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49 views27 pages

Untitled

Uploaded by

Erjohn Oca
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

4
Trigonometric
Functions
Do you have any idea/s what is SOH-CAH-TOA?

SOH - Sine ᶿ = Opposite / Hypotenuse


CAH - Cosine ᶿ = Adjacent / Hypotenuse

TOA - Tangent ᶿ = Opposite / Adjacent

3
Right Triangle
4.1 Trigonometry

Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved.


The Six
Trigonometric
Functions
5
The Six Trigonometric Functions
Consider a right triangle, with one acute angle labeled  ,
as shown in Figure 4.1. Relative to the angle  , the three
sides of the triangle are the hypotenuse, the opposite
side (the side opposite the angle  ), and the adjacent side
(the side adjacent to the angle  ).

Figure 4.1
6
The Six Trigonometric Functions
Using the lengths of these three sides, you can form six ratios
that define the six trigonometric functions of the acute angle .

sine cosecant
cosine secant
tangent cotangent

In the following definitions it is important to see that

0  <  < 90 
 lies in the first quadrant
and that for such angles the value of each trigonometric function is
positive.
7
The Six Trigonometric Functions

8
Example 1 – Evaluating Trigonometric Functions

Use the triangle in Figure 4.2 to find the exact values of the
six trigonometric functions of .

Figure 4.2
9
Example 1 – Solution cont’d

By the Pythagorean Theorem,(hyp)2 = (opp)2 + (adj)2,


it follows that

hyp =

=5

10
Example 1 – Solution cont’d

So, the six trigonometric functions of  are

11
Answer the Activity
Given right triangle LDEF, LE is the
right angle. Define the six trigonometric
ratios for LD and LF.
D

E F 12
In the figure below, find the six trigonometric ratios of ∠ᶿ.
sinᶿ =
cosᶿ =
tanᶿ =
cscᶿ = 6
4
secᶿ =
cotᶿ =
ᶿ
8
13
14
The Six Trigonometric Functions

In the box, note that sin 30  = = cos 60 . This occurs


because 30  and 60  are complementary angles, and, in
general, it can be shown from the right triangle definitions
that cofunctions of complementary angles are equal.

15
The Six Trigonometric Functions
That is, if  is an acute angle, then the following
relationships are true.

sin(90  –  ) = cos  cos(90  –  ) = sin 

tan(90  –  ) = cot  cot(90  –  ) = tan 

sec(90  –  ) = csc  csc(90  –  ) = sec 

16
Example 4 – Using a Calculator
Use a calculator to evaluate cos(5  40 12).

Solution:
Begin by converting to decimal degree form.

5  40 12 = 5  + + = 5.67 

Then use a calculator in degree mode to evaluate


cos 5.67 

Function Graphing Calculator Keystrokes Display


cos(5  40 12) 0.9951074
= cos 5.67  17
Trigonometric Identities

In trigonometry, a great deal of time is

spent studying relationships between

trigonometric functions (identities).

18
Trigonometric Identities

19
Example 5 – Applying Trigonometric Identities

Let  be an acute angle such that cos  = 0.8. Find the


values of (a) sin  and (b) tan  using trigonometric
identities.

Solution:
a. To find the value of sin , use the Pythagorean identity

sin2 + cos2 = 1.

So, you have


sin2 + (0.8)2 = 1. Substitute 0.8 for cos .

20
Example 5 – Solution cont’d

sin2  = 1 – (0.8)2 Subtract (0.8)2 from each side.

sin2  = 0.36 Simplify.

sin  = Extract positive square root.

Simplify.
sin  = 0.6

21
Example 5 – Solution cont’d

b. Now, knowing the sine and cosine of , you can find the
tangent of  to be

tan 

= 0.75.

Use the definitions of sin 


and tan  and the triangle
shown in Figure 4.28 to
Figure 4.28
check these results. 22
Applications

23
Applications
Many applications of trigonometry involve a process called
solving right triangles.

In this type of application, you are usually given one side of


a right triangle and one of the acute angles and are asked
to find one of the other sides, or you are given two sides
and are asked to find one of the acute angles.

24
Applications
In Example 8, the angle you are
given is the angle of elevation,
which represents the angle from
the horizontal upward to the object.

In other applications you may be


given the angle of depression,
which represents the angle from
the horizontal downward to the object.
(See Figure 4.30.) Figure 4.30

25
Example 8 – Using Trigonometry to Solve a Right Triangle

A surveyor is standing 50 feet from the base of a large tree,


as shown in Figure 4.31. The surveyor measures the angle
of elevation to the top of the tree as 71.5. How tall is the
tree?

Figure 4.31

Solution:
From Figure 4.31, you can see that

tan 71.5
26
Example 8 – Solution cont’d

Where x = 50 and y is the height of the tree. So, the height


of the tree is

y = x tan 71.5

= 50 tan 71.5

 149.43 feet.

27

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