Mathematics in the

Modern World
Prepared by: Ms. Rea O. Lambrento, LPT, MAEd
 Objectives
• Discuss the language, symbols, and conventions used in mathematics;
• Explain the nature of mathematics as a language; and
• Evaluate mathematical expressions correctly.
 a set of
problem-
solving
tools

a
an art
Mathematics language

is …

a process “Mathematics is the alphabet

a study of
patterns
of with which God has written
thinking the universe.”
- Galileo Galilei
Patterns
• Logic Patterns – A pattern that makes categories and does
classification comes before numeration. It deals with the
characteristics of various objects and we use these patterns to think.

.
Patterns
Geometric Patterns – A geometric pattern is a motif or design depicting
abstract, nonrepresentational shapes such as lines, circles, ellipses, triangles,
rectangles and polygons.

.
 Patterns
•Number Patterns – A pattern that is defined as an arrangement of
numbers in such a way that follows a particular property or pattern

-4, -6, -8, -10…..

.
Patterns
•Word Patterns – The metrical patterns of poems and syntactic patterns of how
we make nouns plural or verbs past tense are both word patterns, and each
supports mathematical as well as natural language understanding.

.
 A sequence is an ordered list of numbers, called
terms, which may have repeated values. The
arrangement of these terms is set by a definite rule.

•Leonardo Pisano (Fibonacci) discovered the sequence.

•Each subsequent number is the sum of the two preceding numbers.
•Thus the sequence begins as follows:
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144….
 MATHEMATICAL LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLS

• People all around the world speak different languages. A simple thought is
difficult to comprehend if presented in a language that you do not understand.
Similarly, people frequently have trouble understanding mathematical ideas,
not necessarily because the ideas are difficult, but because they are being
presented in a foreign language – the language of mathematics. Yes,
mathematics is also a special kind of language. In fact, it is a universal form of
mathematics that makes it easy to express the kind of thoughts that
mathematicians like to express. - Hengania, Catherine, et al., (2018)
 Characteristics of the Mathematics Language

Mathematics language is:

1) Precise – it is able to make very fine distinctions or
definitions among a set of mathematical symbols.
2) Concise – It can briefly express long sentences.
3) Powerful – It can express complex thoughts with relative
ease.
EXAMPLE:
“The sum of any two real numbers is also a real number” In mathematical notation, this declarative sentence can
be written as:
" a,b Î R, a + b Î R
Mathematics is a symbolic language. Some of the symbols that you may encounter:
 Expressions vs. Sentences
An expression is the mathematical analogue of an English noun; it is the correct
arrangement of mathematical symbols used to represent a mathematical
object of interest. An expression does not state a complete thought; in particular,
it does not make sense to ask if an expression is true or false.
Example: “3+4”

Types of expressions:
 numbers ordered pairs
sets matrices
functions vectors
 Expressions vs. Sentences
A mathematical sentence is the analogue of an English sentence; it is the
correct arrangement of mathematical symbols that expresses a complete
thought. It makes sense to ask about the truth of a sentence: Is it true? Is
it false? Is it sometimes true/sometimes false?

Example: “3+4=7”
 SPEAKING MATHEMATICALLY

Variables
• A variable is any entity that can take on different values. 
• A variable is used to represent an unknown quantity.
• These variables can be any alphabets from a to z. The most
commonly used letters in equations are, ‘a’,’b’,’c’, ‘x’,’y’ and ‘z.
Translating Phrases
Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division

sum minus product divided by

plus subtracted from twice quotient
more than difference of times ratio
added to less than multiplied by divided into
increased by decreased by of
less
Order is
Order is important!!
important!!
Translating Phrases
•The key words sum, difference, product, and quotient indicate the
answer for their respective operations.

sum of x and 3 difference of x and 3

x–3
x+3

product of x and 3 quotient of x and 3

x  3 or 3x x
x  3 or
3
Translating Phrases
Operation Variable Expression Word Phrases
Some number plus three
Three added to some number
Addition x+3 The sum of some number and three
Three more than some number
A number increased by three
Translating Phrases

Operation Variable Expression Word Phrases

Some number minus six
Six subtracted from some number
The difference of some number
and six
Subtraction y–6 Six less than some number
Some number decreased by six
Some number less six
Translating Phrases

Operation Variable Expression Word Phrases

Twice some number
Two times some number
Multiplication 2a The product of two and some
number
Some number multiplied by two
c squared
Exponents c2 The square of c
c to the second power
k cubed
k3 k to the third power
The cube of k
Roots The square root of x
x
Translating Phrases

Operation Variable Expression Word Phrases

Some number divided by five
The quotient of some number and
x five
Division 5 The ratio of some number and five
Five divided into some number
Translate the phrase to an algebraic expression.
Twelve less than three times a number

a) 3n + 12
b) 12 – 3n

c) 3n – 12

d) 3n  12
 Translate the phrase to an algebraic expression.
The difference of a and b decreased by the sum
of w and z

a) (a – b) – (w + z)
b) a – b – (w + z)
c) ab – (w + z)
d) (b – a) – (w + z)

1.6
 Translate the phrase to an algebraic expression.

1. 6 is subtracted from the sum of x and 2 times y

(x + 2y) – 6
2. 5 times g reduced by the square of h

5g – h2
Translate and Solve

13  4 x 4x
Thirteen more than the product of four and a number
yields 9.
=
13  4 x  9 13  4 x  9
 13  13
4 x  9  13
4 x  4
4 4 4 x  4
x  1 4 x  4
4 4
Note: you may also transpose 13 to the other side
x  1
Translate and Solve

3x  5 x5
Three times the difference of a number and five
is equal to seven times the number, minus twelve.
= 7x 7 x  12
3x  5  7 x  12 3x  5  7 x  12
3x  15  7 x  12 3x  15  7 x  12
 7x  7x
 4 x  15  12 3 x  7 x  12  15
 15  15  4x  3
 4x  3  4x  3
4 4 3 4 4 3
x x
4 4
 After 15 years, Ariel’s age will become four times that of her present age. Find her
present age.

Solution :
Let Ariel’s present age = x years

After 15 years, her age = x + 15

x + 15 = 4x

x – 4x = -15
-3x = -15

X=5

Ariel’s present age = 5 years.

 Jamie earned 15 more points on her test than Paul earned. Their points add up to 143. How
many points did each student earn?

Solution :
Let p- Paul’s score

Jamie’s Score=p + 15

p+(p + 15) = 143

2p+15=143
2p = 143-15

2p = 128
p= 64

Pau’s score =64 and Jamie is 79

END of PRESENTATION