Learners With Language Disorders

Learners with Language and
Communication Disabilities
A communication disorder is an
impairment in the ability to receive, send,
process, and comprehend concepts or
verbal, nonverbal and graphic symbol
systems.
Communication disorders involve

persistent problems related to language
and speech.
A speech disorder is an impairment of the articulation of
speech sounds, fluency and/or voice.
Most Common Speech-Language

Disorders
Apraxia of Speech (AOS)
Apraxia of Speech (AOS) happens when the neural pathway

between the brain and a person’s speech function (speech
muscles) is lost or obscured. The person knows what they
want to say – they can even write what they want to say on
paper – however the brain is unable to send the correct
messages so that speech muscles can articulate what they
want to say, even though the speech muscles themselves
work just fine.
Stuttering – Stammering
Stuttering, also referred to as stammering, is so common that
everyone knows what it sounds like and can easily recognize it.
Dysarthria
Dysarthria is a symptom of nerve or muscle damage. It manifests
itself as slurred speech, slowed speech, limited tongue, jaw, or lip
movement, abnormal rhythm and pitch when speaking, changes in
voice quality, difficulty articulating, labored speech
Spasmodic Dysphonia
Spasmodic Dysphonia (SD) is a chronic long-term disorder that
affects the voice. It is characterized by a spasming of the vocal
chords when a person attempts to speak and results in a voice that
can be described as shaky, hoarse, groaning, tight, or jittery. It can
cause the emphasis of speech to vary considerably.
Cluttering
A fluency disorder, cluttering is characterized by a person’s speech being too
rapid, too jerky, or both. To qualify as cluttering, the person’s speech must also
have excessive amounts of “well,” “um,” “like,” “hmm,” or “so,” (speech
disfluencies), an excessive exclusion or collapsing of syllables, or abnormal
syllable stresses or rhythms.
Muteness – Selective Mutism

Selective mutism is when a person does not speak in some or most situations,
however that person is physically capable of speaking. It most often occurs in
children, and is commonly exemplified by a child speaking at home but not at
school.
Speech Delay – Alalia

A speech delay, known to professionals as alalia, refers to the phenomenon
when a child is not making normal attempts to verbally communicate. These
can range anywhere from the child being a “late bloomer” – the child just takes
a bit longer than average to speak – to the child having brain damage.
LANGUAGE
A language disorder is impaired comprehension and/or

use of spoken, written and/or other symbol systems.
Form of Language
Phonology is the sound system of a language and

the rules that govern the sound combinations.
Morphology is the system that governs the structure

of words and the construction of word forms.
Syntax is the system governing the order and

combination of words to form sentences, and the
relationships among the elements within a sentence.
Expressive language difficulties
Learners may have trouble producing certain sounds and simply

leave them out, or substitute one sound for another. This can
make them difficult to understand and result in delayed or
unclear speech.
Expressive language difficulties can also affect the ability to put

words in the right order in a sentence and tell stories with the
events in the right sequence.
Having trouble explaining and describing things makes it hard to

join in class discussions.
Receptive language difficulties
Some learners have problems with the way they hear and
process language. This can impact on the ability to understand
what others are saying and respond appropriately.
Learners with hearing impairment have a physical barrier to

understanding speech, but there are can also be ‘pragmatic
language’ difficulties where, although the learner can hear what
is being said, they do not understand the meaning.
They may not know how to use social language and lack an
intuitive understanding of social cues and conventions.
Hearing Disorder
is the result of impaired auditory sensitivity of the physiological
auditory system. A hearing disorder may limit the development,
comprehension, production, and/or maintenance of speech
and/or language. Individuals with hearing impairment may be
described as deaf or hard of hearing.
Deaf is defined as a hearing disorder that limits an

individual's aural/oral communication performance to the
extent that the primary sensory input for communication
may be other than the auditory channel.
Hard of hearing is defined as a hearing disorder,

whether fluctuating or permanent, which adversely affects
an individual's ability to communicate. The hard-of-hearing
individual relies on the auditory channel as the primary
sensory input for communication.
Causes
Some causes of communication problems include:
Hearing loss
Brain injury
Neurological
disorder
Vocal cord injury
Intellectual
disability
Autism
Drug abuse Cleft lip or Palate
Emotional Developmental
or Psychiatric disorder disorders
Teaching Strategies for Students with
Communication Disorders
Encourage and accept all forms of communication
Educators must be patient and encourage the student to

participate in classroom activities, giving her adequate
time to speak.
Teach active listening skills
Teachers should speak to the student as they would any

other student. Do not interrupt or try to complete her
thoughts.
Maintain eye contact with the student, then tell her to
watch the movements of your mouth when providing
direct instruction. Ask her to copy these movements
when she produces the sounds.
Use pictures, objects and photos to help understand and

remember new vocabulary
Educators should create an environment

of acceptance and understanding in the
classroom, and encourage peers to
accept the student with speech
impairment.
Famous Persons With Communication
Disorders
It is not impossible for our students with Communication
Disabilities to succeed in a verbal world. The following list was
derived from a site devoted to successful, famous persons who
have various disabilities. It is important for our students to know
that they can pursue their dreams and that there are others who
have come before them.
CAPOTE Truman, 1924-1984, (communication disorder),

Author of Breakfast at Tiffany's filmed 1961. American writer who
made an impressive literary debut at 24 with his novel Other
Voices Other Rooms
MONROE Marilyn [Norma Jean Mortenson], 1926-
1962, (speech impairment),
American actress. Ultimate pin-up girl and cult figure.
Starred in Some Like It Hot 1959, Bus Stop 1956.
She also stuttered.
REILLY Charles Nelson, 1931-present, (speech

impairment),
American comedian, won Tony for How to Succeed in
Business Without Really Trying 1961, television game
shows, situation comedies and varieties.
THANK YOU
FOR LISTENING
REFERENCES
https://www.asha.org/policy/RP1993-00208/?fbclid=IwAR1KCb0b
7TnBSiZfVTLol3Vmb9PCGL1Ztmilcf5DR47IRZpHIYdD80086A8
https://www.speechpathologygraduateprograms.org/2018/01/10-
most-common-speech-language-disorders/?fbclid=IwAR3inyu1o6
RPhdE0Md92cvtOfLbWMSrHB-CeOJhMK_YDmaWZZ1RBITZwt
g0
https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/conditions/communic
ation-disorders?fbclid=IwAR3O2L9mtIybE2nV7ooy5c8FIVd
qWms3ewz-9iSUtN3o5E7RZ4nuNTIDkJ8
https://www.kennedykrieger.org/patient-care/conditions/
communication-speech-language-disorders

Learners With Language Disorders

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Learners with Language and

Communication disorders involve

Most Common Speech-Language

Apraxia of Speech (AOS) happens when the neural pathway

Muteness – Selective Mutism

Speech Delay – Alalia

A language disorder is impaired comprehension and/or

Phonology is the sound system of a language and

Morphology is the system that governs the structure

Syntax is the system governing the order and

Learners may have trouble producing certain sounds and simply

Expressive language difficulties can also affect the ability to put

Having trouble explaining and describing things makes it hard to

Learners with hearing impairment have a physical barrier to

Deaf is defined as a hearing disorder that limits an

Hard of hearing is defined as a hearing disorder,

Some causes of communication problems include:

Encourage and accept all forms of communication

Educators must be patient and encourage the student to

Teach active listening skills

Teachers should speak to the student as they would any

Use pictures, objects and photos to help understand and

Educators should create an environment

CAPOTE Truman, 1924-1984, (communication disorder),

REILLY Charles Nelson, 1931-present, (speech

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