Ce 5 2 Fire Code

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RA 9514 :

“The Fire Code of the Philippines”

1
Prepared by : CE 5-2
(FIRE)

Members :

Denton Jhon Bañas


Adonis Ibarra Michael Bustamante
Bonisa Palmares Maylene Bilagantol
Dennis Luceñara Michael Christ Icagoy
Aimee Faye JanuaryMyra Rica Cagoco
Lucas Regie Mellominida
Mark Jeremy Pedronan Tresha Roelle Jainar
Mc Aljo Alferez Joromat
11/5/19
CONTENTS
• Revised Implementing Rules and Regulations (RIRR) of
RA 9514
• Fire safety measures
• Standard Dimensions for Fire Exits
• How to open Fire Exit Doors
• Fire Rating of Walls
• Fire Sprinkler System
• Standard Requirements for Water Tank
• Dry and Wet Standpipe
• Standard Requirements for Fire Escape
• Standard Requirements for Staircases
• Standard Requirements for a Firehouse Cabinet

11/5/19
rule 1. interpretation

It is the policy of the State to ensure public safety, promote


economic development through the prevention and suppression of
all kinds of destructive fires, and promote the professionalization of
the Fire Service as a profession. Towards this end, the State shall
enforce all laws, rules and regulations to ensure adherence to
standard fire prevention and safety measures, and promote
accountability in the fire protection and prevention service.

2
RULE 2. COVERAGE
This RIRR of Fire Code of the Philippines shall cover the
following:

• All persons:
• All private or public buildings, facilities or structures and their premises
erected or constructed before and after the effectivity hereof;
• Design and installation of mechanical, electronics and electrical systems
relative to fire protection;
• Manufacturing, storage, handling and/or use, and transportation of
explosives and/or combustible, flammable liquids and gases, toxic and
other hazardous materials and operations, and their wastes;

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RULE 2. COVERAGE

• Fire safety planning, design, construction, repair, maintenance,


rehabilitation and demolition
• Fire protective and warning equipment or systems;
• All land transportation vehicles and equipment, ships or vessels docked at
piers or wharves or anchored in seaports; and
• Petroleum industry installations.

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RULE 4. AUTHORITY OF THE
CHIEF, BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

SECTION 4.0.0.1 GENERAL AUTHORITY TO ADMINISTER AND ENFORCE RA


9514 AND ITS RIRR

The Administration and Enforcement of the RA 9514 and its RIRR shall
be under the direct supervision and control of the Chief, BFP, through the
hierarchy of organization as provided for in Chapter VI of Republic Act No.
6975, the DILG Reorganization Act of 1990 as amended by Republic Act No.
9263, the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) and Bureau of Jail Management and
Penology (BJMP) Professionalization Act of 2004.

5
RULE 4. AUTHORITY OF THE
CHIEF, BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION
Section 4.0.0.2 AUTHORITY OF THE CHIEF, BFP SUBJECT TO APPROVAL OF
SECRETARY OF INTERIOR AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT (SILG)

The Chief, BFP, with the approval of the Secretary, DILG, is hereby authorized to:

• Issue Implementing Rules and Regulations, and prescribe standards,


schedules of fees/fire service charges and administrative penalties
• Reorganize the BFP as may be necessary and appropriate;
• Enter into long term agreement, either through public biddings or
negotiations in accordance with the provisions of Republic Act No. 9184,
otherwise known as the Government Procurement Reform Act of 2003, for
the acquisition of fire prevention, fire protection, firefighting, investigation,
rescue, paramedics, hazardous material handling equipment, supplies,
materials, and related technical services necessary for the fire service;

6
RULE 4. AUTHORITY OF THE
CHIEF, BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

The Chief, BFP, with the approval of the Secretary, DILG, is hereby authorized to:

• Enter into Memoranda of Agreement with other departments, bureaus,


agencies, offices and corporations of the government, as well as private
institutions, in order to define areas of cooperation and coordination and
delineate responsibility on fire prevention education, fire safety, fire
prevention, fire suppression and other matters of common concern.

7
RULE 4. AUTHORITY OF THE
CHIEF, BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION
Section 4.0.0.3 SPECIFIC AUTHORITY OF CHIEF, BFP

The Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized representative, in accordance with


organizational hierarchy, is hereby specifically authorized to:

• Support and assist fire volunteers, fire safety practitioners and fire
volunteer organizations in the country that shall undergo mandatory fire
suppression, rescue, emergency medical services and related emergency
response training and competency evaluations to be conducted by the BFP.
• Enter into external party agreements for the conduct of training, education
and evaluation of fire volunteers, fire safety practitioners and fire volunteer
organizations, which shall be under the full control and supervision of the
BFP.

8
RULE 4. AUTHORITY OF THE
CHIEF, BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION
The Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized representative, in accordance with
organizational hierarchy, is hereby specifically authorized to:

• Call on the police, other law enforcement agencies, and local government
assistance to render necessary assistance in the enforcement of the RA
9514 and its RIRR;
• Designate Fire Safety Inspectors (FSI) who shall conduct inspection of every
building or structure within their area of responsibility at least once a year
and every time the owner, administrator or occupant shall renew his/her
Business Permit or Permit to Operate;
• Issue Fire Safety Inspection Certificate (FSIC) as a prerequisite to the grants
of permits and/or licenses by the local governments and other government
agencies concerned;

9
RULE 4. AUTHORITY OF THE
CHIEF, BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION
The Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized representative, in accordance with
organizational hierarchy, is hereby specifically authorized to:

• Inspect at reasonable time, any building, structure, installation or premises


for dangerous or hazardous conditions or materials as set forth in the RA
9514 and its RIRR, provided that in case of single family dwelling, an
inspection must be upon the consent of the occupant or upon lawful order
from the proper court;
• Order the owner/occupant to summarily abate and remove hazardous
materials and/or stop hazardous operations/processes in accordance with
the standards set by RA 9514 and its RIRR or other pertinent laws;
• Require the building owner/occupant to submit plans and specifications,
and other pertinent documents of said building to ensure compliance with
applicable codes and standards; and
10
RULE 4. AUTHORITY OF THE
CHIEF, BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION
The Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized representative, in accordance with
organizational hierarchy, is hereby specifically authorized to:

• Issue a written notice to the owner and/or contractor to stop any portion of
any work due to the absence, or in violation of, approved plans and
specifications, permits and/ or clearances or certifications as approved by
the Chief, BFP or his/her duly authorized representative. The notice shall
state the nature of the violation and no work shall be continued on that
portion until the violation had been corrected.

However, the authority granted under this Section shall not in any way diminish
the power of the SILG to change, alter, modify, revise or amend the actions of
the Chief, BFP.

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RULE 8. FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

CHAPTER 1 . QUALIFICATIONS OF FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
BFP personnel duly designated as Fire Safety Enforcers shall possess
minimum required qualification standard stated herein.

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RULE 8. FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

Section 8.1.1 FIRE SAFETY INSPECTORS


1. Uniformed Personnel
• Shall be licensed Engineer (Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical, Sanitary and
Electronics) with at least one (1) year in the BFP service; or
• Shall be architect with at least one (1) year in the BFP service; or
• Shall be graduate of any baccalaureate degree course with at least three (3) years
in the BFP service

2. Non-Uniformed Personnel
• Appointed as Engineers with at least one (1) year in the BFP service

3. Must have undergone and completed prescribed training on fire safety


enforcement and other relevant fire safety training.

13
RULE 8. FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

Section 8.1.2 PLAN EVALUATORS

1. Must be licensed Architect or Engineer; and


2. Shall have undergone and completed prescribed training on fire safety
enforcement and other relevant fire safety training.
3. In cases where there is no licensed engineer or architect in a specific
jurisdiction, a graduate of any baccalaureate degree with relevant fire safety
and building plan evaluation training shall be designated as plan evaluator.

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RULE 8. FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

Section 8.1.3 CHIEF, FIRE SAFETY ENFORCEMENT SECTION/UNIT

1. The Chief of the Fire Safety Enforcement Section/Unit (FSES/U) to be


designated shall possess the following minimum qualifications:
• With the rank commensurate to the position prescribed by the organizational
structure and qualification standard of the BFP;
• Must be a licensed engineer or architect with at least three (3) years in the BFP
service; and
• Must have undergone and completed prescribed training on fire safety enforcement
and other relevant fire safety training.
2. In cases the rank requirement cannot be complied, any personnel with lower
rank who is a licensed engineer or architect, or a graduate of any baccalaureate
degree with at least five (5) years of service in the BFP may be designated as
Chief, FSES/U.

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RULE 8. FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

3. In case there is no ranking uniformed personnel or officer, a Non-Uniformed


Personnel (NUP) can be designated as Chief, FSES/U, provided that he/she is
occupying an Engineer IV plantilla position and has undergone relevant fire
safety training.

16
RULE 8. FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

CHAPTER 1 . QUALIFICATIONS OF FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

RESPONSIBILITIES OF DESIGNATED FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

Section 8.2.1 FIRE SAFETY INSPECTORS


The following shall be the main duties and responsibilities of Fire Safety
Inspectors:
1. Inspect any building, structure or facility and/or any part thereof, hazardous
operations, storage facilities and transportation vehicles of hazardous materials
to ensure compliance with RA 9514 and its RIRR and other related laws,
regulations, standards and ordinances within the area of responsibility;
2. Assess compliance with the fire safety requirements, identify and
recommend corrective actions for violations/defects and deficiencies and
inform the owner/building administrator/ occupants of such actions to comply
with the provisions of RA 9514 and its RIRR and other related laws, regulations,
standards and ordinances;
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RULE 8. FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

3. Testify in any judicial and quasi-judicial bodies regarding matters relating to


RA 9514 and its RIRR, and/or the performance of his/her duties related thereto,
when needed;
4. Conduct fire safety lectures, seminars/workshop and drills; and
5. Prepare necessary documents and maintain files and/or records.

18
RULE 8. FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

Section 8.2.2 PLAN EVALUATORS

The following shall be the main duties and responsibilities of Plan Evaluators:

1. Review and evaluate building plans and specifications including fire


protection system to determine compliance with RA 9514 and its RIRR, National
Building Code of the Philippines (NBCP) and other Life and Safety Standard; and
2. Conduct site verification and inspection on building under construction to
determine compliance with the approved plans and specifications.

19
RULE 8. FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

Section 8.2.3 CHIEF, FIRE SAFETY ENFORCEMENT SECTION/UNIT (FSES/U)

The following shall be the main duties and responsibilities of the Chief, FSES/U:

1. Review and evaluate reports submitted by the Fire Safety Enforcers and
recommend approval to the concerned C/MFM having jurisdiction;
2. Assist the C/MFM having jurisdiction in implementing fire safety measures
and education programs within his/her area of responsibility to reduce fire
incidents;
3. Supervise/monitor the activities of the fire safety inspectors to ensure that
inspection is conducted in accordance with the standards and existing rules and
regulations;

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RULE 8. FIRE SAFETY ENFORCERS

4. Recommend to the C/MFM the filing of appropriate charges against the


violator of RA 9514 and its RIRR;
5. Testify in any judicial and quasi-judicial bodies on matters relating to RA 9514
and its RIRR and/or in account of his/her duties and functions as Chief, FSES/U
when needed; and

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RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

DIVISION 1. GENERAL
A.
 INSPECTION: buildings, structures, facilities and premises,
hazardous operations, storage facilities and transportation
vehicles of hazardous materials
 DETERMINATION: compliance of provisions of the Fire
Code of the Philippine; IRR done by City/Municipal Fire
Marshal having jurisdiction. Marshal having jurisdiction.

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RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

B.
 FIRE SAFETY INSPECTIONS shall be conducted as a pre-
requisite; grants of permits and/or licenses by local
governments or other government agencies.

 NO PERMIT without securing a Fire Safety Inspection


Certificate (FSIC); from City/Municipal Fire Marshal having
jurisdiction. (Occupancy permit, business or permit to
operate)
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RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

C. The Chief, FSES shall consolidate and review the findings


of the Plan Evaluator.
D. The City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction will
either approve or disapprove the evaluated plans together
with FSC.
E. No building plan shall be evaluated without the submission
of Fire and Life Safety Assessment Report 1 (FALAR 1)
in accordance with Division 3 of this Rule.
4
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

F. The City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction, through


the Costumer Relation Officer shall endorse back five (5)
copies of the approved Building Plans, together with the
FSEC and FSC to the Building Official.

5
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

SECTION 9.0.2.2 INSPECTION DURING CONSTRUCTION

- During construction, renovation, modification or


alteration, the City/Municipal Fire Marshal having
jurisdiction, on the basis of issued FSC, shall inspect the
following of fire safety.

6
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

SECTION 9.0.2.3 INSPECTION AFTER COMPLETION OF


CONSTRUCTION

A. The City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction shall


inspect the premises and issue the necessary Fire Safety
Inspection Certificate (FSIC) after construction/
renovation/ modification or alteration and prior to the
issuance of the occupancy permit by the Building Official.
7
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

B. Inspection procedure shall be as follows:

1.
 The process starts with the endorsement by the Building
Official (BO)
 The application for Occupancy Permit accompanied by a
Certificate of Completion.
 The Customer Relation Officer or designated staff shall
assess the Fire Code Fees and issue Order of Payment.
8
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

2. The prepared Inspection Order will be forwarded to Chief,


FSES for signing and recommendation.
3. The Chief, FSES will endorse the said Inspection Order
including the name of assigned FSI to the City/Municipal
Fire Marshall having jurisdiction for approval and signature.
4. The FSI shall conduct final inspection in the establishment.

9
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

5. The FSI will prepare a report of recommendation (FSIC or


Notice of Disapproval (NOD)).
6. The Chief, FSES will evaluate and recommend final action.
7. No FSIC shall be issued without the submission of Fire and
Life Safety Assessment Report 2 (FALAR 2).
8. Upon approval or disapproval, the City/Municipal Fire
Marshall having jurisdiction shall issue an FSIC or NOD.

10
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

SECTION 9.0.2.4 BUSINESS AND ROUTINE INSPECTION

A. Existing Building, Structure or Facility


 The City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction shall
inspect all buildings, structures or facilities to determine the
presence of any fire hazard, the types of occupancy, the
prohibited acts being committed as provided in Section 7 of
Republic Act 9514, and to check or test the required fire
protective and/or warning systems.
11
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

B. Industrial, Commercial or Business Operation


 The City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction shall
cause the inspection of premises of any industrial,
commercial or business operations.
C. Periodic Inspection by Fire Safety Inspectors
 The City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction shall
cause the conduct of periodic fire safety inspection of any
building, structure, facility or premises for the purpose of
determining compliance with the provisions of the Fire Code
12
and this IRR. 1
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

D. No FSIC shall be issued without the submission of Fire and


Life Safety Assessment Report 3 (FALAR 3) in
accordance with Division 3 of this Rule.

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RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

DIVISION 3. FIRE AND LIFE SAFETY ASSESSMENT


REPORT
SECTION 9.0.3.1 APPLICABILITY
A. All private and public buildings, facilities and structures to
be constructed or being constructed upon the effectivity of
this IRR shall be required to submit FALAR 1 and 2.
B. All existing private and public buildings, facilities or
structures with occupancy of at least fifty (50) persons shall
be required to submit FALAR 3. 14
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

SECTION 9.0.3.2 PROCEDURES

A.
 Three (3) sets of FALAR 1 shall be submitted with six (6)
sets of plans and specifications.
B.
 Three (3) sets of FALAR 2 shall be submitted.
C.
 Three (3) sets of FALAR 3 shall be submitted.
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RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

SECTION 9.0.3.3 FORMAT OF PREPARATION


A. FALAR 1 - Documentation on Fire and Life-Safety Features
of the Facility:

1. Objectives
2. Short Project Description
3. Statement of who is the enforcing authority for the National
Building Code and the Fire Code of the Philippines.
4. Statement of the Codes and Standards used in the design.
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RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

5. Discussion of Fire Protection and Life Safety Issues.

a. Building Classification and Construction;


b. Hazards of contents and combustible loading including fire
scenarios adopted if design is performance based;
c. Occupancy Classification;
d. Structural Requirements/Separation of Building Spaces;
e. Exit and egress description

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RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

f. Fire Suppression Description


g. Fire detection, alarm, communication and evacuation
systems
h. Smoke Control Management
i. Exit light and emergency lighting systems
j. Emergency Power Supply
k. Fire Department Access
l. Other issues not discussed above including elevator recall
and use of elevators for evacuation 18
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

B. FALAR 2 - Documentation submitted by the Contractor/s


and the Construction Manager certifying that the
construction was in accordance with the FALAR 1 and
authorized changes.

1. Short Description of Project


2. Objectives of the Report
3. Enforcing Authorities
4. Standards used for Authorized Changes.
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RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

5. Fire Protection and Life Safety Issues.


a. Building classification and construction - a statement saying
there is no deviation from FALAR 1.
b. Hazards of content and combustible loadings - description
of authorized changes from FALAR 1. If none, a statement
saying none.
c. Occupant characterization- description of any changes from

FALAR 1. If none, a statement saying none. 20


RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

d. Structural requirements and separation of building spaces


and description of authorized changes from FALAR 1.
e. Exit and Egress
f. Fire Suppression Systems
g. Fire detection, alarm, communication and evacuation
systems Smoke Control Management
h. Emergency Power Supply
i. Other issues including testing and commissioning of the
elevator recall system. 21
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

C. FALAR 3 - Documentation on the required periodic


maintenance and upkeep of the fire and life-safety features
of the facility.
1. Objectives
2. Short Description of Building or Facilities.
3. Statement on who is the enforcing authority for the National
Building Code and the Fire Code of the Philippines.
4. Statement of Testing and Maintenance Standards Used.
22
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

5. Discussions of Fire Protection and Life Safety Issues.


a. Building Classification and Construction.
b. Hazards of Content and Combustible Loadings.
c. Occupancy Classifications.
d. Separation of Building Spaces.
e. Exit and Egress
f. Fire Suppression
g. Fire detection, alarm communication and evaluation system
h. Smoke Control Management 23
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

f. Fire Suppression
g. Fire detection, alarm communication and evaluation system
h. Smoke Control Management
i. Emergency Power Supply
j. Other testing and maintenance records, including test
results of the elevator recall system.

24
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

DIVISION 4. FIRE SAFETY INSPECTION CERTIFICATE

SECTION 9.0.4.1 FSIC AS A PRE-REQUISITE FOR


ISSUANCE OF PERMIT/LICENSE

Upon compliance of the fire safety requirements under Rule 10


of this IRR, a Fire Safety Inspection Certificate (FSIC) shall be
issued by the BFP as a pre – requisite.

25
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

SECTION 9.0.4.2 DOCUMENTARY REQUIREMENTS


A. FSIC for Occupancy Permit
1. Endorsement from the Building Official (BO);
2. Photocopy of Building Permit and Assessment Occupancy
Permit Fee;
3. Copy of Fire Insurance Policy, if any;
4. Copy of Latest Fire Safety Inspection Certificate
immediately preceding this application, if any; and
5. Three (3) sets of FALAR 2. 26
RULE 9. ENFORCEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF FIRE
SAFETY MEASURES

B. FSIC for Business Permit


1. Endorsement from the Business Permit Licensing Office
(BPLO);
2. Photocopy of Building Permit and Assessment of Business
Permit Fee/Tax Bill for Business Permit;
3. Copy of Fire Insurance Policy, if any;
4. Copy of Latest Fire Safety Inspection Certificate
immediately preceding this application, if any; and
5. Three (3) sets of FALAR 3. 27
RULE 11. PROHIBITED ACTS

SECTION 11.0.0.1 PROHIBITED ACTS AND OMISSIONS

The following are declared as prohibited acts and omissions:


A. Obstructing or blocking the exit ways or across to buildings
clearly marked for fire safety purposes
B. Constructing gates, entrances and walkways to building
components and yards, and temporary or permanent
structures on public ways

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RULE 11. PROHIBITED ACTS

C. Prevention, interference or obstruction of any operation of


the fire service
D. Obstructing designated fire lanes or access to fire hydrants;
E. Overcrowding or admission of persons beyond the
authorized capacity in movie houses, theaters, coliseums,
auditoriums or other public assembly buildings, to provide
safe exits;

29
RULE 11. PROHIBITED ACTS

F. Locking fire exits during period when people are inside the
building;
G. Prevention or obstruction of the automatic closure of fire
doors or smoke partitions or dampers;
H. Use of fire protective of fire fighting equipment of the fire
service
I. Giving false or malicious fire alarms;

30
RULE 11. PROHIBITED ACTS

J. Smoking in prohibited areas as may be determined by fire


service, or throwing of burning objects in places which may
start or cause fire;
K. Abandoning or leaving a building or structure by the
occupant or owner without appropriate safety measures;

31
RULE 11. PROHIBITED ACTS

L. Removing, destroying, tampering or obliterating any


authorized mark, seal, sign or tag posted or required by the
fire service for fire safety in any
building, structure or processing equipment; and
M. Use of jumpers or tampering with electrical wiring or
overloading the electrical system beyond its designated
capacity.

32
Fire safety measures
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities

-deals with life safety from fire and like emergencies in


buildings, structures and facilities. It covers
construction, protection and occupancy features to
minimize danger to life from fire, smoke, vapor and
fumes before buildings are vacated. It also discusses
procedures and guidelines in fire drills required for all
types of occupancies to prevent panic in times of
emergencies.
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
A. Every building or structure, new or old, designed for
human occupancy shall be provided with exits sufficient to
permit the fast and safe escape of occupants in case of
fire or other emergencies.
B. Every building or structure shall be designed, constructed,
equipped, maintained and operated to avoid danger to
lives and ensure safety of its occupants from fire, smoke,
vapor and fumes, during the period of escape from the
building or structure.
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
C. Every building or structure shall be provided with exits of
kind, number, location and capacity appropriate to the
individual building or structure, with due regard for the
character of the occupancy, the number of persons
exposed, the fire protection available and the height and
type of construction of the building or structure, to afford
all occupants convenient facilities for escape.
D. Every exit of buildings or structures shall be arranged and
maintained to provide free and unobstructed egress from
all parts thereof at all times.
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
E. Every exit shall be clearly visible.
F. All means of egress shall be provided with adequate and
reliable illumination.
G. Fire alarm systems or devices shall be provided in every
building or structure of such size, arrangement, or
occupancy, to provide adequate warning to occupants.
H. Blocking of any single means of egress due to fire or
smoke, shall have at least two means of egress remote
from each other.
I. Every vertical way of exit of a building shall be suitably
enclosed to afford reasonable safety while using exits.
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
J. Required Fire Safety Programs/Measures.
K. Compliance with the Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures, and
Facilities shall not be construed as eliminating or reducing the
necessity of complying with other provisions for safety of persons
using a structure under normal occupancy conditions.
L. Construction and Repair Operations.
M. Cooking equipment shall be protected by automatic kitchen hood
fire suppression in accordance with internationally recognized
standards.
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities
CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY
Classification Number of Occupants Type of Building
1. Assembly 50 or more theaters; assembly halls;
auditoriums; museums;
restaurants; places of
worship; libraries; and
etc that is more than fifty
persons.

2. Educational 6 or more schools, universities,


colleges, academies, and
kindergartens.

3. Day Care 4 or more child day care centers


and nursery school

4. Health Care hospitals, nursing homes,


and birth centers.
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities
CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY
Classification Number of Occupants Type of Building
5. Residential Board and 4 or more Community facilities,
Care Facilities for social
rehabilitation, Assisted
living facilities

6. Detentional 1 or more adult correctional


Correctional institutions, adult or
youth detention facilities,
youth rehabilitation
center
7. Residential those occupancies in
which sleeping
accommodations
are provided

8. Mercantile structures for the display


and/or sale of
merchandise.
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities
CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY
Classification Number of Occupants Type of Building
9. Business general offices,
city/municipal halls, BPO,
call centers, Internet
shops, massage parlors,
beauty parlors,
barbershops of
less than fifty (50)
occupants, and court
houses

10. Industrial factories that make


products of all kinds
11. Storage all buildings or structures
utilized primarily for the
storage

12. Mixed Occupancies two (2) or more classes


of occupancies
occurring/located/situate
d/existing
in the same building
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities
CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCY

Classification Number of Occupants Type of Building


13. Special structures special buildings and
structures shall conform
to the fundamental
guidelines provided for
general requirements
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities
CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARD OF CONTENT

Classification Definition
A. Low Hazard Those of such low combustibility that
no self-propagating fire therein can
occur.

B. Moderate Hazard Those which are liable to burn with


moderate rapidity.

C. High Hazard Those which are liable to burn with


extreme rapidity or from which
poisonous gases or
explosions are to be expected in the
event of fire.
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities
EXIT MARKING
•Directional Sign Requirements
-300mm-600mm from the floor to the line
of vision and shall have a narrow width of
(76 mm) painted on the wall by a photo
luminescent paint
•Size of Sign

plainly legible externally


letters illuminated
Height of letter: Height of letter:
150mm 115mm

Width of Width of
strokes: 19mm strokes: 19mm
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities

EMERGENCY EVACUATION PLAN


An emergency evacuation plan shall be posted on strategic and
conspicuous locations in the building containing the following basic
information:
1. “You Are Here/ room number/ building” Marking
2. Fire Exits
3. Primary Route to Exit (Nearest to the viewer)
4. Secondary Route to Exit (Second nearest to the viewer)
5. Fire alarm pull stations and annunciators
6. Fire extinguishers/ hose cabinets
7. Emergency Light
8. First Aid Kits locations (if applicable)
9. Emergency Call stations (if applicable)
10. Areas of safe refuge (for high-rise building)
11. Assembly areas instructions
12. “In Case of Emergency” instructions
Fire Safety in Buildings, Structures and Facilities
Fire code
FIRE CODE
• How many sq. meters for every fire exits
• How to open fire exit doors

70
How many sq. meters for every fire exits

71
How many sq. meters for every fire exits
• Based on the given minimum
dimensions. The minimum Area required
for fire exits should be:
For a door:
H x W= 2m x 0.915m = 1.83 sq. meters.

72
73
How many sq. meters for every fire exits

74
How many sq. meters for every fire exits

75
How many sq. meters for every fire exits
• The Number of Means of Egress – it is
the number of passage or exit door
required depends on the type of building
and its capacity. This is based on the Fire
Code of the Philippines.

76
How many sq. meters for every fire exits

77
How many sq. meters for every fire exits
• The table shown is about
the dimensions required for
the fire escape stairs based
on the Fire Code of the
Philippines.

78
How many sq. meters for every fire exits
• Dimension for Existing Stairs and New
Stairs:

79
How many sq. meters for every fire exits

80
81
How many sq. meters for every fire exits
• Dimensions for Curved and Spiral Stairs:

82
How many sq. meters for every fire exits

83
84
How to open Fire Exit Doors

85
86
How to open Fire Exit Doors

87
88
How to open Fire Exit Doors

89
90
How to open Fire Exit Doors

91
92
How to open Fire Exit Doors

93
94
How to open Fire Exit Doors

95
96
How to open Fire Exit Doors

97
98
How to open Fire Exit Doors

99
100
How to open Fire Exit Doors

101
102
Fire ratings
OUTLINE OF THE PRESENTATION:
• Definition
• Purpose
• Evaluating materials
• Flame-spread rating
• Flame-resistive rating

104
FIRE RATINGS
• A fire-rated wall is a feature of a building's
passive fire protection system that has been
checked and certified by the proper regulatory
agency. It is necessary to pump out
groundwater from trenches, excavations, and
places with inadequate slope to ensure a safe
and secure workplace and environment

105
PURPOSE OF FIRE-RATING TEST
• The purpose of such testing is to provide
architects and fire protection engineers
with adequate information so that they can
select appropriate material that will not
contribute to the problem of life safety from
fire within structures.

106
FIRE-SPREAD RATING
• When evaluating building materials for fire safety, many
factors including ignition temperature, smoke toxicity
and flame-spread are considered.
• Flame-spread, used to describe the surface burning
characteristics of building materials, is one of the most
tested fire performance properties of a material.
• The best known test for developing this rating is the
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Test
Method E-84, commonly known as the tunnel test.
• Many factors influence fire spread within buildings, and
one of the most important is the interior finish
material. 107
Class A - Flame-spread 0-25,
smoke developed 0-450.
Class B - Flame-spread 26-75,
smoke developed 0-450.
Class C - Flame-spread 76-200,
smoke developed 0-450. 108
FIRE-RESISTIVE RATING
• Exterior wall construction can be classified by
its fire-resistance.

• A fire-resistive rating is the time that exterior


wall construction can withstand fire exposure as
determined by a standard fire test. Wall
construction can be classified as 4-hour, 3-hour,
2-hour, 1-hour and non-rated construction.

109
• A fire-resistive rating is the time that exterior wall
construction can withstand fire exposure as determined by a
standard fire test. Wall construction can be classified as 4-
hour, 3-hour, 2-hour, 1-hour and non-rated construction.
• Wood studs used in exterior wall assemblies are given a rating
of 20 minutes (1997 U.B.C. Standards). If the space between
the wood studs is filled with rock-wool insulation batts or
glass-wool batts, an additional 15 minutes is allowed.
• The Fire Resistance Directory, published by the Underwriters
Laboratory, lists many examples of fire-resistant exterior wall
construction. Log and heavy timber construction is also
considered 1-hour construction. Brick, real stucco, block, and
stone meet or exceed the 1-hour requirements.

110
Wood

111
Concrete

Depending on the thickness of the wall,


the density of the units and the amount of
grout used, concrete masonry walls can
provide up to a four hour fire rating.
Additionally, concrete masonry walls
pass the hose stream test unlike
other fire rated wall systems 112
Fire SPRINKLER SYSTEM

1
Fire Sprinkler System

• An integrated network of hydraulically


designed piping system installed in a building,
structure or area with outlets arranged in a
systematic pattern which automatically
discharges water when activated by heat or
combustion products from a fire.
• Fire sprinkler systems are extensively used
worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler
heads fitted each year. In buildings
completely protected by fire sprinkler
systems, over 96% of fires were controlled by
fire sprinklers alone.
3
History
• Leonardo da Vinci designed a sprinkler system in the 15th
century. Leonardo automated his patron's kitchen with a
super-oven and a system of conveyor belts. In a comedy of
errors, everything went wrong during a huge banquet, and a
fire broke out. "The sprinkler system worked all too well,
causing a flood that washed away all the food and a good
part of the kitchen.“

4
History

• Da Vinci's mixed experiment may have paved the way for future fire
sprinkler systems, but the first automatic sprinklers emerged much later.
Some of the first designs for an automatic sprinkler system developed in
the early 1800s. By the 1870s, multiple American inventors had filed for
patents on automatic fire sprinklers. While Phillip H. Pratt received the
first patent in 1872, Henry S. Parmalee is viewed as the inventor of the
first practical automatic sprinkler system two years later.

4
11/5/19
Types

• Today's fire sprinkler system types vary with the climate, specific fire
hazards, and the presence of electronic equipment

Today, there are four main types of sprinkler systems:


• Wet pipe
• Dry pipe
• Preaction
• Deluge

5
11/5/19
Types

• The wet pipe fire sprinkler system

-In a wet pipe fire sprinkler system, the pipes


supplying fire sprinklers have water in them at all
times. When a fire sprinkler activates, the water
discharges immediately. Sprinkler heads in this type
of fire sprinkler system do not all discharge
simultaneously.

6
Types

• The wet pipe fire sprinkler system


-Wet-pipe fire sprinkler systems are
reliable and relatively easy to install.
And because they have fewer
components than other automatic
fire protection systems, wet pipe
systems are easier to maintain.
However, freezing temperatures can
damage the water-filled pipe and
other components in wet-pipe
systems

7
Types

• The dry pipe fire sprinkler system


-A dry pipe sprinkler system contains
compressed air within the pipes. This
type of fire sprinkler system
maintains pressure with an electric
air compressor, nitrogen bottles, or
another supply system. When a fire
sprinkler head opens, the
compressed air discharges and water
fills system piping.

8.
The red pipes branching throughout this parking garage are likely part of a dry-pipe fire sprinkler system
Types

• The preaction fire sprinkler system


-Like a dry-pipe system, preaction fire
sprinkler systems have air-filled
piping. However, a preaction system
requires one or two extra events for
sprinkler discharge: usually, the
opening of a fire sprinkler head and
the separate detection of flame, heat,
or smoke.

Preaction systems can prevent expensive false positives in art galleries and elsewhere.

9
Types

• The preaction fire sprinkler system


-Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, the National Fire Protection
Association describes three types of preaction systems:

• Single-interlock - allows water to pass into the piping only when detection devices
operate.
• Non-interlock - releases water into the system when the detection devices OR the
automatic sprinkler heads operate.
• Double-interlock - respond more slowly than the other two types of preaction
systems.

10
Types

• The deluge fire sprinkler system


-Deluge sprinkler systems behave like
a preaction system with one major
difference: all of the fire sprinkler
heads remain permanently open. This
type of fire sprinkler system is
designed to activate when an
initiating device, like a smoke
detector, sends a signal to a
monitoring panel. This panel opens a
solenoid valve, which releases the
extinguishing material. 11
A foam system activates in an aircraft hanger
Design

Sprinkler systems are intended to either control the fire or to suppress the fire. Control
mode sprinklers are intended to control the heat release rate of the fire to prevent
building structure collapse, and pre-wet the surrounding combustibles to prevent fire
spread. The fire is not extinguished until the burning combustibles are exhausted or
manual extinguishment is effected by fire fighters. Suppression mode sprinklers are
intended to result in a severe sudden reduction of the heat release rate of the fire,
followed quickly by complete extinguishment, prior to manual intervention.

12
Design

Most sprinkler systems installed today are designed using an area and density
approach. First the building use and building contents are analyzed to determine the
level of fire hazard. Usually buildings are classified as light hazard, ordinary hazard
group 1, ordinary hazard group 2, extra hazard group 1, or extra hazard group 2.
After determining the hazard classification, a design area and density can be
determined by referencing tables in the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
standards. The design area is a theoretical area of the building representing the
worst case area where a fire could burn. The design density is a measurement of
how much water per square foot of floor area should be applied to the design area.

13
Design

14
WATER
TANK
REQUIREMENT

1
WATER TANK REQUIREMENT

• A water storage tank is a reservoir to


store water for industrial, home use and
firefighting. Tanks made from steel have
the potential to corrode and leak if not
properly protected internally from water
containing chlorine and externally from
soil.
• They can be vertical, horizontal,
underground and potable, and can be
made from plastic, steel, fiberglass, stone
or concrete. Water tank leakage and
corrosion as well as bacterial growth are
threats to the tank.
3
WATER TANK REQUIREMENT

RA9514 IRR
SECTION 10.5.7.1 .C

“ll reservoir or water tanks must


provide a 20% fire reserve over
and above the Average Daily
Demand Supply (ADDS). “

4
Pressure and Gravity Tanks

SECTION 10.2.6.D.4.E

• Pressure or gravity tanks shall have a


capacity sufficient to furnish at least
two hundred sixty five (265) liters of
water per minutes for thirty (30)
minutes.
• Other such tanks shall be located so
as to provide not less than one and
eight-tenths (1.8) kilos per square
centimeters residual pressure from
each of two (2) outlets flowing
simultaneously for thirty (30) minutes.

11/5/19
Pressure and Gravity Tanks

SECTION 10.2.6.D.4.E

• All tanks shall be equipped with a


manhole, ladder and platform,
drainpipe, water pressure gauges, and
a pressure relief valve.

• Each pressure tanks shall be tested in


place after installation and proved tight
at a hydrostatic pressure required, but
not less than ten (10) kilogram per
square centimeters.

11/5/19
DRY
AND WET
STANDPIPE

1
What is a Fire Protection Standpipe?

NFPA (National Fire Protection Association) defines standpipes as:


“arrangement of piping, valves, hose connections, and associated
equipment installed in a building or structure, with the hose
connections located in such a manner that water can be discharged
in streams or spray patterns through attached hose and nozzles,
for the purpose of extinguishing a fire, thereby protecting a building
or structure and its contents in addition to protecting the occupants”

2
11/5/19
• Simply put, standpipe systems are:
• network of piping in a building fed by a water supply and featuring
numerous outlets for the water
• essentially indoor fire hydrants that allow occupants, firefighters, or both
to access water to fight fires
• just like the elevator brake, they have made the construction and safe
use of tall buildings possible

3
Types of Standpipe Systems

• Automatic wet standpipe systems


• Automatic dry standpipe systems
• Semiautomatic dry standpipe systems
• Manual wet standpipe systems
• Manual dry standpipe systems

4
Automatic wet standpipe systems

• have pressurized water in their pipes at all times


• when a hose outlet is opened, water immediately flows
from them, hence the word “automatic”
• practical impact is that these systems do not require
firefighters to supply water and pressure to the system to
make them work
• not suited for environments where low temperatures will
cause water to freeze and damage the pipes
• commonly used in high rise buildings where it would be
impractical for the fire department to pump enough water
at a high enough pressure to deliver water to high floors
5
• Automatic dry standpipe systems

• Contains pressurized air in the pipe


• Environmental temperature must be at least 40 °F for
installation.
 System piping and hose valves can be stored at lower
temps.

• Found in residential multi-family mid-rise buildings

6
Semiautomatic dry standpipe systems

• Contains pressurized air or


atmospheric air in the pipe
• Water enters pipe through activation of
remote control device.
• Environmental temperature must be at
least 40 °F.
• Found in industrial complexes or public
areas where features are exposed to
varying weather

7
Manual wet standpipe systems

•  

8
Manual dry standpipe systems

Does not have an attached water
supply


Fire fighters must connect a water
source to the fire department
section.


Common in remote or freestanding
structures such as parking garages
where environment is hard to monitor

9
FIRE ESCAPES
for STAIRS, LADDERS AND
SLIDE ESCAPES
REQUIREMENTS
A. Fire Escape Stairs

a. Fire escape stairs


shall not constitute
more than 50% of
the required exit
capacity in any
case.
b. Fire escape stairs
shall not be
accepted as
constituting any
part of the required
means of egress for
new building.
c. Fire escape shall
provide a
continuous
unobstructed safe
path of travel to
the ground or
other safe area of
refuge to which
they lead
d. Where the fire
escape is not
continuous, as in
cases where stairs
lead to an adjoining
roof, which must be
clearly indicated, and
suitable walkways
with handrails shall
be provided where
necessary.
e. Where a single
means of egress
consists of a
combination of inside
stairs and fire escape
stairs, each shall comply
with the applicable
provision of this
Chapter, and the two
shall be so arranged
and connected as to
provide a continuous
safe path of travel.
Types

Return platform types with superimposed runs


Types

Straight run type, with platform continuing in the same direction


Types
Either of these may be parallel to or at right angle to
the building. They may be attached to buildings or
erected independently of them and connected
bridges.
Stair Details
PARTICULARS DIMENSIONS
Minimum widths 60 cm clear between rails
Minimum horizontal dimension any landing of 60 cm
platform
Maximum rise 23 cm
Minimum tread, exclusive of nosing 23 cm
Tread construction Solid, 13mm diameter perforation permitted
Winders (spiral) None
Risers None
Maximum height between landings 3.66 m
Headroom, Minimum 2.00 m
Access to escape Door or casement windows 61 cm by 1.98 m
or double hung windows 76.20 cm by 91.44
cm clear
Level of access opening Not over 30.50 cm above floor; steps if
higher
Discharge to ground Swinging stair section permitted
Capacity number of persons 45 per unit access by door; 20 if access
by climbing over window rail
Arrangement and Protection of Openings

 Fire escape stairs shall be so arranged that they will be


exposed by the smallest possible or window and door
openings.

 There shall be no
transom over doors.

 Every opening, any portion of which is in the limits


specified below, shall be completely protected by approved
fire doors or metal-frame wired glass windows in the same
manner as provided for outside stairs and outside ramps.
Access

 Where access is by way of double windows, such


windows shall be so counterbalanced and
maintained that they can be readily opened with
a minimum of physical effort. Insert screens, if
any, on any type of opening giving access to fire,
an escape stair shall be of types that may be
readily opened or pushed out. No storm sash
shall be used on any window providing to fire
escape stairs.
Access

 Fire escape stairs shall extend to the roof in all


cases where the roof is subject to occupancy or
is constructed and arranged to provide an area
of refuge from fire. In all cases where stairs do
not extend to the roof, access thereto shall be
provided by a Fire Escape Ladder, except that
such ladders are not required in the case of
roofs with pitch or slope steeper than sixteen
and two-thirds (16.67%) percent.
Access

 Balconies, to which access is secured through


windows with sills above the inside floor level,
shall be not more than forty six centimeters (46
cm) below the sill. In no case shall be balcony
level be above the sill.
Guards and Handrails

All fire escape shall have


walls or guards on both
sides, one hundred seven
centimeters (107 cm) and
ninety one centimeters (91
cm) for fire escape for
every small buildings, the
height being measured
vertically from a point on
the stair tread twenty five
millimeters (25 mm) back
from the leading edge, or
vertically above any
landings or balcony floor
level.
Guards and Handrails

All fire escape shall have


handrails on both sides,
not less than seventy six
centimeters (76 cm) not
more than one hundred
seven centimeters (107
cm) high, measured
vertically from a point on
the stair tread twenty five
millimeters (25mm) back
from the leading
edge
Guards and Handrails

Handrails and guards shall


be so constructed as to
withstand a force of ninety
one kilograms (91 kg)
applied downward or
horizontally at any point.
B. Fire Escape Ladders

Elevated platforms around


machinery or similar spaces
subject to occupancy by not
more than three able-bodied
adults and in single and two
family dwellings and
residential apartments of
not more than three (3)
storey provided that the
height shall not exceed nine
meters (9 m). For purposes
of this subsection,
mezzanine floors shall be
counted as ordinary floor.
Materials and Strength
a. Iron, steel, or reinforced or concrete or other approved
noncombustible material shall be used for the construction
of fire stairs, balconies, railings, and other features
appurtenant thereto.

b. Balconies and stairs shall be designed to carry a load of


four hundred eighty eight (488) kilos per square meter or a
concentrated load of one hundred thirty six (136) kilos so
located as to produce maximum stress conditions.

c. Balcony and stair enclosure and railings shall be designed


to withstand a horizontal force of seventy five (75) kilos per
meter of railing or enclosure without serious deflection
Installation
 All ladders shall be
permanently installed in fixed
position, supported by rigid
connection to the building or
structure at intervals not
exceeding three meters (3 m).

 Where ladders provide access


to roofs or elevated
platforms, rails shall extend
not less than one hundred
fourteen centimeters (114
cm) above roofline or
platform floor or above
coping or parapet, Extension
of side rails to roof shall be
carried over coping or
parapet to afford hand hold.
 Ladders shall be arranged
parallel to buildings or
structures with ravel either
between ladder and
buildings, in which case
minimum clearance center
of rungs and buildings shall
be sixty eight centimeters
(68 cm), or outside of
ladder, in which case
minimum clearance
between center of rungs
and buildings shall be
sixteen centimeters (16 cm).
 Ladders shall be
vertical or
positively inclined.
Materials and Strength

Ladders shall be constructed of iron, of


steel or of other metal in design having
equivalent strength and resistance to
corrosion.

Rails of iron or steel ladders shall not


less than one and one-fourth
centimeters (1.25 cm) by five
centimeters (5 cm) in section, not less
than forty centimeters (40 cm) apart.
Rungs shall not less than twenty two
millimeters (22 mm) diameter and shall be
riveted or welded in position not less than
twenty five centimeters (25 cm) nor more
than thirty and one-half centimeters (30.5 cm)
on center.

The lowest rung of any ladder shall be


not more than thirty and
one half centimeters (30.5 cm) above
the level of the ground or
balcony floor beneath it.
C. Slide Escape
Use and Capacity
 Slide escapes, where permitted as required
exits, shall be rated at one exit unit per
slide, with rated travel capacity of 60
persons per minute.

 Slide escapes, except as permitted for


high hazard manufacturing buildings or
structures, shall not constitute more
than twenty five (25%) percent of the
required number of units of exit width
from any building or structure or any
individual storey or floor thereof.
STAIRS STAIRS

All of the following information is according to the Fire Code of the Philiipines
General
• All stairways designated as a means of
egress shall be continuous from the
uppermost floor level down to ground
floor.

166
Dimension Criteria for New Stairs
Feature mm in
Maximum height of Risers 180 7
Minimum height if Risers 100 4
Minimum Tread depth 280 11
Minimum Headroom 2000 80
Maximum height between 3660 144
landings

167
Dimension Criteria for Existing Stair
Feature mm In
Minimum width clear of all
obstruction, except projections
not more than 114mm (4 ½ in) 915 36
at or below handrail height on
each side
Maximum height of Risers 205 8
Minimum Tread depth 230 9
Minimum headroom 2000 80
Maximum height between
landings 3660 144

168
Minimum New Stair Width
a) Where the total occupant load of all
storeys served by the stair is fewer than
50, the minimum width clear of all
obstructions, except projections not
more than 114 mm at or below handrail
height on each side, shall be 915 mm.

169
b) Where stairs serve occupant loads
exceeding that permitted by (a) of this
Section, the minimum width clear of all
obstructions, except projections not
more than 114 mm at or below handrail
height on each side, shall be in accordance
with Table 3 and the requirements of para
(c), (d), and (e) of this Section.

170
Table 3
Total Cumulative
Occupant Load mm in
Assigned to the Stair

<2000 persons 1120 44


≥2000 persons 1420 56

171
c) The total cumulative occupant load
assigned to a particular stair shall be that
stair’s prorated share of the total occupant
load, as stipulated in (d) and (e),
calculated in proportion to the stair width.

172
d) For downward egress travel, stair
width shall be based on the total number
of occupants from storeys above the
level where the width is measured.

173
e) For upward egress travel, stair width
shall be based on the total number of
occupants from storeys below the level
where the width is measured.

174
Curved Stairs

175
• Curved stairs shall be permitted as a
component in a means of egress,
provided that the depth of tread is not
less than 280 mm at a 305 mm from the
narrowest end of the tread and the
smallest radius is not less than twice the
stair width.

176
Spiral Stairs

177
Spiral stairs as a component of means of
egress shall comply with the following:
1. Riser heights shall not exceed one 180
mm.
2. The stairway shall have a tread depth of
not less than 280 mm for a portion of
stairway width sufficient to provide
egress capacity for the occupant load

178
3. At the outer side of the stairway, an additional 265
mm of width shall be provided clear to the other
handrail, and this width shall not be included as
part of the required egress capacity.
4. The inner handrail shall be located within six
hundred ten millimeters (610 mm), measured
horizontally, of the point where a tread depth of
not less than two hundred eighty millimeters (280
mm) is provided.

179
Where the occupant load served does not exceed
three, spiral stairs shall be permitted, provided that
the following criteria are met:
1. The clear width of the stairs shall be not less than
660 mm.
2. The height of risers shall not exceed 240 mm.
3. The headroom shall be not less than 198 cm.
4. Treads shall have a depth of not less than 190 mm
at a point 305 mm from the narrower edge.

180
FIRE HOSE
CABINET

1
FIRE HOSE CABINET REQUIREMENT

• A fire hose is the most used item by


firefighters during a fire emergency.

• Larger diameter hoses carry more


water at low pressure, while smaller
diameter hoses expel less water at
high pressure

• The most common length starts from


50 ft (15 meters) and reach 100 ft (30
meters).
3
FIRE HOSE CABINET
RA9514 IRR
SECTION 10.2.6.6.4.d.

“...An approved hose reel rack or


cabinet shall be provided and shall
be located so as to make the hose
accessible. The hose reel rack or
cabinet shall be recessed in the wall
or protected by suitable cabinet.”

4
REQUIREMENT

•1. They must be large enough that they don’t


slow the “prompt use” of hose connections,
hoses, and associated equipment
•2. 2” of clearance must be provided between
any part of the cabinet (excluding the door)
and a hose connection at all times—even
when the valve is fully opened
•3. Cabinets may only store fire equipment
and must be clearly identified, with their
contents marked
5
REQUIREMENT

• 4. Devices used to open “break glass”


panels must be attached “in the immediate
area” of the panel and “arranged so that the
device cannot be used to break other glass
panels in the cabinet door”
• 5. Cabinets must not interfere with the fire
resistance of surrounding assemblies.

6
END

186

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