This document discusses paints and varnishes, including their definitions, functions, compositions, types, and defects in painting. It defines various types of paints like oil paints, water paints, distemper, and varnishes. It describes the key constituents of oil paints such as the base, vehicle, pigments, solvents, and driers. Finally, it outlines common defects in painting like cracking, peeling, runs, and chalking that can occur due to improper application techniques or materials.
This document discusses paints and varnishes, including their definitions, functions, compositions, types, and defects in painting. It defines various types of paints like oil paints, water paints, distemper, and varnishes. It describes the key constituents of oil paints such as the base, vehicle, pigments, solvents, and driers. Finally, it outlines common defects in painting like cracking, peeling, runs, and chalking that can occur due to improper application techniques or materials.
This document discusses paints and varnishes, including their definitions, functions, compositions, types, and defects in painting. It defines various types of paints like oil paints, water paints, distemper, and varnishes. It describes the key constituents of oil paints such as the base, vehicle, pigments, solvents, and driers. Finally, it outlines common defects in painting like cracking, peeling, runs, and chalking that can occur due to improper application techniques or materials.
This document discusses paints and varnishes, including their definitions, functions, compositions, types, and defects in painting. It defines various types of paints like oil paints, water paints, distemper, and varnishes. It describes the key constituents of oil paints such as the base, vehicle, pigments, solvents, and driers. Finally, it outlines common defects in painting like cracking, peeling, runs, and chalking that can occur due to improper application techniques or materials.
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Paints and Varnishes
2 Paints and Varnishes • Definition • Functions of paints. • Composition of oil paints. • Preparation of oil paints. • Characteristics of good paints. • Types of paints, and properties of paints • Defects in painting.
3 Definitions • Paint is a coating of fluid material applied over timber and metal surface as protective coating which on drying forms a thin film on surface • Varnish is a transparent or nearly transparent solution of resinous material and oil, alcohol or turpentine to form a clear, tough, glossy film on woodwork • Enamel: Bases like zinc oxide ground in varnish. Dry quickly to furnish hard glossy finish.
4 5 Definitions • Distemper is a comparatively cheap decorative paint for walls and ceilings applied on brickwork, or plastered surfaces • Water Wash and Color Wash: Fresh lime slacked with water, mixed thoroughly, screened and added with glue and may be a pigment • French Polish: Type of spirit varnish prepared by dissolving resin in methylated spirit at room temperature for use on hardwood substances to hide grain defects. 6 Definitions • Wax Polish: Bees wax dissolved in turpentine used for highlighting the grain over wooden surfaces.
7 Function of paints • To protect the surface from weathering effects of the atmosphere and actions by other liquids, fumes and gases • To provide pleasing, colorful and decorative appearance to the surfaces • To prevent decay of wooden members • To prevent corrosion of metallic surfaces • To provide a smooth surface for easy cleaning
10 Types of paints • Oil Paint: ordinary paint • Bituminous paint: prepared by dissolving asphalt or bitumen in oil or petroleum • Cement paint: It consists of cement and hydrated lime mixed along with a coloring pigment • Colloidal paint: a paint with no inert material • Aluminum paint: aluminum powder suspended in spirit varnish or oil varnish • Asbestos paint: peculiar type, applied to places exposed acidic gases and steam. • Cellulose paint: prepared from nitro cotton celluloid sheets 11 Types of paints • Emulsion paint: It consists of polyvinyl acetate and synthetic resin as binding material • Enamel paint: It consists of white lead ground in small quantity of oil and mixed with petroleum spirit and resinous matter • Graphite paint: black in color, applied on iron surfaces • Luminous paint: contains calcium sulphide with varnish • Silicate paint: prepared by mixing calcined ground silica with resinous substances • Anti-corrosive paint: consists of oil and strong drier • Plastic paint: variety of plastic present, applied using brush or spray painting. • Synthetic rubber paint: prepared from resin 12 Composition of oil paints • Constituents of oil paints – Base – Vehicle (binder) – Coloring pigment – Solvent or thinner – Drier – Inert filler
13 Composition of oil paint • Base – It is the principal constituent of paint. – It is a solid matter forming the main body of paint and possessing binding properties. It is usually a metallic oxide. – It makes the paint film opaque and posses binding properties which reduces the shrinkage cracks in the film on drying. – Examples: whitle lead, red lead, zinc oxide, iron oxide, etc. • Vehicle (binder) – It is an oil to which the base is mixed. – It holds the constituents of paint in suspension and helps spread it over the surface to be painted, imparts durability, toughness and water proofness to paint film. – Examples: linseed oil, nut oil, poppy oil, tung oil, 14 Composition of oil paint • Pigment – They are finely ground mineral, organic substance, or metal powders (0.1 to 5.0 micron in dia) – Pigments are used to hide the surface imperfections and to impart the desired color. – They protect the paint film by reflecting the destructive ultra voilet light. – Improve impermeability of paint film and enhance weather resistance. • Solvents (thinners) – These are oils used to thin the paints, increase the spread. – They make the paint of workable consistency and evaporate during drying of the film. 15 Composition of oil paint • Driers (plasticizers) – added to paint to quicken the drying of vehicle • Adulterants – An adulterant mixed to replace the base in part thus reducing the cost of paint. – Also help to reduce cracking of dry paint and sometimes help to keep the pigments in suspension. – Commonly used fillers are silica, charcoal, powdered chalk, aluminum silicate, barium sulphate, etc
16 Characteristics of good paints • Should have a good body or spreading power • Should work smoothly and freely to be laid in thin coat • Should form durable, tough and wear resistant film upon drying • Color should not fade or change • Painted surface should dry in about 9 hours • Should become hard enough in 24 hours to take up another coat • Should not crack upon drying • Should give a smooth and pleasing finish • Should dry quickly • Should not damage the painted surface 17 Manufacture of oil paints • The base (white lead) is thoroughly ground in oil • Thinner (turpentine oil) is mixed to give it necessary workability • Pigment and drier are separately ground in linseed oil and mixed with turpentine oil to make it thin • Pigment mixture intimately mixed with already prepared base • Prepared paint is strained through fine cloth or seive
18 Defects in painting • Cracking: cracks extending throughout the entire thickness of paint, due to – Improper seasoning of wood – Excessive use of drier – Application of too many coats • Crazing and crocodiling: Hairline cracks in top coat, due to – Use of excessive oil – Use of impure oil – Insufficient drying of under coat
19 • Blistering and peeling: – Exposure of paint to strong sunshine – Leaving oil or grease on the surface to be painted – Painting a surface with moisture on surface or in pores of wood • Runs and sage: – Application of too thick or slow drying paint – Painting over a glossy surface – Use of excessive drier – Excessive humidity or rapid thermal changes during drying period
20 • Chalking: rub off with hands or clothes – Use of insufficient oil in priming coat • Washing off: deposition of water soluble dissolved matter at lower edges forming streaks • Dull appearance: caused by use of excessive drier or on aging
21 • Slow drying: – use of inferior or old oils – Painting over damp surfaces – Painting during unfavorable weather • Yellowing of white paint: – Use white enamel where gloss is desired – For indoors use linseed oil with yellow tint that does not bleach unless exposed to sunshine
Acrylic Painting Guide for Beginners: An In-depth Manual to Mastering Painting with Acrylics, Tools and Materials with easy to understand Techniques and Starter Projects
Acrylic Painting Guide for Beginners: An In-depth Manual to Mastering Painting with Acrylics, Tools and Materials with easy to understand Techniques and Starter Projects
