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Development 102 2023-2

This document provides an overview of human development for occupational therapy students. It defines human development as the changes in structure, thought, or behavior that occur due to biological and environmental influences. Development refers to sequential changes in individual function, while growth describes measurable physical changes. The document outlines various domains of development, including physical, motor, language, emotional, and cognitive. It also discusses principles of maturation like cephalocaudal and proximal-distal patterns that guide motor development. The goal is to prepare students to provide care for people across all ages by giving them vast information on human development.

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Nwa Nna
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29 views13 pages

Development 102 2023-2

This document provides an overview of human development for occupational therapy students. It defines human development as the changes in structure, thought, or behavior that occur due to biological and environmental influences. Development refers to sequential changes in individual function, while growth describes measurable physical changes. The document outlines various domains of development, including physical, motor, language, emotional, and cognitive. It also discusses principles of maturation like cephalocaudal and proximal-distal patterns that guide motor development. The goal is to prepare students to provide care for people across all ages by giving them vast information on human development.

Uploaded by

Nwa Nna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HUMAN

DEVELOPMENT
OBJECTIVE
To provide vast information on human development for occupational therapy
students in preparation to provide care for people across all ages.
DEFINITION
Craig (1976) describe human development as the changes in structure , thought or
behavior of a person that occur as a function of both biological and environmental
influences.
• Development can be defined as the sequential changes in the function of the
individuals
• Growth refers to those maturational changes that are physically measurable
QUANTITATIVE CHANGES QUALITATIVE CHANGES
Height is measured in meters Social interaction
and head and chest Significance of dream
circumferences
Level of child awareness
Physical skills( ROM,POWER),
Weight:
scale

Easily understood and Not Easily understood and


measurable measurable
Social Physical
and
Motor

Perceptual
Cultural Areas
Sensory

Emotional Cognitive
Physical development refers to physical changes in the body
Motor: gross motor or moving skills/fine motor of finger play skill
Language : receptive knowledge and listening

Emotional : how individual feels whether happy ,irritable or sad


Cognitive : refers to the way the child thimks and play which involves perception
the above are part of the developmental continuum, an orderly process that lasts
from conception to death.

As a child progress in the ladder of development specific task are expected to be


mastered.

Note: The mastery lay a solid foundation for more mature behaviors to unfold.
PARAMETERS OF
DEVELOPMENT
BIOLOGICAL: Is primarily related to enzyme systems that stimulate complex metabolic
changes.

PSYCHOLOGICAL: refer to those function we attribute to interactive brain processes( the


cognitive and interactive brain process).
 The cognitive activity is measured by communication skills and handling of abstract material
While
Affective development is characterized by the establishment of bonds of feeling and meaning with human and non
human objects in the child environment

SOCIAL: refers to skills that enable a child live in a community of others and it is a product
of both the child's biological capacity to learn and the direct influence of the societal
environment on the child's maturation.
UNDERSTANDING HUMAN
GROWTH/ DEVELOPMENT
Huma
n Learn
Being

world adapt

cope
CONTD..

Socio
Human
Emotion Well-
Motor
al being
Status
Status
PRINCIPLES OF MATURATION
These can be considered as anatomic directions of growth
Cephalocaudual pattern of development : this is the process of muscular development ,control and
coordination which progress from head to the feet . That is, head control precedes that of the trunk and
lower extremities .

Proximal –distal and medial-lateral patterns of development : parts of the body closest (proximal) to
the spine tend to be controlled in a coordinated manner before the parts farther away (distal) from it.
Thus , the shoulder and elbow again some control before the hand. Additionally, the hand held in
anatomic position develops from the the ulnar border(lateral).

Mass to specific pattern of development :


Initially , much of the motor activity of the infant consists of whole body movement . With maturity ,
these undifferentiated and generalized mass response become more specific .
Gross motor to fine motor pattern of development :
Since control of proximal musculature precedes that of distal musculature , it
follows that mastery of the larger muscles precedes mastery of the smaller muscles.
These four principles governing growth are not static but are continuously
influencing motor development .
All of the principles of growth and maturation can be applied to the habilitation and
rehabilitation .
Habilitation is the process of supplying a person with the means to develop
maximum independence in activities of daily living through training or treatment.

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