Computer Programming DAM 23603: Expressions and Operators

COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
DAM 23603
CHAPTER 4:
Expressions And Operators
INTRODUCTION
 Consider the following expression :
y = x + 3
a > b
 a, b, x, y and 3 are an operand (consists of
constants and variables)
 Symbol =, + and > are operators
OPERATORS
(Operators and Symbols)
• Symbols like +,-,*,/,<,> are known as operators.
• Data stored in memory can be modified using operators.

• The operators are divided into three (3) distinct types.
ARITHMETIC OPERATORS
Arithmetic operators in C are divided into two (2):

• Unary
• Binary
(Unary Operators Symbols)
• Unary operators are fixed to one (1) variable only.

(Unary Operators Symbols)
Symbol Example Note

+ +2 No. +ve; default
- -30 No. -ve
++ ++value Prefix: before execution
value++ Postfix: after execution
-- --no Prefix:before execution

no-- Postfix: after execution
(Unary Operators Symbols: Expressions)
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
int a= 1, b=1, c=3, d=1;
c--;
printf(“%d %d”, 4-d++, c);
printf(“%d %d %d %d \n”, --a, b++, c--, d);
return 0;
}
Example of using sum
POSTINCREMENT PREINCREMENT
int count = 5; int count = 5;

: :
printf(“%d”, count++ ); printf(“%d”, ++count );
printf(“%d”, count ); printf(“%d”, count );

Value are 5 6 Value are 6 6

Example by using subsract
POSTDECREMENT PREDECREMENT
value = 5; a = 10; value = 5; a = 10;
: :
b = 5 * --value + a; b = 5 * value-- + a;
printf(“%d %d”, value, b); printf(“%d %d”, value, b);

Value are 4 30 Value are 5 35

b= 5 * --value + a; b= 5 * value-- + a;
└─┬─┘ └─┬─┘
(a) 4 (a) 5
└──┬──┘ └──┬──┘
(b) 20 (b) 25
└───┬──┘ └───┬──┘
(c) 30 (c) 35

• Assume that
int x = 5;
int y = 7;
• Assume that
int x = 5;
int y = 7;
• Assume that
int x = 5;
int y = 7;
• Assume that
int x = 5;
int y = 7;
(Binary Operators Symbols)
• Operands that are fixed with arithmetic operators must

be of numeric types.
• Operators is put in between two (2) operands.
Operator Symbol Action Example
Addition + Adds two operands x+y
Subtraction - Subtracts the second operand from the first x-y

operand
Multiplication * Multiplies two operands x*y
Division / Divides the first operand by the second x/y

operand
Modulus % Gives the remainder when the first operand is x%y
divided by the second operand (integers only)
 Issue:
 Complex Expression
 Example:
a * b + c
a * ( b + c)
 Different data types
 Example:
int a, b, c; float d;
c = a/b;  what are the value?
d = a/b;  what are the value?
(Binary Arithmetic Operators)
• Division calculations
(Binary Arithmetic Operators)
• Modulos calculations
ARITHMETIC EXPRESSIONS
(Precedence levels)
• Combining one or more arithmetic operations.

•Precedence level will determine the arithmetic operation
sequence in solving the expression.
(Precedence levels)
 Precedence
Precedence Operation
1 ()
2 *,/,%
3 +,-
 Example:
Value1 = i + j * l / k;
EXAMPLE:
5+ 2*6 – 4 / 2
└─┬─┘
5 + 12 – 4 / 2
└─┬┘
5 + 12 – 2
└─┬─┘
17 – 2
└─┬┘
15
ASSIGNMENT STATEMENT
(Precedence levels)
• Assignment of data to the variable can be written as:

Variable = expression;
e.g:-
Berat_Kereta = 85;
Diameter_Tayar = 18;
Horse_Power = Diameter_Tayar * ( 12 +
Berat_Kereta);
• For the above statement, the left part can only be a variable.
On the right, it can be made up of a combination of variables
and constants.
CAST OPERATOR
 Cast
 Required to convert the data type in a
temporary storage
 Using a cast operator
 Example: double a,b,c;
c = a % b; //ralat!
c = (int) a % (int) b;
Cast Operator
Example of casting:
double value1 = 9.5, value3;
int value2;
:
value2 = value1 % 3;
value3 = (value1 * 10 % 20 ) / 2.0
value2 = ( int ) value1 % 3;

value3 = (( int ) (value1 * 10 ) % 20 ) / 2.0;
Math Library Function
 Use for the difficult mathematical formula,
 Example:
luas
jejari 

 Header file is: math.h
ceil(x), floor(x), abs(x), fabs(x),
sqrt(x), pow(x,y), cos(x), sin(x),
tan(x), exp(x), log(x), log10(x)
Math Library Function
 Example:
Instruction Maths formula
A = pow(6,100); A = 6100
B = pow(x,3); B = x3
(
or instruction C:
B = x * x * x; )
C = sqrt(144); C  144
Relational Operator
 Use to compare
 Example:
 ‘Does A larger than B?’
 ‘Does Y is 0 value ?’
 Value that will return back will be 1 (TRUE) or 0
(FALSE)
RELATIONAL OPERATORS
• Used to do comparisons.
Relational Operator
Operator Symbol Question Asked Eg
Equal == Is operand1 equal to operand2? x == y
Greater than > Is operand1 greater than operand2? x>y
Less than < Is operand1 less than operand2? x<y
Greater than or >= Is operand1 greater than or equal to x >= y

equal to operand2?
Less than or equal <= Is operand1 less than or equal to x <= y
to operand2?
Not equal != Is operand1 not equal to operand2? x != y
Relational Operator
 Example:
Expression How It Reads What It Evaluates
To
5 == 1 Is 5 equal to 1? 0 (false)
5>1 Is 5 greater than 1? 1 (true)
5 != 1 Is 5 not equal to 1? 1 (true)
(5+10) == (3*5) Is (5+10) equal to 1 (true)

(3*5)?
Logic Operator
 Used to combine several well-expression
contains relational operators
 Useful for making comparisons for
complex decision making
 Example:
 ‘Does Y is greater than 0 and Y is smaller than
10?’
 0 < Y < 10
LOGIC OPERATOR
• Useful to do complex comparisons to make decisions.

Logic Operator
 Value to return: 1 (true), 0 (false)
 Example:
Operator Symbol Example
AND && exp1 && exp2
OR || exp1 || exp2
NOT ! !exp1
Logic Operator
 Assessing the expression for the operator &&:
Expression1 Expression2 Result

1 1 1
1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 0
Logic Operator
 Assessing the expression for the operator or
||:
Expression1 Expression2 Result
1 1 1
1 0 1
0 1 1
0 0 0
Logic Operator
 Assessing the expression for the
operator !:
Real Combination
Expression Operator! Result
1 !(1) 0
0 !(0) 1
Logic Operator
 Example:
Expression What It Evaluates To
(5 == 5) && (6 != 2) True (1), because both operands are

true
(5 > 1) || (6 < 1) True (1), because one operand is true
(2 == 1) && (5 == 5) False (0), because one operand is false
!(5 == 4) True (1), because the operand is false

ASSIGNMENT STATEMENT
(Compound Assignment Statement)
• Modify a variable value where the variable original value is

added/minus/multiply by another value and is assigned
back to the original variable.
• e.g:
price = price – discount;
Compound expression vs simple
expression
Compound expression Simple expression
x *= y x=x*y
x /= y x=x/y
x %= y x=x%y
x+=y ?
? x = x * (y+3)
x /= y-1 ?
-END-
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COMPUTER PROGRAMMING

• Symbols like +,-,*,/,<,> are known as operators.

• Data stored in memory can be modified using operators.

Arithmetic operators in C are divided into two (2):

• Unary operators are fixed to one (1) variable only.

Symbol Example Note

-- --no Prefix:before execution

int count = 5; int count = 5;

Value are 5 6 Value are 6 6

• Operands that are fixed with arithmetic operators must

Operator Symbol Action Example

Addition + Adds two operands x+y

Subtraction - Subtracts the second operand from the first x-y

Division / Divides the first operand by the second x/y

• Combining one or more arithmetic operations.

• Assignment of data to the variable can be written as:

value2 = ( int ) value1 % 3;

Equal == Is operand1 equal to operand2? x == y

Greater than > Is operand1 greater than operand2? x>y

Less than < Is operand1 less than operand2? x<y

Greater than or >= Is operand1 greater than or equal to x >= y

5>1 Is 5 greater than 1? 1 (true)

5 != 1 Is 5 not equal to 1? 1 (true)

(5+10) == (3*5) Is (5+10) equal to 1 (true)

• Useful to do complex comparisons to make decisions.

Operator Symbol Example

AND && exp1 && exp2

Expression1 Expression2 Result

(5 == 5) && (6 != 2) True (1), because both operands are

(2 == 1) && (5 == 5) False (0), because one operand is false

!(5 == 4) True (1), because the operand is false

• Modify a variable value where the variable original value is

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