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    English Phonology

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    Faradill asyifa
    This document discusses the description of English vowels, including their length, tongue position in terms of height and frontness/backness, lip rounding, and types such as diphthongs and triphthongs. It explains how to describe vowels based on whether they are short or long, where the tongue is positioned in terms of height and front/back, and whether the lips are rounded or unrounded. It also defines diphthongs as vowel sounds that transition from one vowel to another, and triphthongs as consisting of a closing diphthong followed by a schwa.

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    English Phonology

    Uploaded by

    Faradill asyifa
    24 views21 pages
    This document discusses the description of English vowels, including their length, tongue position in terms of height and frontness/backness, lip rounding, and types such as diphthongs and triphthongs. It explains how to describe vowels based on whether they are short or long, where the tongue is positioned in terms of height and front/back, and whether the lips are rounded or unrounded. It also defines diphthongs as vowel sounds that transition from one vowel to another, and triphthongs as consisting of a closing diphthong followed by a schwa.

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    This document discusses the description of English vowels, including their length, tongue position in terms of height and frontness/backness, lip rounding, and types such as diphthongs and triphthongs. It explains how to describe vowels based on whether they are short or long, where the tongue is positioned in terms of height and front/back, and whether the lips are rounded or unrounded. It also defines diphthongs as vowel sounds that transition from one vowel to another, and triphthongs as consisting of a closing diphthong followed by a schwa.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    24 views21 pages

    English Phonology

    Uploaded by

    Faradill asyifa
    This document discusses the description of English vowels, including their length, tongue position in terms of height and frontness/backness, lip rounding, and types such as diphthongs and triphthongs. It explains how to describe vowels based on whether they are short or long, where the tongue is positioned in terms of height and front/back, and whether the lips are rounded or unrounded. It also defines diphthongs as vowel sounds that transition from one vowel to another, and triphthongs as consisting of a closing diphthong followed by a schwa.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 21

    ENGLISH PHONOLOGY

    LECTURE 10
    ENGLISH VOWELS (PART 2)
    By Widya, M.Hum.
    In this lecture, you will learn…

    How to describe English vowels


    Diphthong & Triphthong
    Describing Vowels

    • Length 🡪 short or long


    • Tongue Position 🡪 height and frontness/backness
    • Lip Rounding 🡪 Rounded/Unrounded
    Length: Short & Long

    EXAMPLES
    Tongue Position

    Tongue position is described using two criteria:


    the height of the tongue & the frontness/backness
    THE HEIGHT OF THE TONGUE

    The height is the vertical position of the tongue relative to either the roof of the mouth or the

    aperture of the jaw. In closed vowels, the tongue is positioned high in the mouth, whereas

    in open vowels, the tongue is positioned low in the mouth. 


         - Close vowel (high vowel)
         - Close-mid vowel
         - Mid vowel
         - Open-mid vowel
         - Open vowel (low vowel)
    high: /i:/, /I/, /u:/, /Ʊ/
     the tongue is generally high inside the mouth. The mouth is
    more closed.

    mid : /e/, /ə/, /ɜ:/, /ɔ:/


     the tongue is raised to a midway position between high and
    low.

    low : /æ/, //, /α:/, /ɒ/


     the tongue is generally low inside the mouth. The mouth is
    more opened.
    FRONTNESS/BACKNESS (PART OF THE TONGUE WHICH IS RAISED)

    The backness is the the position of the tongue during the articulation of a vowel


    relative to the back of the mouth. In front vowels, the tongue is positioned forward
    in the mouth, whereas in back vowels, the tongue is positioned towards the back
    of the mouth. 

          - Front vowel
          - Central vowel
          - Back vowel
    front : /i:/, /I/, /e/, /æ/
     the front part of the tongue is raised. The fact is that the very tip of
    the tongue is down, touches the back of the bottom front teeth. But the
    front part of the tongue is forward and high enough too see.

    central: /ə/, /ɜ:/, //


     the tongue is neither very pushed forward as front vowels nor pulled
    back as back vowels. The tongue is more central.

    back: /u:/, /Ʊ/, /ɔ:/, /α:/, /ɒ/


     the back part of the tongue is raised. The tongue is pulled back so
    the highest position is the back of the tongue. The tongue can not be
    seen.
    Lip Rounding

    Rounded
    Lip
    Rounding
    Unrounded

    Source: https://www.slideshare.net/manuelmedinavuad/english-vowel-sounds-phonetics-a
    nd-phonology
    Diphthongs
    Movement/glide from one vowel to another

    From constant/pure vowel to another vowel


    1st part longer and stronger
    2nd part shorter and quieter
    There are 8 diphthongs
    • - Diphthongs are produced with the organs of speech making a
    change in position. It happens when a sound is made by gliding
    from one vowel position to another.
    • - Diphthongs are represented phonetically by sequences of
    two letters, the 1st showing the starting point, drawn by dots; the
    2nd indicating the direction of movement called by the directing
    point, drawn by lines.
    • For example:
    • - /ei/ = /e/ is starting point and /i/ is directing point.
    • - /au/ = /a/ is starting point and /u/ is directing point.
    DIPHTHONGS

    Centring Closing

    ending in /∂/ ending in /I/ or /ʊ/


    Source: https://www.quora.com/What-is-a-diphthong
    Triphthongs
    The most complex English vowel-type sounds

    A glide from one vowel to another and then to a third one


    Produced rapidly and without interruption
    Composed of: closing diphthongs + /∂/

    /eı/ + /∂/ as in ‘layer’


    /aı/ + /∂/ as in ‘liar ‘
    /‫כּ‬ı/ + /∂/ as in ‘royal’
    /∂ʊ/ + /∂/ as in ‘lower’
    /aʊ/ + /∂/ as in ‘hour’
    You can learn from these OER (open
    educational resources) to get more
    understanding. Watch the video!

    Minimal Pairs of English Vowels


    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_6ZRgCKfPbU
    ASSIGNMENT

    DESCRIBE ALL ENGLISH VOWELS

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