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Basics of Digital Circuits: by Serupalli Mineesha 21MTIS03

Digital circuits use logic gates to operate with different power signals representing on and off states. The basic logic gates are AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR, and XNOR. AND gates output 1 only when all inputs are 1, while OR gates output 1 if any input is 1. NOT inverts the input. NAND and NOR gates output 0 when the AND or OR of the inputs is 1, respectively. XOR outputs 1 if only one input is 1, while XNOR outputs 1 if both inputs are the same. More complex circuits can be built by combining logic gates.

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Nihal Reddy Singasani
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57 views22 pages

Basics of Digital Circuits: by Serupalli Mineesha 21MTIS03

Digital circuits use logic gates to operate with different power signals representing on and off states. The basic logic gates are AND, OR, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR, and XNOR. AND gates output 1 only when all inputs are 1, while OR gates output 1 if any input is 1. NOT inverts the input. NAND and NOR gates output 0 when the AND or OR of the inputs is 1, respectively. XOR outputs 1 if only one input is 1, while XNOR outputs 1 if both inputs are the same. More complex circuits can be built by combining logic gates.

Uploaded by

Nihal Reddy Singasani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Basics of Digital Circuits

By
Serupalli Mineesha
21MTIS03
Digital Circuit

A digital circuit is a type of circuit that operates on different logic gates. The logic gates
are used to differentiate between various power signals. It can be used to transmit the power
signal to the different parts of the electronic device through various gates.
Why is everything in computer is in power of 2?
• Digital electronics used in computers have two states: on and off. So
storage of numbers in memory is made up of collections of elements
each of which is on or off.

1 input ---- possibilities --- 2


2 input ---- possibilities --- 4
3 input ---- possibilities --- 8
1 input --- 0,1
2 inputs ---- 0 0
01
10
11
3 inputs ---- 0 0 0 100
001 101
010 110
011 111
logic gates
1.AND
2.OR Basic gates
3.NOT
4.NOR Universal gates
5.NAND
6.XOR
7.XNOR
And gate
• An AND gate has a single output and two or more inputs.
1. When all of the inputs are 1, the output of this gate is 1.
2. The AND gate’s Boolean logic is Y=A.B if there are two inputs A and B.

A B A AND B

0 0 0

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1
Or gate
Two or more inputs and one output can be used in an OR gate.
1. The logic of this gate is that if at least one of the inputs is 1, the output will be 1.
2. The OR gate’s output will be given by the following mathematical procedure if there are two inputs A and B:
Y=A+B

Input Output

A B A OR B

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 1
Not gate
• The NOT gate is a basic one-input, one-output gate.
1. When the input is 1, the output is 0, and vice versa. A NOT gate is sometimes called an inverter because of its
feature.
2. If there is only one input A, the output may be calculated using the Boolean equation Y=A’.

A Not A

0 1

1 0
Nor gate
• A NOR gate, sometimes known as a “NOT-OR” gate, consists of an OR gate followed by a NOT gate.
1. This gate’s output is 1 only when all of its inputs are 0. Alternatively, when all of the inputs are low, the
output is high.
2. The Boolean statement for the NOR gate is Y=(A+B)’ if there are two inputs A and B.

A B A NOR B

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 0
Nand gate
• A NAND gate, sometimes known as a ‘NOT-AND’ gate, is essentially a Not gate followed by an
AND gate.
1. This gate’s output is 0 only if none of the inputs is 0. Alternatively, when all of the inputs are not
high and at least one is low, the output is high.
2. If there are two inputs A and B, the Boolean expression for the NAND gate is Y=(A.B)’

A B A NAND B

0 0 1

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0
Xor gate
The Exclusive-OR or ‘Ex-OR’ gate is a digital logic gate that accepts more than two inputs but only outputs one
value.
1. If any of the inputs is ‘High,’ the output of the XOR Gate is ‘High.’ If both inputs are ‘High,’ the output is
‘Low.’ If both inputs are ‘Low,’ the output is ‘Low.’
2. The Boolean equation for the XOR gate is Y=A’.B+A.B’ if there are two inputs A and B.

A B A XOR B

0 0 0

0 1 1

1 0 1

1 1 0
Xnor gate
• The Exclusive-NOR or ‘EX-NOR’ gate is a digital logic gate that accepts more than two inputs but only
outputs one.
1. If both inputs are ‘High,’ the output of the XNOR Gate is ‘High.’ If both inputs are ‘Low,’ the output is
‘High.’ If one of the inputs is ‘Low,’ the output is ‘Low.’
2. If there are two inputs A and B, then the XNOR gate’s Boolean equation is: Y=A.B+A’B’.

A B A XNOR B

0 0 1

0 1 0

1 0 0

1 1 1
1. AND A.B
2. OR A+B
3. NOT A’ or
4. NAND (A.B)’
5. NOR (A+B)’
6. XOR A.B’+A’.B
7. XNOR A.B + A’B’
• A + B.C

A B C B.C output

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0

0 1 0 0 0

0 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 0 1

1 0 1 0 1

1 1 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 1
problems
1. (A+(B+C))
2. ((A.B).C)
3. A.(B+C)
4. (A.B)+C
5. A’.(B + A’).(B + C)
6. ((A’.B) + A).B’
7. A’.(B+C’)
8. ((A.B) + A’).B’
Circuit (Example):
Circuits
1. 3.

2. 4.
5.

6.
7.

8.
Thank you

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