DISTINGUISHING

TEXT TYPES
ACCORDING TO
PURPOSE AND
FEATURES
AT THE END OF THIS LESSON,
YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
➢ distinguish text types such as
classification, explanation, enumeration,
and recount;
➢ determine the purpose of the text types; and

➢ write a paragraph using a particular

text type
Text types are any pieces of
writing that you read or create.
These can be anything from
novels, newspaper reports, and
textbooks to recipes, movie
reviews, and game instructions.
When you read an advertisement, an
email from a friend, or a research
article, for example, the kinds of
words, phrases, grammatical patterns,
writing styles, and structures you
encounter differ.
In other words, text types differ in
features and purpose.
There are different text types
that you usually encounter or
use.
Each one has its own purpose
and specific language features.
In this lesson, we will discuss only
the four most-commonly used text
types:
Classification
Explanation
Enumeration
Time order or Recount
A. CLASSIFICATION TEXT
Classification text, also known
as text tagging or text
categorization, is the process of
categorizing text into organized
groups.
A. CLASSIFICATION TEXT

In this type of text,

items or ideas are sorted
according to
commonalities.
A. CLASSIFICATION TEXT

Also, in this type of text,

the writer presents the overall
idea then splits it into parts to
provide clarity and
description.
A. CLASSIFICATION TEXT
Readers can recognize
classification text through signal
words such as: first, finally, to
begin, next, in addition, on the
other hand, for example, or then.
Example
Dogs canof beClassification
categorized into many groups. Dogs
may
Text:be wild or domesticated. Wild dogs are those
which live independently in their natural habitat
like the forest. Domesticated dogs, on the other
hand, are those which have been living with
humans for generations. Dogs can also be
classified by breed like Poodles, Bulldogs,
Pomeranian, German Shepherd, Chihuahua, etc.
Likewise, dogs may also be considered as a pet, a
guard, or even a hunter depending on their breed.
 The text presented is a Dogs can be categorized into
classification text type. many groups. Dogs may be wild
or domesticated. Wild dogs are
 The details are classified into those which live independently
in their natural habitat like the
categories of dogs such as forest. Domesticated dogs, on
being wild or domesticated, the other hand, are those which
have been living with humans
having a particular breed, and for generations. Dogs can also
be classified by breed like
serving a specific purpose. Poodles, Bulldogs, Pomeranian,
 The signal words used are on German Shepherd, Chihuahua,
etc. Likewise, dogs may also be
the other hand, categorized, considered as a pet, a guard, or
even a hunter depending on
and classified. their breed.
B. EXPLANATION TEXT

Explanation text
provides descriptions to
looking at things like causes
and reasons.
B. EXPLANATION TEXT
They move beyond retelling
of what happened, such as in a
simple report, to address the
why and how of what
happened.
B. EXPLANATION TEXT
Explanatory texts usually tell how
or why things occur with a general
statement that introduces the topic
to be explored Time connectives
used such as first, after, then, next,
and finally.
Example of
HOWExplanation Text:
DOES THE RAIN FORM?
Have you ever asked yourself where rain comes from? Rain
is actually part of the water cycle. We see rain falling from
rainclouds. But rain doesn’t really come from them.
Let us see how rain forms. At first, we have a very huge
body of water from the oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes. Water
from these sources evaporate because of the sun’s heat. As it
reaches the sky, the water cools and condenses into rain or
snow. When all the water gets heavy enough, it starts falling
back into the earth in the form of rain. The rainwater is then
collected at the rivers and oceans, and the cycle starts again.
 HOW DOES THE RAIN FORM?

The details are

Have you ever asked yourself
where rain comes from? Rain is
actually part of the water cycle. We see
rain falling from rainclouds. But rain
presented in a doesn’t really come from them.
Let us see how rain forms. At first,

series of sentences we have a very huge body of water

from the oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes.
Water from these sources evaporate

that explains why because of the sun’s heat. As it reaches

the sky, the water cools and condenses
into rain or snow. When all the water

and how the rain gets heavy enough, it starts falling back
into the earth in the form of rain. The
rainwater is then collected at the rivers

forms. and oceans, and the cycle starts again.

C. ENUMERATION TEXT
Enumeration text is one which
presents ideas by listing the kinds,
characteristics, classes, types,
parts, ways, groups, and other
information of a certain thing.
C. ENUMERATION TEXT

It usually starts with the

statement of the general
subject that is broken down
into parts, classes, etc.
C. ENUMERATION TEXT
These parts are introduced by
signal words such as the following,
first, next, and so on; or they may be
listed using commas or enumerated
one by one like what is shown in the
example below.
 There are actually
Example of Enumeration many ways by which people can
avoid getting sick with COVID 19. All they need to do
Text:
is to get serious in following the health protocols or
practices that ensure the protection of the community
and prevention of the disease. These activities
include:
 Washing hands regularly
 Using sanitizer and alcohol often
 Wearing mask in places in the presence of other
people
 Avoiding crowded areas
 Observing social distancing
C. RECOUNT TEXT

When the text presents

events that are arranged in
their order of occurrence in
time, this text is called
recount.
C. RECOUNT TEXT
A recount retells an
experience or an event that
happened in the past. A
recount may inform, entertain,
reflect, or evaluate.
C. RECOUNT TEXT
A recount may focus on a
specific section of an event or
retell the entire story. A recount
should always be told in the
order that things happened.
 It is already
Example seven o’clock
of Recount in the evening. You
Text:
have been waiting for your father to arrive. You
are excited to tell your father about your baked
cookies—of course with the help of your mother.
Then, suddenly the doorknob creaks and you
hurriedly run to the door. After telling him how
you have made them, he then tastes them, and you
are happy just with his facial expression. “You are
very good at baking. Now, I am happy to see that
you’re learning new things.”
 It is already seven o’clock in
 The text type presented the evening. You have been
waiting for your father to
above is a recount text. arrive. You are excited to tell
your father about your baked
 The details are arranged cookies—of course with the
help of your mother. Then,
in chronological order. suddenly the doorknob creaks
 The transitional/signal and you hurriedly run to the
door. After telling him how you
have made them, he then tastes
words used are then and them, and you are happy just
with his facial expression. “You
after. are very good at baking. Now, I
am happy to see that you’re
learning new things.”
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