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Introduction To English Literature 2 Year / 2nd Semester/ Poetry 2022-2023

The document provides an introduction to elements of poetry including alliteration, assonance, figurative language such as similes and metaphors, rhyme, rhythm, stanzas, and tone. It defines these elements and provides examples to illustrate alliteration, assonance, similes, and metaphors. The document explains that rhyme schemes describe the pattern of end rhymes in a poem and that rhythm refers to the repetition of stressed and unstressed sounds used to express meaning and convey feeling in poetry.

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90 views8 pages

Introduction To English Literature 2 Year / 2nd Semester/ Poetry 2022-2023

The document provides an introduction to elements of poetry including alliteration, assonance, figurative language such as similes and metaphors, rhyme, rhythm, stanzas, and tone. It defines these elements and provides examples to illustrate alliteration, assonance, similes, and metaphors. The document explains that rhyme schemes describe the pattern of end rhymes in a poem and that rhythm refers to the repetition of stressed and unstressed sounds used to express meaning and convey feeling in poetry.

Uploaded by

khoshy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to English Literature

2nd Year / 2nd Semester/ Poetry


2022-2023

Asst. Lecturer: Alaa Y. Mohammad


[email protected]
Elements of Poetry
1. Alliteration: Repeating the same first consonant sounds in a
series or sequence of words., usually at the beginning of a word or
stressed syllable:
- Descending dew drops.
-The beautiful bouquet blossomed in the bright sun.
Alliteration is based on the sounds of letters, rather than the
spelling of words; for example, “keen” and “car” alliterate, but
“car” and “cite” do not.

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2. Assonance:
Assonance is a literary device in which the repetition of similar
vowel sounds takes place in two or more words. Assonance most
often refers to the repetition of internal vowel sounds in words that
do not end the same, for example:

Goodnight, sleep tight, don’t let the bedbugs bite


This little light of mine, I‘m going to let it shine
The cat is out of the bag

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3. Figurative language is a form of language use in which the
writers and speakers mean something other than the literal meaning
of their words. Two figures of speech that are particularly important
for poetry are simile and metaphor. A simile involves a comparison
between unlike things using like or as. For instance, “My love is
like a red, red rose.” A metaphor is a comparison between
essentially unlike things without a word such as like or as. For
example, “My love is a red, red rose.”

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4. Rhyme is the repetition of similar final syllables in different
words, most often at the ends of lines. Rhyme’s main purpose is
sound rather than spelling; thus, words that end with the same vowel
sounds rhyme, for instance, day, prey, bouquet, weigh, and words
with the same consonant ending rhyme, for instance vain, rein, lane.
The rhyme scheme of a poem, describes the pattern of end rhymes.
Rhyme schemes are planned out by noting patterns of rhyme with
letters: the first rhyme sound is labelled A, the second becomes B,
the third C, and so on.

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5. Rhythm is a term used to refer to the repetition of stressed and
unstressed sounds in poetry. Poets depend heavily on rhythm to
express meaning and convey feeling. A line that ends without a
pause and continues into the next line for its meaning is called a
run-on line.

6. Stanza is a group of lines, set off by a space, which usually has a


set pattern of meter and rhyme.

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7. Tone expresses the speaker’s indirect attitude toward the poem’s
subject. Tone is an notion we make from the details of a poem’s
language: the use of meter and rhyme (or lack of them); the
inclusion of certain kinds of details and exclusion of other kinds;
particular choices of words and sentence pattern, or imagery and
figurative language (wording). Another important element of tone
is the order of words in sentences, phrases, or clauses (syntax).
There are different tones in poetry, such as:  formal, informal,
optimistic, worried, friendly, curious, confident and encouraging.

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Questions?

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