Y.B.

PATIL POLYTECHNIC,
AKURDI PUNE.

prepare a report on different

components with there functions inside
PC (internal hardware)
SR NAME ROLL Role
NO. NO.

1 SWAPNIL GAIKWAD Y-1216 Member

2 RUSHIKESH GAWALE Y-1217 Leader

3 SHWETA GORE Y-1218 Member

4 SAINATH HARDADE Y-1219 Member

5 TANVI INGALE Y-1220 Member

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our special thanks
of gratitude to our teacher Prof. Vidya Patil
who gave us the golden opportunity to do
this wonderful project on the topic,
prepare a report on different components with there
functions inside PC (internal hardware).
which also helped us in doing a lot of
Research and we came to know about so
many new things we are really thankful to
them.
Secondly we would also like to thank our
friends who helped us a lot in finalizing this
project within the limited time frame.
SR CONTENTS PAGE NO.
NO.

1 Motherboard 4
2 Random Access Memory (RAM) 7
3 Hard Disk Drive (HDD) 10
4 Solid State Drive (SSD) 13
5 Central Processing Unit (CPU) 16
6 Digital Video Disc (DVD) 19
7 Graphics Card (VGA CARD) 22
8 Power Supply 25
9 Sound Card 28
 INTRODUCTION

Computer Hardware is the physical part of a computer, as

distinguished from the computer software that executes or runs on the
hardware. The hardware of a computer is infrequently changed, while
software and data are modified frequently. The term soft refers to
readily created, modified, or erased. These are unlike the physical
components within the computer which are hard.
When you think of the term computer hardware you probably think of
the guts inside your personal computer at home or the one in your
classroom. However, computer hardware does not specifically refer to
personal computers. Instead, it is all types of computer systems.
Computer hardware is in embedded systems in automobiles,
microwave ovens, CD players, DVD players, and many more devices.
In 2003, only 0.2% of all microprocessors sold were for personal
computers. How many other things in your house or your classroom
use computer hardware?
 MOTHERBOARD

• A motherboard (also called mainboard, main circuit
board, mb, mboard, backplane board, base board, system
board, logic board (only in Apple computers) or mobo) is the
main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers
and other expandable systems.
• It holds and allows communication between many of the
crucial electronic components of a system, such as the central
processing unit (CPU) and memory, and provides connectors
for other peripherals.
• Unlike a backplane, a motherboard usually contains significant
sub-systems, such as the central processor,
the chipset's input/output and memory
controllers, interface connectors, and other components
integrated for general use.
 MOTHERBOARD FUNCTION

• The motherboard is the backbone that ties the

computer’s components together at one spot
and allows them to talk to each other. Without
it, none of the computer pieces, such as the
CPU, GPU, or hard drive, could interact.
• Total motherboard functionality is necessary
for a computer to work well. If your
motherboard is on the fritz, expect some big
problems.
 MOTHERBOARD
 Random Access Memory (RAM)

Random-access memory (RAM) is a form of computer

memory that can be read and changed in any order,
typically used to store working data and machine code.
 A random-access memory device allows data items to
be read or written in almost the same amount of time
irrespective of the physical location of data inside the
memory, in contrast with other direct-access data storage
media (such as hard disks, CD-RWs, DVD-RWs and the
older magnetic tapes and drum memory), where the
time required to read and write data items varies
significantly depending on their physical locations on
the recording medium, due to mechanical limitations
such as media rotation speeds and arm movement.
 Random Access Memory
(RAM) FUNCTION

• RAM is a form of temporary storage that gets wiped

when you turn your computer off.
• RAM offers lightning-fast data access, which makes
it ideal for the processes, apps, and programs your
computer is actively working on, such as the data
needed to surf the internet through your
 Random Access Memory
(RAM)
 HARD DISC DRIVE (HDD)
• A hard disk drive (HDD), hard disk, hard drive,
or fixed disk is an electro-mechanical data storage
device that stores and retrieves digital
data using magnetic storage with one or more rigid
rapidly rotating platters coated with magnetic material.
• The platters are paired with magnetic heads, usually
arranged on a moving actuator arm, which read and
write data to the platter surfaces. 
• Data is accessed in a random-access manner, meaning
that individual blocks of data can be stored and
retrieved in any order. HDDs are a type of non-volatile
storage, retaining stored data when powered off.
Modern HDDs are typically in the form of a
small rectangular box.
 HARD DISC DRIVE (HDD)
FUNCTION
• The hard disk is a secondary storage device, which is
designed to store data permanently.
• The secondary storage devices include a large storage
capacity as compared to the primary storage devices.
• The data stored in a hard disk is retained when our
computer system shuts down.
• The data stored in the hard disk can be of many types
such as the operating system, installed software,
documents, and other files of computer.
 HARD DISC DRIVE (HDD)
 SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD)

• A solid-state drive (SSD) is a solid-state storage device

that uses integrated circuit assemblies to store
data persistently, typically using flash memory, and
functioning as secondary storage in the hierarchy of
computer storage. 
• It is also sometimes called a semiconductor storage
device, a solid-state device or a solid-state disk, even
though SSDs lack the physical spinning disks and
movable read–write heads used in hard disk
drives (HDDs) and floppy disks SSD also has rich
internal parallelism for data processing.
 SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD)
FUNCATION
• An SSD reads and writes data to underlying
interconnected flash memory chips made out of silicon.
Manufacturers build SSDs by stacking chips in a grid to
achieve different densities.
• SSDs read and write data to an underlying set of
interconnected flash memory chips. These chips use
floating gate transistors (FGTs) to hold an electrical
charge, which enables the SSD to store data even when
it is not connected to a power source. Each FGT
contains a single bit of data, designated either as a 1 for
a charged cell or a 0 if the cell has no electrical charge.
 SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD)
 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU)
• A central processing unit (CPU), also called a central
processor, main processor or just processor, is
the electronic circuitry that
executes instructions comprising a computer program.
• The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling,
and input/output (I/O) operations specified by the
instructions in the program.
• This contrasts with external components such as main
memory and I/O circuitry, and specialized processors
such as graphics processing units (GPUs).
 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU) FUNCTION

• The CPU can process those instructions easily, thanks

to a control unit that knows how to interpret program
instructions and an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) that
knows how to add numbers. With the control unit and
ALU combined, the CPU can process much more
complex programs than a simple calculator.
CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
(CPU)
 DIGITAL VIDEO DISC (DVD)
• The DVD (common abbreviation for Digital Video
Disc or Digital Versatile Disc) is a digital optical
disc data storage format. It was invented and
developed in 1995 and first released on November 1,
1996, in Japan.
• The medium can store any kind of digital data and has
been widely used for video programs (watched
using DVD players) or formerly for storing software
and other computer files as well.
• DVDs offer significantly higher storage capacity
than compact discs (CD) while having the same
dimensions. A standard DVD can store up to 4.7 GB of
storage, while variants can store up to a maximum of
17.08 GB.
 DIGITAL VIDEO DISC (DVD)
FUNCTION
• Varieties of information can be recorded using optical
disks. Whether you are a computer user to backup data
or application developer to record software or in
entertainment industry (movies), CD/DVDs are simple
mediums to distribute any kind of information easily.
 DIGITAL VIDEO DISC (DVD)
 GRAPHICS CARD (VGA CARD)

• A graphics card (also called a video card, display

card, graphics adapter, VGA card/VGA, video
adapter, display adapter, or mistakenly GPU) is
an expansion card which generates a feed of output
images to a display device, such as a computer monitor.
• Graphics cards are sometimes called discrete or
dedicated graphics cards to emphasize their distinction
to integrated graphics.
• A graphics processing unit that performs the necessary
computations is the main component of a graphics card,
but the acronym "GPU" is sometimes also used to refer
to the graphics card as a whole.
 GRAPHICS FUNCTUON

• Graphics cards allow computers to produce graphics

and images more quickly.
• A graphics card has its own processor, a GPU or
graphical processing unit, according to Jason Cross at
PC World. The video card connects to the motherboard
and the monitor.
• This allows the card to accept information from the
CPU (central processing unit) and send output to the
monitor.
 GRAPHICS CARD (VGA
CARD)
 POWER SUPPLY
• A power supply is an electrical device that
supplies electric power to an electrical load. The main
purpose of a power supply is to convert electric
current from a source to the correct voltage, current,
and frequency to power the load.
• As a result, power supplies are sometimes referred to
as electric power converters. Some power supplies are
separate standalone pieces of equipment, while others
are built into the load appliances that they power.
Examples of the latter include power supplies found
in desktop computers and consumer
electronics devices.
 POWER SUPPLY FUNCTION
• Power supplies are categorized in various ways, including by
functional features. For example, a regulated power supply is one
that maintains constant output voltage or current despite
variations in load current or input voltage.
• Conversely, the output of an unregulated power supply can
change significantly when its input voltage or load current
changes. Adjustable power supplies allow the output voltage or
current to be programmed by mechanical controls (e.g., knobs on
the power supply front panel), or by means of a control input, or
both. An adjustable regulated power supply is one that is both
adjustable and regulated. An isolated power supply has a power
output that is electrically independent of its power input; this is
in contrast to other power supplies that share a common
connection between power input and output.
 POWER SUPPLY
 SOUND CARD

• A sound card (also known as an audio card) is an

internal expansion card that provides input and
output of audio signals to and from a computer under the
control of computer programs. The term sound card is also
applied to external audio interfaces used for professional
audio applications.
• Sound functionality can also be integrated onto
the motherboard, using components similar to those found
on plug-in cards. The integrated sound system is often still
referred to as a sound card. Sound processing hardware is also
present on modern video cards with HDMI to output sound
along with the video using that connector; previously they
used a S/PDIF connection to the motherboard or sound card.
 SOUND FUNCTION

• Sound functionality can also be integrated onto

the motherboard, using components similar to those
found on plug-in cards.
• The integrated sound system is often still referred to as
a sound card. Sound processing hardware is also present
on modern video cards with HDMI to output sound
along with the video using that connector; previously
they used a S/PDIF connection to the motherboard or
sound card.
 SOUND CARD
CONCLUSION

In this project, we learnt about different components of

computer system with there functions. We learnt how
the mechanism of computer hardware inside Computer
works.
THANK YOU