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A Deep Learning Approach For Efficient Decision Making in Healthcare Informatics

This document provides an abstract for a research paper on using deep learning for efficient decision making in healthcare informatics. It discusses how deep learning is emerging as a powerful tool for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It presents a literature review on applications of deep learning in fields like translational bioinformatics, medical imaging, sensing, and public health. It also discusses objectives like addressing misclassification issues and overfitting, and concludes that deep learning is useful but not a silver bullet, and its focus should not slow development of other machine learning methods.

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Rameshchandra K ECE
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44 views14 pages

A Deep Learning Approach For Efficient Decision Making in Healthcare Informatics

This document provides an abstract for a research paper on using deep learning for efficient decision making in healthcare informatics. It discusses how deep learning is emerging as a powerful tool for machine learning and artificial intelligence. It presents a literature review on applications of deep learning in fields like translational bioinformatics, medical imaging, sensing, and public health. It also discusses objectives like addressing misclassification issues and overfitting, and concludes that deep learning is useful but not a silver bullet, and its focus should not slow development of other machine learning methods.

Uploaded by

Rameshchandra K ECE
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© © All Rights Reserved
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A DEEP LEARNING APPROACH FOR

EFFICIENT DECISION MAKING IN


HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS
RESEARCH SCHOLAR
K.SONI SHARMILA
DEPT.OF CSE

INTERNAL GUIDE EXTERNAL GUIDE

DR.P.KIRANSREE DR.THANGA REVATHI.S

DEPT.OF CSE DEPT OF NWC,SCHOOL OF


COMPUTING
ABSTRACT
With a massive influx of multimodality data, the role of data analytics in
health informatics has grown rapidly in the last decade. This has also
prompted increasing interests in the generation of analytical, data driven
models based on machine learning in health informatics. Deep learning, a
technique with its foundation in artificial neural networks, is emerging in
recent years as a powerful tool for machine learning, promising to reshape
the future of artificial intelligence. Rapid improvements in computational
power, fast data storage, and parallelization have also contributed to the
rapid uptake of the technology in addition to its predictive power and ability
to generate automatically optimized high-level features and semantic
interpretation from the input data. This article presents a comprehensive up-
to-date review of research employing deep learning in health informatics,
providing a critical analysis of the relative merit, and potential pitfalls of the
technique as well as its future outlook. The paper mainly focuses on key
applications of deep learning in the fields of translational bioinformatics,
medical imaging, pervasive sensing, medical informatics, and public health.
INTRODUCTION
• Deep learning has in recent years set an exciting new trend in machine learning. The
theoretical foundations of deep learning are well rooted in the classical neural
network (NN) literature.
• Deep learning (DL) is a process that replicates the working mechanism of the human
brain in data processing, and it also creates patterns for decision making. Deep
learning or neural networks have been deployed in several fields, such as computer
vision, natural language processing, and speech recognition. It has been used in
many healthcare applications for the diagnosis and treatment of many chronic
diseases.
• health informatics, the generation of this automatic feature set without human
intervention has many advantages. For instance, in medical imaging, it can generate
features that are more sophisticated and difficult to elaborate in descriptive means.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Using deep learning to enhance cancer diagnosis and
classification[1]
Feature learning method to enhance cancer diagnosis and
classification from gene expression data using unsupervised
and deep leaning methods.
LITERATURE SURVEY

Predicting the sequence specificities of DNA-and RNA-binding


proteins by deep learning[2]
• DeepBind and have built a stand-alone software tool that is fully automatic and
handles millions of sequences per experiment. Specificities determined by
DeepBind are readily visualized as a weighted ensemble of position weight
matrices or as a 'mutation map' that indicates how variations affect binding within
a specific sequence.
LITERATURE SURVEY

"Deep learning"[3]
• Deep learning allows computational models that are composed of
multiple processing layers to learn representations of data with
multiple levels of abstraction. These methods have dramatically
improved the state-of-the-art in speech recognition, visual object
recognition, object detection and many other domains such as drug
discovery and genomics.
LITERATURE SURVEY

A fast learning algorithm for deep belief nets[4]

• We show how to use “complementary priors” to eliminate the


explaining away effects that make inference difficult in densely
connected belief nets that have many hidden layers. Using
complementary priors, we derive a fast, greedy algorithm that can
learn deep, directed belief networks one layer at a time, provided the
top two layers form an undirected associative memory.
LITERATURE SURVEY

Improving computer-aided detection using convolutional


neural networks and random view aggregation[5]
• Automated computer-aided detection (CADe) has been an important
tool in clinical practice and research. State-of-the-art methods often
show high sensitivities at the cost of high false-positives (FP) per
patient rates.
• These random views are used to train deep convolutional neural
network (ConvNet) classifiers. 
OBJECTIVES

• Misclassification Issues
Despite some recent work on visualizing high level features by using
the weight filters in a CNN [141], [142], the entire deep learning model
is often not interpretable. Consequently, most researchers use deep
learning approaches as a black box without the possibility to explain
why it provides good results or without the ability to apply
modifications in the case of misclassification issues.
OBJECTIVES
• overfitting problem
A common problem that can arise during the training of a DNN
(especially in the case of small datasets) is overfitting, which may occur
when the number of parameters in the network is proportional to the total
number of samples in the training set. In this case, the network is able to
memorize the training examples, but cannot generalize to new samples
that it has not already observed. Therefore, although the error on the
training set is driven to a very small value, the errors for new data will be
high. To avoid the overfitting problem and improve generalization,
regularization methods, such as the dropout [143], are usually exploited
during training.
CONCLUSION

• we should not consider deep learning as a silver bullet for every single
challenge set by health informatics. In practice, it is still questionable whether
the large amount of training data and computational resources needed to run
deep learning at full performance is worthwhile, considering other fast
learning algorithms that may produce close performance with fewer
resources, less parameterization, tuning, and higher interpretability.
Therefore, we conclude that deep learning has provided a positive revival of
NNs and connectionism from the genuine integration of the latest advances in
parallel processing enabled by coprocessors. Nevertheless, a sustained
concentration of health informatics research exclusively around deep learning
could slow down the development of new machine learning algorithms with a
more conscious use of computational resources and interpretability.
REFERENCES

• [1] R. Fakoor, F. Ladhak, A. Nazi and M. Huber, "Using deep learning to enhance
cancer diagnosis and classification", Proc. Int. Conf. Mach. Learn., pp. 1-7, 2013.
• [2] B. Alipanahi, A. Delong, M. T. Weirauch and B. J. Frey, "Predicting the
sequence specificities of DNA-and RNA-binding proteins by deep
learning", Nature Biotechnol., vol. 33, pp. 831-838, 2015.
• [3] Y. LeCun, Y. Bengio and G. Hinton, "Deep learning", Nature, vol. 521, no.
7553, pp. 436-444, 2015.
• [4] G. E. Hinton and R. R. Salakhutdinov, "Reducing the dimensionality of data
with neural networks", Science, vol. 313, no. 5786, pp. 504-507, 2006.
• [5] H. R. Roth et al., "Improving computer-aided detection using convolutional
neural networks and random view aggregation", IEEE Trans. Med. Imag., vol. 35,
no. 5, pp. 1170-1181, May 2016.
• [6] P. Vincent, H. Larochelle, Y. Bengio and P.-A. Manzagol, "Extracting and
composing robust features with denoising autoencoders", Proc. Int. Conf. Mach.
Learn., pp. 1096-1103, 2008.
• [7] S. Rifai, P. Vincent, X. Muller, X. Glorot and Y. Bengio, "Contractive auto-
encoders: Explicit invariance during feature extraction", Proc. Int. Conf. Mach.
Learn., pp. 833-840, 2011.
• [8] J. Masci, U. Meier, D. Cireşan and J. Schmidhuber, "Stacked convolutional
auto-encoders for hierarchical feature extraction", Proc. Int. Conf. Artif. Neural
Netw., pp. 52-59, 2011.
• [9] G. E. Hinton, S. Osindero and Y.-W. Teh, "A fast learning algorithm for deep
belief nets", Neural Comput., vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 1527-1554, 2006.
• [10] C. Poultney et al., "Efficient learning of sparse representations with an
energy-based model", Proc. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., pp. 1137-1144,
2006.

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