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Secular Views/ Concepts of Peace and Violence: Reporter's: Larahbelle Alegre James Clerk Zabate

The document discusses the evolution of secular concepts of peace and violence. [1] Early definitions viewed peace narrowly as merely the absence of war or direct violence. [2] As late as 1966, peace was still defined this way. However, [3] an alternative view emerged in the late 1960s that shifted attention to indirect or structural violence built into social, political, and economic systems, which can also cause death and suffering through conditions like poverty and disease. Peace requires the absence of both direct and structural violence.

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ROSALES Albemar
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349 views7 pages

Secular Views/ Concepts of Peace and Violence: Reporter's: Larahbelle Alegre James Clerk Zabate

The document discusses the evolution of secular concepts of peace and violence. [1] Early definitions viewed peace narrowly as merely the absence of war or direct violence. [2] As late as 1966, peace was still defined this way. However, [3] an alternative view emerged in the late 1960s that shifted attention to indirect or structural violence built into social, political, and economic systems, which can also cause death and suffering through conditions like poverty and disease. Peace requires the absence of both direct and structural violence.

Uploaded by

ROSALES Albemar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Secular Views/ Concepts of

Peace and Violence


Reporter's:
Larahbelle Alegre
James Clerk Zabate
Early secular writings on the subject of peace indicate
that peace was defined as merely the absence of war or
direct violence. This negative formulation was first given
by Hugo Grotius in 1625 (Dabrosielski, 1987). The
simplest and most widespread understanding of peace
was that of absence of death and destruction as a result
of war and physical/ direct violence, an understanding
that was used as the initial point of departure in peace
research (Thee, 1982).

2
As late as 1966 the noted French thinker, Raymond Aron
defined peace narrowly as a condition of “more or less lasting
suspension of violent modes of rivalry between political units”
(Barash, 1999). Like many others who preceded him, he defined
peace as the absence of war or other direct forms of organized
violence.

3
However , an alternative view started to emerge , beginning with
the late 1960s. Attention started to shift from direct to indirect or
structural violence , i.e., ways in which people suffer from violence built
into a society via its social , political and economic systems (Hicks, 1987).
It was realized that it was only war and direct violence that caused death
and disfigurement . Structural violence also led to death and suffering
because of the conditions that resulted from it: extreme poverty ,
starvation , avoidable diseases , discrimination against minority groups
and denial of human rights.

4
It was further realized that a world marked by said conditions is a
world devoid of peace and human security; it breeds anger and
generates tension leading to armed conflict and war. In this
connection, Johan Galtung, a renowned peace theorist and
researcher, argues that structural violence occurs when the wealth of
affluent nations, groups or individuals is based on the labor and the
essential resources drawn from nations, groups, and individuals who,
as a consequence, are required to live diminished lives of deprivation
(Manez, 1973).

5
Three Concept of Peace

Apparently Johnson 1. Peace as world justice.


has identified major
concepts of peace 2. Peace as a world without
from his own war.
readings, in this
case in the field of 3. Peace as world order.
peace studies.
Johnson’s three
categories, are;

6
THANK YOU!!!

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