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Structure of C++ Program

The document discusses writing and compiling C++ programs. It explains that C++ source code is written in a text editor and saved with a .cpp extension. The source code is then compiled, which translates it into machine-readable object code saved as .obj. This object code is then linked with libraries to create an executable .exe file that can be run on a computer. It provides examples of code structure, using preprocessor directives like #include to add header files, and defines the main function where program statements are written.

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29 views

Structure of C++ Program

The document discusses writing and compiling C++ programs. It explains that C++ source code is written in a text editor and saved with a .cpp extension. The source code is then compiled, which translates it into machine-readable object code saved as .obj. This object code is then linked with libraries to create an executable .exe file that can be run on a computer. It provides examples of code structure, using preprocessor directives like #include to add header files, and defines the main function where program statements are written.

Uploaded by

cricket small fun
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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c/c/++ parogram

BY. Haris malik


Writing C++ Programs
 The source code of a c++ program is stored on the
disk with file extension cpp (c plus plus).
 Any text editor can be used to write and edit C++
source code.
 the Borland C++ and Turbo C++ have their own
editors for writing the source code.
 The source code is written in the editor and then it is
compiled.
Contd…
 The C++ compiler translates a C++ source program
into the machine code.
 The machine code is called object code.
 It is stored in a new file with extension obj.
 The object code is then linked to the libraries.
 After linking the object code to the libraries, an
executable file with extension exe is created.
Contd…
 For example, a source code of program in C++ is
written and stored in file first.cpp.
 After compilation, the object code is saved in the file
first.obj and the executable code is stored in file
first.exe.
Structure of a C++ program
 A C++ program consists of three main parts.
 Preprocessor Directives
 The main() Function
 C++ Statements
Preprocessor Directives
 The instruction that are given to the compiler before
the beginning of the actual program are called
preprocessor directives.
 Also known as compiler directives.
 The compiler adds special code from these directives
into the program, at the time of compilation.
Contd…
 These preprocessor directives normally starts with a
number sign (#) and the keyword include.
 For example, preprocessor directives are used to
include header files in the program.
 Let us consider a simple program example.
Example
 # include <iostream.h>
 # include <conio.h>
 void main ()
 {
 cout<<“hello world”;
 getch();
 }
What are Header Files?
 Header file is a C++ source file that contains
definitions of library functions/objects.
 Header files are added into the main program at the
compilation of the program.
 A header file is added if the function/object defined
in it is to be used in the program.
Contd…
 The preprocessor directives include is used to add a
header file into the program.
 The name of the file is written in angle brackets (< >)
after #include directive.
 C++ has a large number of header files in which
library functions are defined.
 The header file must be included in the program
before calling its function in the program.
Contd…
 A single header file may contain a large number of
built-in functions.
 For example, the header file iostream.h has
definitions of different input and output objects and
functions.
 It is included in the example program because its
object cout is used in the program.
Contd…
 The syntax to include a header file is:
 # include <name of the header file>
The main() Function
 The main() function indicates the beginning of a C++
program.
 The main() must be included in every C++ program.
 When a C++ program is executed, it is the first
function that is executed.
 If main() function is not included, the program is not
compiled and an error message is generated.
C++ Statements
 The statements of the program are written inside the
main() function between the curly braces ({}).
 Each statement in a C++ program must end with a
semi colon (;)
Program Examples on Data Types
 Program No. 1: Write a program which will ask
to enter the distance in miles.
 The program should convert the distance entered in
mile to kilometers.
 One mile is equal to 1.607 kilometers.
 Program No. 2: Write a program which will
calculate the sum and average marks of all students of
BCS-1st in the subject of programming.
Contd…
 Program No 2: Write a program which will calculate
the area of a circle.
 The formulae for the calculation of circle area is:
 A = π r2
 Quantities required are given as under.
 π = 3.1416
 r = 10.8
What is Compiler?
 A compiler is a program that translates a source
program written in some high-level programming
language (such as C++) into machine code.

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