Scribd
Upload
66 views8 pages

Lecture FCS

1) The document discusses applying transfer functions to model electric circuits containing resistors, capacitors, and inductors. 2) It introduces the concept of impedance as the transfer function representing the dynamic behavior of these components. 3) Methods for finding the transfer function of complex circuits using either mesh analysis or nodal analysis are presented. Kirchhoff's laws are used to write equations and solve for the output transfer function.

Uploaded by

April Balce
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
66 views8 pages

Lecture FCS

1) The document discusses applying transfer functions to model electric circuits containing resistors, capacitors, and inductors. 2) It introduces the concept of impedance as the transfer function representing the dynamic behavior of these components. 3) Methods for finding the transfer function of complex circuits using either mesh analysis or nodal analysis are presented. Kirchhoff's laws are used to write equations and solve for the output transfer function.

Uploaded by

April Balce
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

Electrical Network

Transfer Functions
In this section, we formally apply the transfer function to the mathematical modeling of
electric circuits including passive networks and operational amplifier circuits.
Equivalent circuits for the electric networks that we work with first consist of three
passive linear components: resistors, capacitors, and inductors. Table 1.0 summarizes the
components and the relationships between voltage and current and between voltage and
charge under zero initial conditions.

Table 1.0 Voltage-current, voltage-charge, and impedance relationships for capacitors, resistors, and inductors
Electrical Network
Transfer Functions
We now combine electrical components into circuits, decide
on the input and output, and find the transfer function. Our guiding
principles are Kirchhoff’s laws. We sum voltages around loops or
sum currents at nodes, depending on which technique involves the
least effort in algebraic manipulation, and then equate the result to
zero. From these relationships we can write the differential
equations for the circuit. Then we can take the Laplace transforms
of the differential equations and finally solve for the transfer
function.
Electrical Network
Transfer Functions
Problem No. 1
Find the transfer function relating the capacitor voltage, Vc(s),
to the input voltage, V(s)
Electrical Network
Transfer Functions
Let us now develop a technique for simplifying the solution for
future problems. First, take the Laplace transform of the equations
in the voltage-current column of Table 1.0 assuming zero initial
conditions.
For the capacitor,

For the resistor,

For the inductor,

Now define the following transfer function:


Electrical Network
Transfer Functions
Notice that this function is similar to the definition of resistance,
that is, the ratio of voltage to current. But, unlike resistance, this
function is applicable to capacitors and inductors and carries
information on the dynamic behavior of the component, since it
represents an equivalent differential equation. We call this particular
transfer function impedance. The impedance for each of the
electrical elements is shown in Table 1.0.

Complex Circuits via Mesh Analysis


To solve complex electrical networks—those with multiple loops
and nodes—using mesh analysis, we can perform the following
steps:
1. Replace passive element values with their impedances.
2. Replace all sources and time variables with their Laplace
transform.
3. Assume a transform current and a current direction in each mesh
Electrical Network
Transfer Functions
Complex Circuits via Mesh Analysis
4. Write Kirchhoff’s voltage law around each mesh.
5. Solve the simultaneous equations for the output.
6. Form the transfer function.

Problem 2.0
Given the network of Figure below, find the transfer function,
I2(s)=V(s).
Electrical Network
Transfer Functions
Complex Circuits via Nodal Analysis
Often, the easiest way to find the transfer function is to use
nodal analysis rather than mesh analysis. The number of
simultaneous differential equations that must be written is equal to
the number of nodes whose voltage is unknown. In the previous
example we wrote simultaneous mesh equations using Kirchhoff’s
voltage law. For multiple nodes we use Kirchhoff’s current law and
sum currents flowing from each node. Again, as a convention,
currents flowing from the node are assumed to be positive, and
currents flowing into the node are assumed to be negative.
Before progressing to an example, let us first define
admittance, Y(s), as the reciprocal of impedance, or

When writing nodal equations, it can be more convenient to


represent circuit elements by their admittance.
Electrical Network
Transfer Functions
Problem 3.0
Find the transfer function, Vc(s)=V(s), for the circuit in Figure
below. Use nodal analysis.

You might also like