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Solar Cell

Thank you for the presentation on solar cells. I have learned a lot about the principles, construction, types and applications of this important renewable energy technology.

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sonu sreekumar
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265 views15 pages

Solar Cell

Thank you for the presentation on solar cells. I have learned a lot about the principles, construction, types and applications of this important renewable energy technology.

Uploaded by

sonu sreekumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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A

Presentation on Solar Cell

Submitted To Submitted By
Ms. MALIKA ARORA SONU SREEKUMAR
ECE Department 2129829
CGC Jhanjeri B.Tech ECE 3rd sem
Contents
• Introduction
• Principle of Solar Cell
• Construction of Solar Cell
• Working of Solar Cell
• Types of Solar Cell
• Generation of Solar Cell
• Advantages & Disadvantages of Solar Cell
• Applications of Solar Energy
Introduction

 Solar cell is the photovoltaic device that convert the


light energy (which come from sun) into electrical
energy .
 this device work on the principle of photovoltaic
effect.
 Photovoltaic Device:- The generation of voltage
across the PN junction in a semiconductor due to the
absorption of light radiation is called photovoltaic
effect. The Devices based on this effect is called
photovoltaic device.
Principle of Solar Cell
The solar cells are based on the principles of photovoltaic
effect. The Photovoltaic Effect is the photogeneration of charge
carriers in a light absorbing materials as a result of absorption of
light radiation.
Single Solar cell

N-type

P-type
Construction of Solar Cell
 Solar (crystalline Silicon) consists of a n-type
semiconductor
cell layer and p-type
(emitter) semiconductor (base). The twolayers
layer
sandwiched and hence are there is formation
junction. of p-n
 The surface is coated with anti-refection coating to
avoid the loss of incident light energy due to
reflection.
 A proper metal contacts are made on the n-type and p-
type side of the semiconductor for electrical connection.
Working of solar cell
Working
 When a solar panel exposed
to sunlight , the light
energies are absorbed by a
semiconductor materials.
 Due to this absorbed
energy, the electrons are
liberated and produce the
external DC current.
 The DC current is
converted into 240-volt AC
current using an inverter
for different applications.
Types of Solar Cell
Based on the types of crystal used, soar cells can be classified as,
1. Monocrystalline silicon cells
2. Polycrystalline silicon cells
3. Amorphous silicon cells

4. The Monocrystalline silicon cell is produced from pure silicon


(single crystal). Since the Monocrystalline silicon is pure and
defect free, the efficiency of cell will be higher.

5. In polycrystalline solar cell, liquid silicon is used as raw


material and polycrystalline silicon was obtained followed by
solidification process. The materials contain various crystalline
sizes. Hence, the efficiency of this type of cell is less than
Monocrystalline cell.
3. Amorphous silicon was obtained by depositing silicon film
on the substrate like glass plate.

The layer thickness amounts to less than 1µm – the


thickness of a human hair for comparison is 50-100 µm.

The efficiency of amorphous cells is much lower than


that of the other two cell types.

As a result, they are used mainly in low power equipment,


such as watches and pocket calculators, or as facade
elements.
Comparison of Types of solar cell

Material Efficiency (%)

Monocrystalline silicon 14-17

Polycrystalline silicon 13-15

Amorphous silicon 5-7


Generation of Solar Cell
First Generation
– Single Junction Silicon Cells

 Limit efficiency 31%


 Single crystal silicon - 16-19%
efficiency
 Multi-crystal silicon - 14-
15% efficiency
 Best efficiency by Sun Power
22%

 87.4% of 2007 Production


 45.2% Single Crystal Si
 42.2% Multi-crystal SI
S
Generation
– Thin Film Cells
New materials and processes
to improve efficiency and reduce
cost.

Thin film cells use about 1% of the


expensive semiconductors compared
to First Generation cells.

Single Crystal Si 4.7% & multi


Crystal Si 0.5% of 2007 Production

 Single Crystal Si has 8–


11%
efficiency.


Third Generation – Multi-junction Cells

Enhance poor electrical performance while maintaining very low production


costs.

Current research is targeting conversion efficiencies of 30-60%


while retaining low cost materials and manufacturing techniques.

 Multi-junction cells – 30% efficiency (40-43% demonstrated)


ADVANTAGES OF
SOLAR CELL
 It is clean and non-polluting.

 It is a renewable energy.

 Solar cells do not produce noise and they are


totally
silent.

 They require very little maintenance.

 They have long life time.


Disadvantages of solar cell
 Soar cells (or) solar panels are very expensive.

 Energy has not be stored in batteries.

 Air pollution and whether can affect the production


of electricity.

 They need large are of land to produce more efficient


power
supply.

 Sun does not shine consistently.

 Less efficient and costly equipment.


APPLICATIONS OF
SOLAR ENERGY
 Domestic power supply.

 Electric power generation in space.

 Drying Agricultural Products.

 Solar pumps are used for water supply.

 Water Heating.

 Generating Electrical Power.

 To providing electrical power to satellites.

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