Neoplasia I
Neoplasia I
Neoplasia I
Nomenclature,
Epidemiology
Benign & Malignant tumours
Everything one does to gain
livelihood or for pleasure is
fattening, immoral, illegal or
even worse oncogenic.
Cancer = Latin for “crab”
Introduction
Neoplasm
Benign Malignant
Carcinoma Sarcoma
BENIGN
A neoplasm which does not invade
adjacent tissues or spread to distant sites.
Usually not lethal.
However, may be life-threatening if:
it forms in a critical location
it grows to a large size
it ulcerates or bleeds
my = muscle
oma = benign
CARCINOMA
A malignant neoplasm which arises from
an epithelial cell.
SARCOMA
A malignant neoplasm which arises from
a mesenchymal cell.
MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
Ex:
squamous carcinoma - malignant neoplasm arising
from cartilage.
Exceptions to
nomenclature rules
Historically names for malignant
neoplasms which have been carried over into
current use BUT,end with the suffix “oma”.
Ex:
Melanoma: a malignant neoplasm arising from
melanocytes in the skin
lymphoma: a malignant neoplasm arising in lymph
nodes
hepatoma: a malignant neoplasm arising in the liver
Confusing Terms
Malignant tumors that sound benign
• lymphoma
• mesothelioma
• melanoma
• seminoma
Non-tumors that sound like tumors
• hamartoma – mass of disorganized indigenous tissue
• choristoma – heterotopic rest of cells
Names that seem to come out of nowhere
• nevus
• leukemia
• hydatidiform mole
Know these names!
Tissue of origin Benign Malignant
Fibrous tissue Fibroma Fibrosarcoma
Fat Lipoma Liposarcoma
Cartilage Chondroma Chondrosarcoma
Bone Osteoma Osteogenic sarcoma
Blood vessels Hemangioma Angiosarcoma
Mesothelium Mesothelioma
Hematopoietic cells Leukemia
Lymphoid cells Lymphoma
Squamous epithelium Squamous cell papilloma Squamous cell carcinoma
Glandular epithelium Adenoma Adenocarcinoma
Papilloma Papillary adenocarcinoma
Cystadenoma Cystadenocarcinoma
Smooth muscle Leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma
Skeletal muscle Rhabdomyoma Rhabdomyosarcoma
Melanocytes Nevus Melanoma
Nomenclature of tumors
Epihelial tumors
Stratified squamous
Squamous cell or epidermoid
Squamous cell papilloma
Basal cells of skin or adnexa carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma
Epithelial lining
Glands or ducts
Adenoma
Adenocarcinoma
Papilloma
Papillary carcinoma
Cystadenoma
Cystadenocarcinoma
Nomenclature of tumors