Total Diff

Total Differentiation
DIFFERENTIATION OF COMPOSITE FUNCTION

Let z = f(x,y)
Possesses continuous partial derivatives and let
x = g (t)
Y= h(t)
Possess continuous derivatives

Then,

. .
dz z x z y
dt x t y t
o o o o
o o o o
= +
CHANGE OF VARIABLES
Let z=f(x,y)......................(1)
Possess continuous first order partial derivatives w.r.t. x,y.
Let x = (u,v) and y = (u,v)
Possesses continuous first order partial derivatives. We write,
=
z
u
|
c c
c
. . .............................(2)
= . . .............................(3)
Now, solve equation (2) and (3) as simultaneously linear equations
in and . This wil
z x z y
x u y u
z z x z y
v x v y v
z z
x y
c c c
+
c c c c
c c c c c
+
c c c c c
c c
c c
l give us expressions for and in terms
of , and the easily determined quantities , , , .
z z
x y
z z x x y y
u v u v u v
c c
c c
c c c c c c
c c c c c c
Differentiation of Implicit Function
Let f(x,y) = 0 defines y as a function of x implicitly.
We shall obtain the value of in terms of the partial derivatives
and .
Since f(x,y) is a function of x and y and y is function of x,
dy
dx
f f
x y
c c
c c
therefore
we can look upon f(x,y) as a composite function of x.
f f
= . .
f f
0 . ...........................( )
-
df dx dy
dx x dx y dx
dy
i
x y dx
dy f x
dx f y
c c
+
c c
c c
= +
c c
c c
=
c c
( )
1
2 2
2 2
y
Example 1: If x = tan , prove that
x
x dy - y dx
dz =
x + y
Solution: We know that,
dz = . .
1
But, .
1

z z
dx dy
x y
z y
y x
y x
| |
|
\ .
c c
+
c c
c
| |
=
|
c
\ . +
2 2
=
x + y

y
( )
2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
1
and =
1
x + y
dz =
x + y x + y
xdy - ydx
=
x + y
z x
y
y x
x
y x
dx dy
c
c
+
=
+
2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2: Find dz/dt when
z=xy , x=at , y = 2at
Verify by direct substitution.
Solution. We have
z= xy
2 and 2
2 and 2
= . .
Example
x y
x y
z z
y xy x xy
x y
dx dy
at a
dt dt
dz z dx z dy
dt x dt y dt
+
+
c c
= + = +
c c
= =
c c
+
c c
2 2
2 2 2 3 2 3 2 4
3 3 4
2 2
3 5 3 4 3 3 4
( 2 ).2 (2 ).2
(4 4 ).2 (4 ).2
(16 10 )
,
2 4 (16 10 )
Hence the verification
y xy at xy x a
a t a t at a t a t a
a t t
Again
z x y xy
a t a t a t t
= + + +
= + + +
= +
= +
= + +
2 2
2
Example 3: If z=x and y=z , then find the differential co-
efficient of the first order when x is the independent variable.
Solution: dz=
Since z=x 2 , 1
Thus, dz=2xdx+dx+2z
y x
z z
dx dy
x y
z z
y x
x y
+ +
c c
+
c c
c c
+ = =
c c
dz
dz(1-2z) = dx(2x+1)
dz (2x+1)

dx (1-2z)
, 2 (2 ) (1 4 ) 2
(1 2 ) (1 4 )
(1 4 )
(1 2 )
Also dy dx z xdx dy dx xz zdy
dy z dx xz
dy xz
dx z
=
= + + = + +
= +
+
=
Example 4: z is a function of x and y, prove that if x = e

u
+ e
-v
,
y = e
-u
+ e
-v
then
z z z z
x y
du dv dx dy
c c c c
=
Solution: z is a composite function of u, v. we have

z z z z
x y
du dv dx dy
c c c c
=

. .
u u
z z
e y e
dx dy
c c
=

. .
= - . .
v v
z z x z y
dv dx dv dy dv
z z
e e
dx dy
c c c c c
= +
c c
Subtracting, we get

( ) ( )
= x
u v u v
z z z z
e e e e
du dv dx dy
z z
y
dx dy

c c c c
= +
c c

Example 5: If z = e
x
sin y, where x = In t and y = t
2
, then find
dz
dt

Solution: We know that,

. .
dz z dx z dy
dt x dt y dt
c c
= +
c c
But ,

sin ,
x
z
e y
x
c
=
c

2
cos ,
1
and 2
1
sin . ( cos )2
= (sin 2 cos )
x
x x
x
z
e y
y
dx dy
t
dt t dt
dz
e y e y t
dt t
e
y t y
t
c
=
c
= =
= +
+
Example 6: If H = f(y-z, z-x, x-y), prove that

0
H H H
x y z
c c c
+ + =
c c c
Solution: Let, u = y-z, v = z-x, w = x-y
H = f(u,v,w)
H is a composite function of x,y,z.
We have,

. . .
= .0 .( 1) .1
=-
H H u H v H w
x u x v x w x
H H H
u v w
H H
v w
c c c c c c c
= + +
c c c c c c c
c c c
+ +
c c c
c c
+
c c
Similarly,

H H H
y w u
H H H
z u v
c c c
= +
c c c
c c c
= +
c c c
Adding all the above, we get

0
H H H
x y z
c c c
+ + =
c c c
Example 7: If x = r cos, y = r sin and V=f(x,y), then show that

2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
1 1
.
V V V V V
x y r r r r u
c c c c c
+ = + +
c c c c c
Solution: We have, x = r cos, y = r sin

cos . sin ..................( )
dy=sin .dx+sin . ...............( )
dx dr r i
and dy ii
u u
u u
=
Solving (i) and (ii) as simultaneous linear equations in dr and d, we get
Dr = cos.dx + sin. dy (iii)

1
(cos . sin . ).....................( )
, dr = ....................( )
.....................( )
d dy dx iv
r
r r
Now dx dy v
x y
and d dx dy vi
x y
u u u
u u
u
=
c c
+
c c
c c
= +
c c
Comparing (iii) and (v), we get

cos , sin
r r
x y
u u
c c
= =
c c
Comparing (iv) and (vi), we get

1 1
sin , cos
x r y r
u u
u u
c c
= =
c c
Thus,
. .
1
=cos . sin
1
= cos . sin ..................( )
v v r v
x r x x
v v
r r
v vii
r r
u
u
u u
u
u u
u
c c c c c
= +
c c c c c
c c
c c
c c
| |
|
c c
\ .
Similarly, . .
1
=cos . sin
1
= sin . cos ..................( )
v v r v
y r y y
v v
r r
v viii
r r
u
u
u u
u
u u
u
c c c c c
= +
c c c c c
c c
c c
c c
| |
+
|
c c
\ .
It follows that from (vii)

2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
1 1
cos . sin . cos . sin .
1 1 sin
=cos sin .cos . sin .cos .
1 1
sin sin .cos ...................( )
V v v
x r r r r
V V V V
r r r r r r r
V V
ix
r r
u u u u
u u
u
u u u u u
u u
u u u
u u
c c c c c
| || |
=
| |
c c c c c
\ .\ .
c c c c
+
c c c c c c
c c
+ +
c c
Similarly from (viii) it follows that
2
2
2 2 2 2
2
2
2
2
2 2 2
1 1
sin . cos . sin . cos .
1 1 cos
=sin sin .cos . sin .cos .
1 1
cos sin .cos ...................( )
V v v
y r r r r
V V V V
r r r r r r r
V V
x
r r
u u u u
u u
u
u u u u u
u u
u u u
u u
c c c c c
| || |
= + +
| |
c c c c c
\ .\ .
c c c c
+ + +
c c c c c c
c c
+
c c
Adding (ix) and (x), we get
( ) ( )
( )
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
1
cos sin cos sin
1
+ cos sin
1 1
= . .
V V V V
x y r r
V
r r
V V V
r r r r
u u u u
u
u u
u
c c c c
+ = + + +
c c c c
c
+
c
c c c
+ +
c c c
1. If z = x
m
y
n
, then prove that

dz dx dy
m n
z x y
= +
2. If u = x
2
-y
2
, x=2r-3s+4, y=-r+8s-5, find / u r c c
3. If x=r cos, y=r sin, then show that
(i) dx = cos.dr-r sin.d
(ii) dy = sin.dr+r.cos.d
Deduce that
(i)dx
2
+dy
2
=dr
2
+r
2
d
2

(ii)xdy-ydx=r
2
.d
4. If z=(cosy)/x and x=u
2
-v, y=e
V
, find
/ z v c c
5. If z=x
2
+y and y=z
2
+x, find differential co-efficients of the first
order when
(i)y is the independent variable.
(ii)z is the independent variable.
Exercise
6. If
sin cos cos
, , /
cos sin sin
u y x
z u v find z x
v x y
= = = c c

7. If
1
tan log , , .
t
y dz
z where x t y e find
x dt
= = =
8. If u = (x+y)/(1-xy), x=tan(2r-s
2
), y=cot(r
2
s) then find

9. If z=x
2
-y
2
, where x=e
t
cost, y=e
t
sint, find dz/dt.

10. If z=xyf(x,y) and z is constant, show that

'( / ) [ ( / )]
( / ) [ ( / )]
f y x x y x dy dx
f y x y y x dy dx
+
=
11. Find and if z=u

2
+v
2
+w
2
, where u=ye
x
,
y=xe
-y
, w=y/x.
/ z x c c
/ z y c c
12. If f(x,y)=0, (y,z)=0, show that

. . .
f z f
y z x x y
| | c c c c c
=
c c c c c
13. If z=e
ax+by
f(ax-by), prove that

2 .
z z
b a abz
x y
c c
+ =
c c
14. If
( ) ( )
2 2
1 1 x y y x a + =
, show that
( )
2
3/ 2 2
2
1
d y a
dx
x
=
15. Find dy/dx if

(i) x
4
+y
4
=5a
2
axy.
(ii) x
y
+y
x
=(x+y)
x+y

Total Diff

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

Total Diff

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Total Diff

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Total Differentiation

DIFFERENTIATION OF COMPOSITE FUNCTION

Example 4: z is a function of x and y, prove that if x = e

11. Find and if z=u

15. Find dy/dx if

You might also like