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    DM Plant

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    Awaiz Khan
    The document describes a visit to a de-mineralization water plant. It discusses how the plant removes impurities from raw water through various ion exchange processes to produce purified water. Major equipment in the plant includes filters, cation exchange units, anion exchange units, and storage tanks. The ion exchange process works by trapping cations on resin in cation units and anions on resin in anion units. Calculations are shown for ionic load and throughput of one of the cation units.

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    DM Plant

    Uploaded by

    Awaiz Khan
    102 views16 pages
    The document describes a visit to a de-mineralization water plant. It discusses how the plant removes impurities from raw water through various ion exchange processes to produce purified water. Major equipment in the plant includes filters, cation exchange units, anion exchange units, and storage tanks. The ion exchange process works by trapping cations on resin in cation units and anions on resin in anion units. Calculations are shown for ionic load and throughput of one of the cation units.

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    The document describes a visit to a de-mineralization water plant. It discusses how the plant removes impurities from raw water through various ion exchange processes to produce purified water. Major equipment in the plant includes filters, cation exchange units, anion exchange units, and storage tanks. The ion exchange process works by trapping cations on resin in cation units and anions on resin in anion units. Calculations are shown for ionic load and throughput of one of the cation units.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    102 views16 pages

    DM Plant

    Uploaded by

    Awaiz Khan
    The document describes a visit to a de-mineralization water plant. It discusses how the plant removes impurities from raw water through various ion exchange processes to produce purified water. Major equipment in the plant includes filters, cation exchange units, anion exchange units, and storage tanks. The ion exchange process works by trapping cations on resin in cation units and anions on resin in anion units. Calculations are shown for ionic load and throughput of one of the cation units.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    INDUSTRIAL VISIT/

    TRAINING
    (CHC-4910)
    Study of De-Mineralization
    Water Plant

    Presented by – Arohi Shandilya


    B.Tech. 4th year Chemical Engineering
    Faculty No. – 19CHB081
    Enrollment No. – GK1255
    Serial No. - 02
    CONTENTS:
    • Introduction
    • De-Mineralization Water Plant (DM Plant)
    • Purpose of DM Plant
    • Major Equipments
    • Process of DM Plant
    • Ion-Exchange Mechanism
    • Calculations of Ionic load and Throughput
    INTRODUCTION
    There are ten divisions under Offsite and
    Utilities – 7. Effluent Treatment Plant
    1.Fire and Safety
    8. Ammonia Storage
    2.Captive Power Steam Generation Plant
    9. Main Flare Stack
    3.De-Mineralisation Plant
    10. Distributed Control System
    4.Cooling Water System

    5.Instrument Air Plant

    6.Inert Gas Generation Plant


    DE-MINERALIZATION WATER PLANT
    • The Fresh Water contains various impurities such as
    • SUSPENDED SOLIDS: Debris, Dust & Dirt, Organic matter, Turbidity.
    • DISSOLVED SOLIDS: Cations, Anions, Colloids.
    • GASES: CO2, O2, NH3, H2S.
    • These impurities results in corrosive and scaling nature of water, which is harmful for
    any process equipment in plant.
    • DM Water Plant ensure removal of total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, gases
    and other materials (as oil and organic matters) from water and produces pure water
    (polished water) through ion exchange process.
    DM Plant
    PURPOSE OF DM PLANT
    • To Produce Polished Water For The Entire Complex @ 500 M³/hr, used as Boiler
    Feed Water for Steam Generation as well as for Quenching and Process Flushing.
    • DM water is supplied to steam generating units and process plants. The boiler feed
    water’s total dissolved solids must be less than 0.02ppm.
    • Low pH or dissolved oxygen in the water attacks the steel. This causes pitting or
    lowering the thickness of the steel tubes, leading to rupture of the boiler tubes.
    • Impurities carried over in the steam, causing deposits on turbine blades leading to
    reduced turbine efficiency, high vibrations, and blade failure.
    MAJOR EQUIPMENTS
    • Two Pressure Sand Filters ( 2 X 150 m^3/Hr)

    • Three Cation Units ( 3 X 150 m^3 /Hr)

    • Four Anion Units ( 4 X 150 m^3 /Hr)

    • Four Condensate Cation Units ( 4 X 120 m^3 /Hr)

    • Five Mixed Bed Units ( 5 X 200 m^3 /Hr)

    • Two Degassed Towers


    MAJOR EQUIPMENTS
    Intermediate Storage Tanks :

    • FWST Filter water storage tank

    • SWST Service water storage tank

    • DGST Degassed water storage tank

    • PCST Process condensate water storage tank

    • DMST Demineralized water storage tank

    • PWST Polish water storage tank


    PROCESS OF DM PLANT
    PROCESS OF DM PLANT
    • Raw water, from raw water ring header, passes through the pressure sand filters
    where total suspended solids (as debris, dust & dirt, silt, sand, mud) get removed.
    • . Filtered raw water get stored in Filtered Raw Water Storage Tank & Service Water
    Storage Tank. Service Water Storage Tank supplies water as drinking water in plant
    & as plant cleaning water i.e., service water.
    • Filtered Water Storage Tank supplies water to Cation units (WAC and SAC) where
    Calcium ions, Magnesium ions, Sodium ions, Potassium ions & other cation traces
    are removed from water.
    • The outlet water, then passes through Degassed Tower where carbon dioxide gets
    removed from water and processed water gets stored in Degassed Water Storage
    Tank.
    • Degassed Water Storage Tank supplies water to Anion units (WBA and SBA), where
    Sulphate ions, Chloride ions, Nitrate ions, Bi-carbonate ions, reactive silica ions are
    removed. The outlet water gets stored in De-Mineralised Storage Tank.
    PROCESS OF DM PLANT
    • In Demineralised storage tank, turbine condensate from process plants also
    gets stored. De-Mineralised Storage tank supplies water to Mixed Bed for
    further purifying and Mixed Bed’s outlet water gets stored in Polished Water
    Storage Tank as polished water.
    • Process condensate water and Steam condensate water get stored in Process
    Condensate Storage Tank and this water after passing through Activated
    carbon filters & Process Condensate Cation Units gets stored in Degassed
    Water Storage Tank
    ION-EXCHANGE MECHANISM
    • As water passes through Weak Acid Cation unit, Ca, Mg and Fe ions are trapped in the
    resin bed and H ions are released. The reaction is given below:
    Ca&Mg(HCO3)2 + 2RH R2Ca&Mg + 2H2O + 2CO2
    • In Strong Acid Cation unit, Na and K ions are trapped in resin bed along with bivalent
    cations (Ca, Mg etc.) and H ions are released. The reactions are as follows:
    NaCl + RH RNa + HCl
    Na2SO4 + 2RH 2RNa + H2SO4
    ION-EXCHANGE MECHANISM
    • In Weak Base Anion Unit, SO4, Cl and NO3 ions replace the resin’s OH functional group. The
    reactions are follows:
    H2SO4 + 2ROH R2SO4 + 2H2O
    HCl + ROH RCl + H2O
    HNO3 + ROH RNO3 + H2O
    • In Strong Base Anion Unit, HCO3 and HSiO3 ions are caught in resin bed along with other
    anions. The reactions are given below:
    H2CO3 + ROH RHCO3 + H2O
    H2SiO3 + ROH RHSiO3 + H2O
    • The reactions involved in Process Condensate Cation unit are as follows:
    KOH + RH RK + H2O
    (NH4)OH + RH RNH4 + H2O
    CALCULATIONS
    For Weak Acid Cation Unit (WAC) :
    Raw water analysis gives the following result:
    Calcium hardness as CaCO3 = 105 ppm
    Magnesium hardness as CaCO3 = 95 ppm
    Sodium hardness as Na = 155 ppm
    Potassium as K = 6 ppm
    Total iron as Fe = 0.15 ppm
    Now, all parameters are calculated in ppm as CaCO3.
    Sodium as CaCO3 = ppm of Na*equivalent weight of CaCO3/ Eq. wt. of Na
    = 155*50/ 23
    = 336.96 ppm
    CALCULATIONS
    Similarly, Potassium as CaCO3 = 6*50/39 = 7.69 ppm
    Iron as CaCO3 = 0.15*50/28 = 0.268 ppm
    Ionic load on WAC = Ca + Mg + Fe
    = 105 + 95 + 0.268 ppm
    = 200.268 ppm as CaCO3

    Resin volume in WAC = 8 m3


    Exchange Capacity of resin = 200 kg as CaCO3/ m3 of resin volume
    Regeneration Efficiency = 70%
    CALCULATIONS
    Throughput of WAC = Resin volume*Exchange Capacity* Reg. eff.* 1000
    Total ionic load (ppm as CaCO3)

    = 8*200*0.7*1000
    200.268
    = 5592.5 m3

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