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Binary Search

The document discusses linear search and binary search algorithms. Linear search sequentially checks each element of a list to find a target value, resulting in O(n) time complexity. Binary search divides the search space in half at each step by comparing the target to the middle element, requiring O(log n) time for a sorted array. The document provides pseudocode for both algorithms and analyzes their performance characteristics.

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Badnaam Raja
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936 views22 pages

Binary Search

The document discusses linear search and binary search algorithms. Linear search sequentially checks each element of a list to find a target value, resulting in O(n) time complexity. Binary search divides the search space in half at each step by comparing the target to the middle element, requiring O(log n) time for a sorted array. The document provides pseudocode for both algorithms and analyzes their performance characteristics.

Uploaded by

Badnaam Raja
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Defn

In computer science, linear search or sequential


search is a method for finding a particular value in a
list, that consists of checking every one of its
elements, one at a time and in sequence, until the
desired one is found. Wikipedia
Code
for(i=0;i<l;i++)
{
if(arr[i]==k)
{
pos=i+1;
break;
}
}
if(pos!=0)
printf(“%d is found in the list, at position %d\n”,k,pos);
else
printf(“%d is not in the list\n”,k);
}
Algorithm
Get the input numbers from the user and store it in the array
Get the input from the user for the number(‘k’) that has to be
searched
Initialize a for loop and run it till it reaches the nth element in
the array
Compare the value of ‘k’ with the array element as per the loop
index
If the value of ‘k’ is matched with array value then set the flag as
found
After exiting the for loop check the flag variable.
If it is set the print as element found at position
If not print as element is not found
Performance Study
 the probability that Key will be the first item is 1/n, that it will be the second
item is also 1/n and so on for each item.
 the average number of items to be examined before you find the item you're
looking for is given by:
(1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n)/n
which is n * (n + 1)/2/n
which is (n + 1)/2.
In 'big O' notation, a linear search algorithm is O(n).
A binary search or half-interval search algorithm
finds the position of a specified input value (the
search "key") within an array sorted by key value
the array should be arranged in ascending or
descending order.
A binary search looks for an item in a list using a
divide-and-conquer strategy
Binary search
low:=0; high:=n-1;
while low<high do
begin
mid:=(low+high) div 2;
if X==a[mid]
then return mid;
else if x>a[mid] then
low:=mid+1;
else
high:=mid-1;
end;
return key not found;
Binary Search
 Binary search. Given value and sorted array a[], find index i
such that a[i] = value, or report that no such index exists.

 Invariant. Algorithm maintains a[low]  value  a[high].

 Ex. Binary search for 33.

6 13 14 25 33 43 51 53 64 72 84 93 95 96 97
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

low high
Binary Search

6 13 14 25 33 43 51 53 64 72 84 93 95 96 97
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

low mid high


Binary Search

6 13 14 25 33 43 51 53 64 72 84 93 95 96 97
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

low high
Binary Search

6 13 14 25 33 43 51 53 64 72 84 93 95 96 97
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

low mid high


Binary Search

6 13 14 25 33 43 51 53 64 72 84 93 95 96 97
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

low high
Binary Search

6 13 14 25 33 43 51 53 64 72 84 93 95 96 97
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

low mid high


Binary Search

6 13 14 25 33 43 51 53 64 72 84 93 95 96 97
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

low
high
Binary Search

6 13 14 25 33 43 51 53 64 72 84 93 95 96 97
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

low
high
mid
Binary Search

6 13 14 25 33 43 51 53 64 72 84 93 95 96 97
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

low
high
mid
Performance Study
Thank You

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