01 - Clase + Ejemplo Serie de Fourier - 00

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Serie de Fourier

Funciones pares e impares


Medio rango
Extensión del periodo
Ejemplos
[; ]

𝑎0 ∞
𝑓 (𝑡 )= + ∑ [𝑎 𝑛 ∗ cos ( 𝑛𝑡 )+𝑏 𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝑛𝑡 ) ]
2 𝑛 =1
𝜋
1
𝑎 0=
𝜋
∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
− 𝜋

𝜋
1
𝑎 𝑛=
𝜋
∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ cos ⁡
( 𝑛𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
− 𝜋

𝜋
1
𝑏𝑛 =
𝜋
∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ sen ⁡( 𝑛𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
− 𝜋
𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑃𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜
𝑓 𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝐴𝑅→ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) = 𝑓 (−𝑡) 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) =𝑡 2
𝑓 𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖 ó 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝐶 á 𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑎 𝑛

[∫ ]
𝜋 0 𝜋
1 1
𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡 +∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑎𝑛= ∫
𝜋 −𝜋
𝑓 ¿
( 𝑡 ) ∗ cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡 )𝑑𝑡 𝜋 −𝜋 0

𝐶 á 𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑢𝑥𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑟 𝜋
0 0 0

∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡 )𝑑𝑡 ¿∫ 𝑓 ( − 𝑡 ) ∗cos ⁡(𝑛 (−𝑡)) 𝑑(−𝑡 )¿ −∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡¿∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
−𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 0
¿ 𝑓 (𝑡 )¿ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑛𝑡 )

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜
[ ]
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
1 2
𝑎 𝑛=
𝜋
∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡 )𝑑𝑡+∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡 )𝑑𝑡
0 0
𝑎 𝑛= ∫
𝜋 0
𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝐶 á 𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒 𝑏𝑛

[∫ ]
𝜋 0 𝜋
1 1
𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ sen ⁡(𝑛𝑡)𝑑𝑡
¿ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ sen ⁡(𝑛𝑡)𝑑𝑡 +∫ 𝑓 (𝑡 ) ∗ sen ⁡(𝑛𝑡 )𝑑𝑡
𝜋 −𝜋 𝜋 −𝜋 0

𝐶 á 𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑎𝑢𝑥𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑟
0 0 0 𝜋
∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑡)𝑑𝑡¿∫ 𝑓 ( − 𝑡 ) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛(−𝑡))𝑑 (− 𝑡 )¿ −∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗[− sen ( 𝑛𝑡 ) ] 𝑑𝑡¿ −∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
−𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 0
¿ 𝑓 (𝑡 )¿ − 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑡)

𝑅𝑒𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜
[ ]
𝜋 𝜋
1
𝑏𝑛 = −∫ 𝑓 (𝑡 ) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑡 )𝑑𝑡+∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑛𝑡)𝑑𝑡 𝑏𝑛 =0
𝜋 0 0 𝜋
2
𝑎 0= ∫ 𝑓 (𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 − 𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠 𝜋 0
𝜋
2
𝑎0 ∞ 𝑎 𝑛= ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜
𝑓 (𝑡 ) = + ∑ [𝑎 𝑛 ∗ cos ( 𝑛𝑡 )] 𝜋 0
2 𝑛 =1 𝑏𝑛 =0
𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠
𝑓 𝑒𝑠 𝐼𝑀𝑃𝐴𝑅 → 𝑓 (𝑡 )=− 𝑃𝑜𝑟
𝑓 (−𝑒𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜
𝑡)
𝑓 𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖 ó 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎 𝑓 (𝑡 )=𝑡
𝐶𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠 (𝑠 í 𝑚𝑖𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑐𝑖 ó 𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑟 )
𝑎 0= 0
𝑎 𝑛= 0
𝜋
2
𝑏𝑛 = ∫
𝜋 0
𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ sen ⁡(𝑛𝑡) 𝑑𝑡

𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑒 𝑑𝑒 𝐹𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 − 𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑠



𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) = ∑ [𝑏𝑛 ∗ sen ( 𝑛𝑡 ) ]
𝑛 =1
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜 pr á ctico
𝑓 (𝑡 ) =𝑡 − 𝜋 < 𝑡 < 𝜋

𝑓 (𝑡 ) 𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó 𝑛 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟


𝑇 =2 𝜋

𝐶 á 𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝑎 0= 0
𝑎 𝑛= 0
2 2
¿
𝑏𝑛 = ¿ ¿
𝜋 𝜋
 )]

 )] 2 2
¿− ( − 1 )𝑛 𝑏𝑛 = ( − 1 )𝑛 +1
𝑛 𝑛
𝑎0 ∞
𝑓 (𝑡 )= + ∑ [𝑎 𝑛 ∗ cos ( 𝑛𝑡 )+𝑏 𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝑛𝑡 ) ]
2 𝑛 ∞
=1 2
𝑓 (𝑡 )= ∑ [
𝑛 +1
(−1) ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( 𝑛𝑡 ) ]
𝑛 =1 𝑛

𝑛= 2

𝑛= 5

𝑛= 20
𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛
𝑓 (𝑡 ) 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑎𝑟 , 𝑛𝑖 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟
𝑓 (𝑡 ) 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖 ó 𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑎
𝐿
𝑃𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟 𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑖ó𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠:
𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 2
𝑃𝑎𝑟 𝜋
𝑎 0=∫ 𝑓 (𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝜋 0
𝑎0 ∞ 𝜋

𝑓 (𝑡 )= + ∑
2
[𝑎 𝑛 ∗ 𝑎cos𝜋 0
∫ 𝑓 )(]𝑡 ) ∗cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑛= ( 𝑛𝑡
2 𝑛=1
𝑇 =2 𝐿 𝑏𝑛 =0

𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟
𝑎 0= 0

𝑎 𝑛= 0
𝑓 (𝑡 )= ∑ [𝑏𝑛 ∗ sen (𝑛𝑡 ) ] 𝜋
2
𝑛=1 𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ sen ⁡(
𝑇 =2 𝐿 𝜋 0
𝑂𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑜 :
𝑆𝑜𝑙𝑜 𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑜 𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜
1
𝜋
𝑎 0=
𝜋 / 2
∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑎0 ∞ 𝜋
0

𝑓
2 𝑛=1

(𝑡 )= + [𝑎𝑛 ∗ cos ( 𝑛𝑡 )+𝑏 𝑛 ∗ sen ( 𝑛𝑡 )𝑎] 𝑛= 1 ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝜋 /2 0
𝜋
1
𝑏𝑛 =
𝜋/ 2 0
∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ sen ⁡(𝑛𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝑇 =𝐿

𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑜
1
𝜋
𝑎 0=
𝜋
∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑎0 ∞ −𝜋𝜋
𝑓
2 𝑛=1

(𝑡 )= + [𝑎𝑛 ∗ cos ( 𝑛𝑡 )+𝑏 𝑛 ∗ sen ( 𝑛𝑡 )𝑎] 𝑛= 1 ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ cos ⁡(𝑛𝑡 )𝑑𝑡
𝜋 −𝜋
𝜋
1
𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ sen ⁡(𝑛𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝜋 −𝜋
𝑇 =2 𝐿
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖 ó 𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑜
𝑃 𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑜 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙[−𝜋 ; 𝜋 ] 𝜋 V 𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑢
−𝜋 0
𝑁𝑢𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑜[−𝐿 ; 𝐿] 𝐿 V 𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑡
−𝐿 0
𝐿 𝜋
𝑡= ∗𝑢 𝑢= ∗𝑡
𝜋 𝐿

𝜋 𝐿
1 1
𝑎 0=
𝜋
∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑢) 𝑑 𝑢 𝑎 0= ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝐿 −𝐿
−𝜋
𝜋 𝐿
1 1 𝜋
𝑎𝑛= ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑢 ) ∗cos ⁡(𝑛𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
𝜋 −𝜋
𝑎𝑛= ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ cos ⁡(𝑛 ∗𝑡  ) 𝑑𝑡
𝐿 −𝐿 𝐿
𝜋 𝐿
1 1 𝜋
𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑢 ) ∗ sen ⁡(𝑛𝑢) 𝑑𝑢 𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ sen ⁡(𝑛 ∗𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝜋 −𝜋 𝐿 −𝐿 𝐿
𝑎0 ∞
( ) ( )
𝑎0 ∞
𝑓 (𝑢 )= + ∑ [𝑎𝑛 ∗cos ( 𝑛𝑢 )+𝑏𝑛 ∗ sen ( 𝑛𝑢 ) ] 𝑓 (𝑡 )= + ∑ [𝑎𝑛 ∗ cos 𝑛 𝜋 ∗ 𝑡 +𝑏𝑛 ∗ sen 𝑛 𝜋 ∗𝑡 ]
2 𝑛=1 2 𝑛=1 𝐿 𝐿
𝐸𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖 ó 𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑜
𝐿
2
𝑎 0= ∫ 𝑓 (𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝐿 0
𝐿
2 𝜋
𝑎𝑛= ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗cos ⁡(𝑛 ∗ 𝑡  )𝑑𝑡
𝐿0 𝐿
𝑆 𝑖 𝑓 (𝑡 ) 𝑒𝑠 𝑃𝑎𝑟
𝑏𝑛 =0

( )
𝑎0 ∞ 𝜋
𝑓 (𝑡 )= + ∑ [𝑎𝑛 ∗ cos 𝑛 ∗ 𝑡 ]
2 𝑛=1 𝐿

𝑎 0= 0
𝑎 𝑛=0
𝐿
2 𝜋
𝑆 𝑖 𝑓 (𝑡 ) 𝑒𝑠 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟 𝑏𝑛 = ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) ∗ sen ⁡(𝑛 ∗ 𝑡  )𝑑𝑡
𝐿0 𝐿

( )

𝜋
𝑓 (𝑡 )= ∑ [𝑏𝑛 ∗ sen 𝑛 ∗𝑡 ]
𝑛 =1 𝐿
𝐸𝑗𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑜 pr á ctico
𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) =𝑡 0 <𝑡 <2 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑎 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑜

𝐿=2

𝑇 =4
𝐶 á 𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑠
𝐿
2
𝑎 0= ∫ 𝑓 ( 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝐿 0
2
2
𝑎 0= ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
2 0

𝑎 0=1 ∗ ¿ ¿¿ ¿[
22
2
−0 ] 𝑎 0= 2
𝐿
2 𝜋
𝑎 𝑛= ∫ 𝑓
𝐿 0
( 𝑡 ) ∗ cos ⁡( 𝑛
𝐿
𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡

2
𝑎 𝑛= ¿
2

¿¿
2
𝜋
𝑎 𝑛=∫ t ∗ cos ⁡(𝑛 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
0 2
 )]

 ) ¿
( − 1 )𝑛

1 4
𝜋
2
𝜋
2 𝑎 𝑛= 2 2
¿
(𝑛 )
2
(𝑛
2
) 𝜋 𝑛

𝑏𝑛 =0
( ) ( )
𝑎0 ∞
𝜋 𝜋
𝑓 (𝑡 )= + ∑ [𝑎 𝑛 ∗ cos 𝑛 𝑡 +𝑏 𝑛 ∗ 𝑠𝑒𝑛 𝑛 𝑡 ]
2 𝑛 =1 2 𝐿 ∞ 𝐿
𝑓 (𝑡 )= +∑ ¿ ¿
2 𝑛= 1

𝑛= 2

𝑛= 5

𝑛= 20

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