Male Rep System

ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
OF
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
SYSTEM
KOTA VAMSHI
2111BS080048
EMCCT II YEAR
SOAHS,MRUH
INTRODUCTION
The male sex organs comprise a complex arrangement of internal
and external genital organs. Their function is concerned with
reproduction and sexual pleasure. The internal genital organs are the
male gonads (testis), epididymis, a series of ducts and the accessory
glands. The penis and scrotum compose the external sexual organs.
ANATOMY
Internal genitalia External genitalia

• Testis • Distal urethra
• Epididymis
• Scrotum
• Ductus deferens
• Ejaculatory ducts • Penis
• Seminal Vesicles
• Prostate glands
• Bulbourethral glands
PENIS (COPULATORY ORGAN)
The penis is the Copulatory organ of the external male
genitalia. Its functions are to provide an outlet for urine
and seminal fluid, as it transmits the urethra.
The penis is divided into three parts: root, body and
glans.
• The root is found in the superficial perineal pouch,
attaching the penis to the perineum.
• The penile body consists of three erectile tissues:
the unpaired corpus spongiosum and paired corpora
cavernosa.
• The glans penis is the most distal portion of the
corpus spongiosum. A duplicator of skin called the
prepuce surrounds the glans and protects it.
SCROTUM
The scrotum is a cutaneous sac that
contains the testes and lower parts of the
spermatic cord. It consists of two
layers: skin (superficially) and dartos
fascia of scrotum (deep). Smooth muscle
fibres of the dartos muscle pervade
through the dartos fascia. Contraction of
the dartos muscle gives the scrotum its
wrinkled appearance.
The primary scrotum function is to
maintain adequate temperature for the
testes to produce sperm. This is achieved
by the conjunction of two muscles:
• the dartos muscle
• the cremaster muscle
TESTIS
The Testes (singular: testis) are two oval-
shaped male internal genital organs found
within the scrotum. Their function is to
produce sperm and the hormone
testosterone.
Testes comprise an intricate network of
tubules and dispersed secretory cells. The
former are the convoluted seminiferous
tubules and rete testis, and the latter are
Leydig and Sertoli cells. Each of them plays
a vital role in spermatogenesis.
PROSTATE GLAND
The prostate is an unpaired gland of the male
reproductive system. It is found inferior to the
urinary bladder, and is penetrated by the urethra.
The prostate function is to produce fluid secreted
into the urethra during ejaculation. Its role is
supported by the other accessory reproductive
glands, that is the seminal vesicle and
bulbourethral gland (Cowper’s gland). Male
accessory reproductive gland excretions flow
into the prostatic part of the urethra via the
ejaculatory duct. Together with spermatozoa,
they form semen.
Epididymis
The epididymis is located on the posterior surface of the
testis. It is made up of series of ducts and its main function is
storage and maturation of spermatozoa. The epididymis is
divided into three parts: the head, which is connected to the
testis efferent ductules, the body and the tail. The epididymis
tail continues distally as the ductus deferens.
Spermatic cord
The spermatic cord conveys the neurovascular bundle of the
testes and suspends them in the scrotum. The bundle consists
of arteries, nerves, pampiniform plexus, ductus deferens,
lymphatic vessels and tunica vaginalis to the testes and
cremaster muscle. Enclosing these neurovascular structures
are three tissue layers: external spermatic fascia, cremaster
muscle and internal spermatic fascia.
Blood Supply Innervation
Internal genitalia: Internal genitalia:
• Testicular artery • Lumbar splanchnic nerves
• Superior vesical artery • Hypogastric and pelvic
• Inferior vesical arteries plexuses (sympathetic)
• Middle rectal arteries • Pelvic splanchnic nerves
External genitalia: (parasympathetic)
• Internal pudendal artery External genitalia:
• External pudendal artery • Pudendal nerve (sensory,
• Drainage by respective sympathetic, somatic motor)
veins • Prostatic plexus
(parasympathetic)
Lymphatic drainage
• paraaortic lymph nodes
• Other
genitalia: inguinal
lymph nodes, internal
iliac lymph nodes
Anatomy
The mammalian sperm cell can be divided in 2
SPERM
parts:
•Head: contains the nucleus with densely coiled
chromatin fibres, surrounded anteriorly by a
thin, flattened sac called the acrosome, which
contains enzymes used for penetrating the
female egg. It also contains vacuoles.
•Tail: also called the flagellum, is the longest
part and capable of wave-like motion that
propels sperm for swimming and aids in the
Physiolog
penetration of the egg.The tail was formerly
ythought
The main tosperm
move function
symmetrically in a the ovum
is to reach
helical
and fuseshape.
with it to deliver two sub-cellular
structures:
(i) the male pronucleus that contains the
genetic material.
Testicular Cancer
Testicular cancer is one of the most beatable cancers
when detected early. Nearly all men are cured.
Cancer of the Penis (Penile Cancer)

Cancer of the penis, or penile cancer, rarely affects men
under 40, and only 1 in 100,000 men overall. It is a
potentially fatal condition. With penile cancer, tumours
usually appear on the end of the penis or on the foreskin.
Phimosis (Foreskin Problems)

When boys are first born, their foreskin is tight. Over
time it gradually loosens until it can be easily pulled back
over the penis head (glans). Phimosis occurs when the
foreskin remains unusually tight and cannot be drawn
back.
Testicular Torsion
Testicular torsion occurs occurs due to the rotation and
twisting of the testicle. This causes swelling and evetually
cuts off the blood supply to the testicle.
Male Infertility
Infertility is the inability to produce children after
at least one year of unprotected intercourse. About
one in six couples have difficulty getting
pregnant, and male infertility is the cause in a
quarter of cases.
Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the persistent or recurrent
inability to achieve or maintain an erection sufficient for
sexual activity. It is sometimes known as 'impotence'.
Hydrocele
A hydrocele is a collection of fluid around the testicle
beneath its outer covering. If the hydrocele is small and
doesn’t cause any troubling symptoms, it may not require
any treatment.
Varicoceles
A varicocele is a varicose vein above the testicles. All
veins have valves inside them that keep the blood moving
in one direction. With varicose veins, these valves have
failed and blood can pool, eventually making the veins
bulge.

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ANATOMY AND

Internal genitalia External genitalia

Cancer of the Penis (Penile Cancer)

Phimosis (Foreskin Problems)

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