MOBILE COMPUTING

By:-Narender Singh
2011237
Learning Objectives
1. Discuss the value-added attributes, benefits, and
fundamental drivers of m-commerce.
2. Describe the mobile computing environment that supports
m-commerce (i.e., devices, software, services).
3. Describe the four major types of wireless
telecommunications networks.
Learning Objectives

6. Discuss the application of m-commerce within

organizations and across the supply chain.
7. Describe consumer and personal applications of
m-commerce.
8. Understand the technologies and potential
application of location-based m-commerce.
9. Describe the major inhibitors and barriers of m-
commerce.
Definition of Mobile
Computing
 DEFINITION : The ability to use technology in remote
or mobile (non static) environments. This technology is
based on the use of battery powered, portable, and
wireless computing and communication devices, like
smartmobile phones, wearable computers and personal
digital assistants (PDAs).
 Mobile computing a generic term describing one’s ability
to use technology untethered, but often used to refer to
access to information or applications from occasionally-
connected, portable, networked computing devices.
Mobile Computing
Components and Infrastructure

 Wireless mobile computing (mobile computing)

Computing that connects a mobile device to a network or
another computing device, anytime, anywhere.
Mobile Computing
Components and Infrastructure

 MOBILE DEVICES
 personal digital assistant (PDA)
A stand-alone handheld computer principally used for
personal information management.
 smartphone
A mobile phone with PC-like capabilities.
Mobile Computing
Components and Infrastructure

 MOBILE COMPUTING SOFTWARE

 Mobile Operating System
 Mobile Application User Interface
 microbrowser
Wireless Web browser designed to operate with small screens
and limited bandwidth and memory requirements.
Mobile Computing
Components and Infrastructure

 Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)

A scripting language used to create content in the WAP
environment; based on SML, minus unnecessary content to
increase speed.
Mobile Computing
Components and Infrastructure

 Markup Languages
 Wireless Markup Language (WML)
A scripting language used to create content in the WAP
environment; based on XML, minus unnecessary content to
increase speed.
 Extensible Hypertext Markup Language (xHTML)
A general scripting language; compatible with HTML; a standard
set by W3Consortium.
Mobile Computing
Components and Infrastructure
Mobile Computing
Components and Infrastructure

 MOBILE COMPUTING SERVICES

 Short Message Service (SMS)
A service that supports the sending and receiving of short text
messages on mobile phones.
 Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS)
An extension of SMS that can send simple animation, tiny
pictures, sounds, and formatted text.
Mobile Computing
Components and Infrastructure

 Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS)

The emerging generation of wireless messaging; MMS is able
to deliver rich media.
 Location-Based Services
 global positioning system (GPS)
A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables users to
determine their position anywhere on the earth.
Mobile Computing
Components and Infrastructure

 Voice-Support Services
 interactive voice response (IVR)
A voice system that enables users to request and receive
information and to enter and change data through a telephone to a
computerized system.
 voice portal
A Web site with an audio interface that can be accessed through a
telephone call.
How Mobile Computing
works?
 Mobile computing is the idea that users can process data or
perform digital tasks on mobile devices.
 A microprocessor powers mobile computing, and memory
chips provide for data storage.
 A radio frequency element handles power sourcing and
other proprietary telecom technology sends outgoing signals
and receives incoming signals from a 3G or 4Gwireless
network.
Mobile Computing Functions

A computing environment is defined as

mobile if it supports one or more of
these characteristics:
 User mobility: User should be able to move from
one physical location to another location and use same
service
 Network mobility: User should be able to move from one
network to another network and use same service
Mobile Computing Functions
(Cont.)
 Device mobility: User should be able to move from one
device to another and use same service
 Session mobility: A user session should be able to move
from one user-agent environment to another.
 Service mobility: User should be able to move from one
service to another
 Host mobility: The user should can be either a client or
server.
Advantages of Mobile
Computing
1 - Increase in Productivity - Mobile devices can be used out
in the field of various companies, therefore reducing the time
and cost for clients and themselves.

2 - Entertainment - Mobile devices can be used

for entertainment purposes, for personal and even
for presentations to people and clients.
Advantages of Mobile
Computing
3 - Portability - This would be one of the main advantages of
mobile computing, you are not restricted to one location in
order for you to get jobs done or even access email on the go.

4 - Cloud Computing - This service is available for saving

documents on a online server and being able to access them
anytime and anywhere when you have a connection to the
internet and can access these files on several mobile devices or
even PCs at home. 
Disadvantages of Mobile
Computing
 1- Quality of connectivity - mobile devices will need
either WiFi connectivity or mobile network connectivity such
as GPRS, 3G and in some countries even 4G connectivity
because if you are not near any of these connections your
access to the internet is very limited.

 2- Security concerns - Mobile VPNs are unsafe to connect to,

and also syncing devices might also lead to security concerns.
accessing a WiFi network can also be risky because WPA and
WEP security can be by passed easily.
 3- Power Consumption - due to the use of batteries in these
devices, these do not tend to last long, if in a situation where
there is  no source of power for charging then that will
certainly be a let down.
Issue Surrounding the mobile computing
technology
1 - Disconnections
Resources can be allocated to handle disconnections more elegantly, or to try and
prevent those disconnections from happening. 

2 - Low Bandwidth and Bandwidth Variability

Wireless networks deliver lower bandwidth than wired networks, hence mobile
computing designs need to be very concerned about bandwidth consumption.
3- Security Concerns
This is further complicated if users are allowed to cross
security domains, for example in a large firm where sensitive
data accessible to only authorised personnel and other data that
is freely accessible to anybody with a mobile computer. 
Mobile Financial
Applications
 MOBILE BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICES
 WIRELESS ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS
 Wireless Bill Payments
 Closing the Digital Divide
Mobile Shopping, Advertising, and Content
Provision

 WIRELESS SHOPPING
 MOBILE AND TARGETED ADVERTISING
 mobile portal
A customer interaction channel that aggregates content and
services for mobile users.
Mobile Enterprise
and Supply Chain

 SUPPORT OF MOBILE EMPLOYEES

 Mobile Office
 Sales Force Mobilization and Automation
 Worker Support in Retailing
 Support in Operations
 Job Dispatch
 Maintenance and Repair at Remote Sites
Mobile Consumer Services

 MOBILE ENTERTAINMENT
 Music and Video
 Mobile Games
 Mobile Gambling
Location-Based
Mobile Commerce

 location-based m-commerce
Delivery of m-commerce transactions to individuals in a
specific location, at a specific time.
 Five key factors for services provided :
1. Location
2. Navigation
3. Tracking
4. Mapping
5. Timing
Location-Based
Mobile Commerce

 THE TECHNOLOGY FOR

L-COMMERCE
 Global Positioning System
 GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION
SYSTEM AND GPS
 Geographical information system (GIS)
A computer system capable of integrating, storing,
editing, analyzing, sharing, and displaying
geographically referenced (spatial) information.
 GPS/GIS Applications
Summary

Wireless communication brings challenging new problems.

Mobility makes  information dynamic. Portability entails
limited resources available on board to handle the variable
mobile computing environment. The challenge for mobile
computer designers is to incorporate wireless communication,
mobility, and portability to adapt the system designs that have
worked well for traditional computing.
THE
END