CLOUD

COMPUTING
Session 1
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus Arun Vadekkedhil
Session Agenda

Cloud Computing – An Overview

– Introductions – Tutor, Course & Students
– Paradigms & Distributed Computing

– origins & Motivation for Cloud

– What is Cloud Computing
– Is Cloud Computing for me?

Types of Clouds & Service Deployment

– 3-4-5 Rule of Cloud Computing
– Cloud Infrastructure & Deployment

Wrap Up
– Perceived benefits of Cloud ecosystem
– Challenges to Overcome
– Advantages & Disadvantages
– Commercial offering of Cloud services
– Reality Check

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 BITS Pilani
Pilani | Dubai | Goa | Hyderabad

Introductions
 Introductions
About Myself About the Course
• Name : Arun Vadekkedhil • Units: 5
• Profession : Solutions Architect Objective :
• Interests : Tutoring, writing
• Contact : 9881300394

Graduated from BITS Pilani in 1995, have

over 24 years of IT experience, Tutor
for the past 8 years

Evaluation Components

1 Assignment
2 Quizzes.

2 Written Exams
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 BITS Pilani
Pilani | Dubai | Goa | Hyderabad

Cloud – An Introduction
What is Cloud Computing

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Facts about Cloud

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Why is it Called Cloud
Cloud computing, eponymously is named after the cloud symbol used in architecture
documents.

By now, you must be aware that this has no relation to its namesake from the
meteorology department, but It simply means that we are using the internet to
store data on remote servers, rather than storing them locally on our hard disks.

Many types of Cloud Computing Applications Exist. Depending on the need of your IT
the type of cloud solution may vary.

Cloud Computing is up to 40 times more cost-effective for an SMB compared to

running its own IT system or department.

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 BITS Pilani
Pilani | Dubai | Goa | Hyderabad

Cloud – Origins & Motivation

 Origins

We are at a major inflexion point in computing today.

Traditional computational models are now passé.

Amazon started the concept by renting spare

computing power from their retail business.

Web and mobile technologies have resulted in

information explosion. This means traditional
computing power is not enough to process data.

To solve this challenge, we need to use large scale

distributed networks. These distributed networks
evolved to the Cloud technology.

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Paradigms

Types of Distributed Computing

• Parallel Computing : Parallel computing is a form of computation in which many calculations are carried out
simultaneously, operating on the principle that large problems can often be divided into smaller ones, which
are then solved concurrently ("in parallel")
• Cluster : A cluster is a group of loosely coupled computers that work together closely, so that in some
respects they can be regarded as a single computer.
• Grids : Grid computing is the most distributed form of parallel computing. It makes use of computers
communicating over the Internet to work on a given problem.

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Paradigms

Cloud is the convergence of several traditional

computing technologies
Web Technologies
Web Services
SOA (Service Oriented Architectures)
Distributed Computing
Grids
Clusters
We are now experiencing computing as a service
provided by professional organizations, which is served
through the medium of high speed internet.
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How do we define Cloud ?

•The applications and services that run on a distributed network

using virtualized resources and accessed by common Internet
protocols and networking standards comes under Cloud computing.
Cloud computing converts the technology, services, and
applications that are similar to those on the Internet into a self-
service utility Communicate and coordinate actions by passing
messages.

•Cloud computing is based on the concept of pooling physical

resources and presenting them as a virtual resource. This computing
model supports a new way of provisioning resources, staging
applications and for using applications.

•It’s bringing computing on an internet scale.

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 Terms to Remember

Abstraction :
The details of system implementation is hidden from users and
developers.
Applications run on unspecified physical systems with unknown
locations for data, with outsourced system administration of
systems.

Virtualization:
The resourced are pooled and shared among the users giving
them the illusion that they are the sole owner of the resource.
Also resources scales up/down in really short time and without
human intervention, charged on metered basis, with multi-
tenancy support.

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Cloud – NIST & the AAS es

 NIST 3-4-5 Rule for
Cloud

• 3 cloud service models or service

types for any cloud platform
• 4 Deployment models
• 5 Essential characteristics of
cloud computing infrastructure

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Cloud Service Models (AAS
es)

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Infrastructure as a Service

Why IaaS
Resources are distributed as a service
Iaas provides the following ● Allows dynamic scaling
● Servers- compute, machines ( 1...10....100.....)
● Storage ● Has a variable costs-
● Network ● Generally includes multiple-users on a
● Operating system single piece of hardware. (multi-
tenancy)

Enabler : Virtualization Technology

Manageability and Interoperability
Availability and Reliability
Scalability and Elasticity
IaaS can be obtained as The user instead of purchasing-
(1) Public or servers, software, data center space
(2) Private infrastructure or or network equipment, rent those
(3) combination of both resources as a fully
outsourced service on-demand
model.

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Infrastructure as a Service - Definition

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Infrastructure as a Service -
Applicability

Test and development. Teams can quickly set up and

dismantle test and development environments, bringing new
applications to market faster.
Website hosting. Running websites using IaaS can be less
expensive than traditional web hosting.
Storage, backup and recovery. Organizations avoid the
capital outlay. IaaS is useful for handling unpredictable demand
and steadily growing storage needs. It can also simplify
planning and management of backup and recovery systems
Big data analysis. Mining data sets to locate or tease out these
hidden patterns requires a huge amount of processing power,
which IaaS economically provides.

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Platform as a Service - Overview

Why PaaS
Collaborative platform for application
Paas provides the following
development using workflows.
● Tools to build applications Platform which allows creation of
● Scripting Environment proprietary data or application
● Database Platform

Enabler : Runtime
Environment Design
Fault Tolerant Design
PaaS can be obtained as Containerization Development tools served up on a
Platter a-la carte
(1) Public or Avoiding DLL Hell
(2) Private infrastructure or
(3) combination of both Secure No need to worry about upgrading to
newer platforms or worry about license
costs

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Platform as a Service - Definition

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 Platform as a Service -
Applicability

Where PaaS helps What to Do with PaaS

• Application Services
PaaS
​ allows developers to frequently change or
•Services to develop, test, deploy, host and maintain
upgrade operating system features. ​
applications in the same integrated development
•It also helps development teams collaborate
environment. 
on projects.​
•Web based user interface creation tools help to
•Security is provided, including data security and
create, modify, test and deploy different UI
backup and recovery.​
scenarios ​
•Adaptability; Features can be changed if
• Multi Tenancy
circumstances dictate that they should.​
•Construct architecture where multiple
•Flexibility; customers can have control over the
concurrent users utilize the same development
tools that are installed within their platforms and can
application 
create a platform that suits their specific
• Collaboration 
requirements. ​
•Support for development team collaboration
•Tools to handle billing and subscription management​

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Software as a Service - Overview

Why SaaS
Not owned, but subscribed to from an
Saas provides the following
external service provider.
● Hosted , Finished Product Designed to be Multi Tenant
● Subscription to Services Customer Configuration instead of
Application configuration
Centralized management

Enabler : Web
Service
Accessibility &
SaaS can be obtained as Portability No need to purchase Software or
(1)Managed Service Licenses upfront
(2)Monthly Subscription Centralized management helps SaaS
Vendors
Lower TCO for users

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Software as a Service - Definition

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Which AAS ?

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Who Manages the AAS es?

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 BITS Pilani
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Cloud Deployment Models

Deployment Models in Cloud

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Pubic Cloud

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Pubic Cloud - Advantage

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Pubic Cloud - Disadvantage

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Private Cloud

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Private Cloud - Advantage

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Private Cloud - Disadvantage

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 Hybrid Cloud

•Hybrid clouds are mixtures of these different deployments. ​

•For example, an enterprise may rent storage in a public cloud for handling peak demand.​
• The combination of the enterprise’s private cloud and the rented storage then is a hybrid cloud. ​
•Clouds retain their unique identities, but are bound together as a unit. ​
•A hybrid cloud may offer standardized or proprietary access to data and applications, as well as
application portability.​

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Hybrid Cloud - Advantage

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Hybrid Cloud - Disadvantage

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 Community Cloud

•Community Cloud is a cloud infrastructure shared by a

community of multiple organizations that generally have a
common purpose. ​
•An example of a community cloud is OpenCirrus, which is a
cloud computing research testbed intended to be used
by universities and research institutions.  ​
•It may be for one organization or for several organizations, but
they share common concerns such as their mission, policies,
security, regulatory compliance needs, and so on. ​
•A community cloud may be managed by the constituent
organization(s) or by a third party.​

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Community Cloud - Advantage

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Community Cloud - Disadvantage

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Quick Comparison

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Cloud Essential Characteristics

Essential Characteristics

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 Resource pooling

• Cloud services can support millions of concurrent users; for

example, Skype supports 27 million concurrent users, while
Facebook supported 7 million simultaneous users in 2009.
• Clearly, it is impossible to support this number of users if each user
needs dedicated hardware. Therefore, cloud services need to share
resources between users and clients in order to reduce costs.
 Resources are drawn from a common pool.
 Common resources build economies of scale.
 Common infrastructure runs at high efficiency.
 Appropriate management of security & privacy.

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 Broad Network Access

• Ubiquitous access to cloud applications from desktops, laptops to

mobile devices is critical to the success of a Cloud platform.
• Thus, connectivity is a critical requirement for effective use of a
Cloud Application.
• For example, cloud services like Amazon, Google, and Yahoo! are
available world-wide via the Internet.
• They are also accessible by a wide variety of devices, such as mobile
phones, iPads, and PCs.
 Users abstracted from the implementation
 Near real-time delivery (seconds or minutes)
 Services accessed through a self-serve web interface.

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 On Demand Self Service

On demand self-service: The compute, storage or platform resources needed

by the user of a cloud platform are self-provisioned or auto-provisioned
with minimal configuration.
For example is possible to log on to Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (a popular
cloud platform) and obtain resources, such as virtual servers or virtual storage,
within minutes.
Open standards and APIs
Almost always IP, HTTP, and REST
Available from anywhere with an internet connection

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 Rapid Elasticity

A cloud platform should be able to rapidly increase or decrease

computing resources as needed.
Further, the time taken to provision a new server is very small, on the order
of minutes.
Resources dynamically-allocated between users.
Additional resources dynamically-released when needed.
Fully automated
This also increases the speed with which a new infrastructure can be
deployed.

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 Metered by Use

One of the compelling business use cases for cloud computing is

the ability to “pay as you go,” where the consumer pays only for
the resources that are actually used by his applications.
Commercial cloud services, like Salesforce.com, measure resource
usage by customers, and charge proportionally to the resource
usage.
Services can be cancelled at any time
Pay as you go approach

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 BITS Pilani
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Summary – Wrap Up
 Cloud Advantages

Reduced costs : Significant cost reductions are achieved due to higher efficiencies and greater
utilization of cloud networks
Ease of utilization: The upfront cost involved in the purchase of hardware and software licenses is
lowered a lot. Due to that one can easily make utilization of cloud services.
Quality of Service: Service level agreements with vendor assure the Quality of service  
Reliability: The resource scaling and load balancing with fault tolerance capabilities emphasize the
high availability of systems.
Outsourced IT management: It results into considerable reduction in IT management complexities
and the associated cost. 
Simplified maintenance and upgrade: Always latest features are provided to the users removing the
need of constant update and up gradations. 
Low Entry Barrier: Upfront infrastructure investments are not needed for moving to the cloud.

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Cloud vs Hosted

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Cloud Challenges

Security and Privacy of Cloud

The data store in the cloud must secure and provide full
confidentiality. The cloud provider should take necessary
security measures to secure the data of the customers.
Securities are also the responsibility of the customer as
they should provide a strong password, should not share the
password with anyone, and regularly change the password
when we did.
Hacking can lead to data loss; disrupt the encrypted file
system and many other problems.

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 Cloud Challenges

Interoperability and Portability

The customer must be provided with the services of migration in and
out of the cloud – no holds barred.

Reliable and Flexible

Reliability and flexibility means that the data provided to the cloud
should not leak and the host should provide trust to the customers.
To eliminate this challenge the services provided by the third party
should be monitored and supervision should be done on performance,
robustness and business dependency.

Cost
Cloud computing is affordable but tailor-made deployment
based on customer’s demand can be expensive. Use
Multitenancy to minimize costs

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 Cloud Challenges

Downtime
Downtime is the common challenges of cloud computing as no cloud
provider guarantees a platform that is free from downtime. Apply
redundancy and or DR to minimize.
Lack of resources
Lack of resources and expertise is also one of the major challenges faced
by the cloud industry and many companies are hoping to overcome this
challenge by hiring more workers which are more experienced. Use
Automation
Management of Multi-Cloud Environment
Companies nowadays do not use a single cloud instead they are using
multiple clouds. On an average company are using 4.8 different public and
private clouds due to which their management is hindered. Invest in a
good Cloud monitoring tool
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Cloud ecosystem

What is cloud computing in your mind

Clear or Cloudy?
Cloud computing is a new paradigm shift in the way we
make use of computing resources.
Cloud computing can provide high quality of service at
perceived cost benefits
We are moving to an era of computing where we can use
code to setup infrastructure on an ad-hoc basis.
Service models and deployment models provide services
that can be used to
Rent fundamental computing resources
Deploy and develop customer-created
applications on clouds
Access provider’s applications over network
(wired or wireless)

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Cloud Failures

Date Descritpion
12 Dec
One of the mission-critical AWS cloud units us-east-1 was hit with
th

an outage that took down services like Disney+, Netflix, Slack,

Ticketmaster, stock trading app Robinhood, and the crypto
exchange Coinbase. Key internal tools like Flex and AtoZ apps used
by Amazon warehouse and delivery workers were affected as well.
12th Nov
Google Cloud went down in mid-November and with it took
services like Home Depot, Snap, and Spotify. What caused the
outage? A glitch in a network configuration. Yet another scenario
showing that betting on a single provider to manage all your apps
is pretty risky
20th Oct
Facebook and its subsidiaries – Messenger, Instagram, WhatsApp,
Mapillary, and Oculus – became unavailable for 6 to 7 hours and
the world went crazy. Many desperate users flocked to Twitter,
Discord, Signal, and Telegram and this resulted in disruptions on
these apps’ servers.

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 BITS Pilani
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Points to Ponder
 Points to Ponder

1. Do you think Cloud is a boon or a bane

2. What is your trust level of any cloud you use
3. What do you Understand by
1. Hosted Application
2. Cloud enabled
3. Cloud native
4. Cloud Agnostic
4. What do you think will be your main considerations when choosing a cloud
provider?

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