HTML elements to which the Style rule should be applied
• It is a match expression
• Specified as:
 Element’s tag name
 h1, p, label - case insensitive
 Value of Element’s attribute
 id, class - Case Sensitive
 Element’s placement in the Document tree
 Child element is nested within Parent
 A Sibling element is at the same nesting level
CSS Syntax (Contd./-)
 CSS Declaration Block
• List of Declarations
• Enclosed in curly braces { . . . }
• Declaration
 property : value(s) ;
• property and value(s) are pre-defined
• Property name is unique
• Property value – Specified in multiple formats
 keywords (words) or mnemonics (in combination with some symbols like: #, /)
 numerical, hexadecimal, or a combination
 some values may have units of measure
New CSS3 Selectors
 New CSS3 Structural Pseudo-Class Selectors
• E:first-of-type – Selects the first element of type E for its parent
li:first-of-type { color: red; }

• E:last-of-type - Selects the last element of type E for its


parent
li:last-of-type { color: yellow; }

• E:only-child - Selects if E is only the child of its parent


li:only-child { color: blue; }

• E:nth-child(n) - Selects nth child of the element E


li:nth-child(3) { color: yellow; }

• E:nth-last-child(n) - Selects nth last child of the element E Slide


li:nth-last-child(2) { color: red; } 15
.
CSS3 – 2D Transforms

 Transformation
• Change of position, shape and size of an element
 CSS3 Transforms
• 2-D: Two Dimensions
• 3-D: Three Dimensions (not covered in this course)
 Transform Operations
• move, scale, spin, stretch and turn elements

Slide
16
CSS3 – 2D Transforms (Contd./-)
 Specified with transform attribute
• Translation – Movement along X-axis and Y-axis
transform: translate( 50px, 100px );
• Rotation – in clock-wise direction
transform: rotate( 5deg );
• Scaling – increase/decrease size along width and height
transform: scale( 2, 2 );
• Skewing – tilting (turning) in X-axis and Y-axis directions
transform: skew( 10deg, 5deg);

Slide
17
CSS3 Transitions
 Changing from one style to another (on an event)
 CSS property on which the transition effect has to take place
 Time Duration over which transition has to take place (smoothly)
 Specified in seconds (s) or milliseconds (ms)
p { width: 100px; }
p:hover { width: 200px; transition: width 2s; }
 Transition starts on events
 Events: hover, active, checked, focus, enabled, disabled
 @media queries, and JavaScript
 Specify multiple transitions sets with a comma
p { width: 200px; height: 100px; }
p:hover {
width: 400px; height: 200px;
transition: width 2s, height 5s; }
Slide
18
JavaScript – An Introduction
 Mocha, later renamed as LiveScript - Developed by Netscape
 Based on ECMAScript 5.1 (Ver. 6.0 is finalized in mid 2015)
 LiveScript  JavaScript (due to Java popularity)
 Scripting Language for Web Browsers
• Dynamically Typed
• Interpreted by JavaScript Engine
 Can not Do (for Security Reasons)
• Unlimited reading/writing of files from client machine’s file system
• Writing to the files on the Server
• Can not close a window that was not opened by it
• Can not read from a web page served by another web server
 Microsoft’s version - JScript Slide
19
Document Object Model (DOM) (Contd./-)
 Structure and Style of a Page, Access / Update Content
 DOM + JavaScript = Dynamic HTML (on client-side)
 What JavaScript can do with DOM?
 Change an HTML Element
 Change an attribute of an HTML Element
 Change the CSS style of an HTML Element
 Remove an existing HTML element or its attributes
 Add new a HTML Element or a new attribute to an Element
 React to an event associated with an HTML Element
 Create a new event listener and associate with an HTML Element

Slide
20
HTML DOM Methods
 DOM Methods – Finding HTML Elements
• getElementById() Method
 Gets the HTML Element with specified ID
• getElementsByClassName() Method
 Gets the HTML Elements with specified class name
document.getElementsByClassName("middlePara")[0].innerHTML = "Welcome
to My Website!";
document.getElementsByClassName("middlePara")[1].innerHTML = "This is
HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript presentation!";
• getElementsByTagName() method
 Gets the HTML Elements with specified element tag
document.getElementsByTagName("p")[0].innerHTML = "Welcome to
My Website!";
document.getElementsByTagName("p")[1].innerHTML = "This is HTML5,
CSS3 and JavaScript presentation!";
Slide
21
jQuery - Introduction
 jQuery Core – a Cross-Platform JavaScript Library
• Simplifies client-side JavaScript scripting for a web page
• It is FREE and Open Source
• Used by about 6,000 most visited websites
• It uses the familiar HTML DOM model
 Latest Versions
• Version 1.11.3 - has support for IE 6/7/8
• Version 2.1.4 - has NO support for IE 6/7/8
• Development Version
 For use during development of the website
• Minified Version
 For use in production (live / online) use of website
Slide
22
jQuery - Introduction
 Why use jQuery?
• JavaScript Framework
• Separates HTML and JavaScript in a web page
• Eliminates cross-browser incompatibilities
• Simple/Short, Clean and Easy to read, write and understand
 What jQuery can do?
• Can Select Elements
 Has Selectors are
similar to CSS
Selectors
• Can Manipulate the
Selected Elements
• Supports JSON
Can Modify the Parsing
Style and Ajax (Asynchronous JavaScript + XML) Slide
23
of the Selected
jQuery Basics
 Download the latest version
• From jquery.com website
 Reference it in HTML file
• Host it on your Web
Server and Use it with
<script> tag
<script src="jquery-
 Google CDN Server (recommended)
2.1.3.js"></script>
CDN – Content Delivery Network
<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js">
• Point to a Public Web
</script>
Server and Use it with
 Microsoft
<script> tag CDN Server
<script src="http://ajax.aspnetcdn.com/ajax/jQuery/jquery-1.11.2.min.js">
</script>
 MaxCDN CDN Server (moved from MediaTemple, before that Amazon)
<script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-2.1.3.min.js"></script>
• Do not put the jQuery code in the <script> tag that loads jQuery library
Advanced Web Programming Topics
 HTML Canvas, WebGL, SVG

 HTML5 Geolocation API

 HTML5 Drag and Drop API

 HTML5 Web Storage API

 HTML5 Web Workers

 HTML5 Server-sent Events


Slide
25
Job trends for Full Stack Web Developer
Questions
Thank You!!

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