Apex Institute of Technology

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

PROGRAMMING IN PYTHON

(21CSH-284)

Mr. Vishal Prasad

E14181
Assistant Professor DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER
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CSE(AIT), CU
About Course
• To understand why Python is a useful scripting language for
developers.
• To learn how to design and program Python applications.
• To learn how to use lists, tuples, and dictionaries in Python programs.
• To define the structure and components of a Python program.
• To learn how to write loops and decision statements in Python.
• To learn how to write functions and pass arguments in Python.
• To learn how to build and package Python modules for reusability.
• To learn how to read and write files in Python.
Course Objectives
CO Number Title Level

CO1 Describe how Python can be applied to Understand &

well-constructed documents for Web Remember
browser-based technology in business
information systems
CO2 To evaluate the basics of Python Understand &
Programming and there Implementation
in Software Engineering Remember

CO3 Apply the best features of mathematics, Apply

engineering and natural sciences to
program real life

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Course Outcomes

• To understand why Python is a useful scripting language for developers

• To learn how to use lists, tuples, and dictionaries in Python programs
• To learn how to build and package Python modules for reusability

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 Contents to be Covered
• Lists in Python.

• Operation on List
A List is a kind of
Collection
• A collection allows us to put many values in a single “variable”
• A collection is nice because we can carry all many values around in
one convenient package.

friends = [ 'Joseph', 'Glenn', 'Sally' ]

carryon = [ 'socks', 'shirt', 'perfume' ]

What is not a “Collection”
• Most of our variables have one value in them - when we put a new
value in the variable - the old value is over written
$ python
Python 2.5.2 (r252:60911, Feb 22 2008, 07:57:53)
[GCC 4.0.1 (Apple Computer, Inc. build 5363)] on darwin
>>> x = 2
>>> x = 4
>>> print x
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List Constants
• List constants are surrounded by >>> print [1, 24, 76]
square brakets and the [1, 24, 76]
elements in the list are >>> print ['red', 'yellow', 'blue']
separated by commas. ['red', 'yellow', 'blue']
• A list element can be any >>> print ['red', 24, 98.6]
['red', 24, 98.599999999999994]
Python object - even another
>>> print [ 1, [5, 6], 7]
list
[1, [5, 6], 7]
• A list can be empty >>> print []
[]
We already use lists!

5
4
for i in [5, 4, 3, 2, 1] : 3
print i 2
print 'Blastoff!' 1
Blastoff!
Lists and definite loops - best pals

friends = ['Joseph', 'Glenn', 'Sally']

for friend in friends :
print 'Happy New Year:', friend
print 'Done!' Happy New Year
Looking Inside Lists
• Just like strings, we can get at any single element in a list using an
index specified in square brackets

>>> friends = [ 'Joseph', 'Glenn', 'Sally' ]

Joseph Glenn Sally >>> print friends[1]
Glenn
0 1 2 >>>
Lists are Mutable
>>> fruit = 'Banana’
• Strings are "immutable" - >>> fruit[0] = 'b’
Traceback
we cannot change the TypeError: 'str' object does not
contents of a string - we support item assignment
must make a new string to >>> x = fruit.lower()
make any change >>> print x
banana
• Lists are "mutable" - we can >>> lotto = [2, 14, 26, 41, 63]
change an element of a list >>> print lotto[2, 14, 26, 41, 63]
>>> lotto[2] = 28
using the index operator >>> print lotto
[2, 14, 28, 41, 63]
How Long is a List?
• The len() function takes a list as >>> greet = 'Hello Bob’
a parameter and returns the
number of elements in the list >>> print len(greet)
• Actually len() tells us the 9
number of elements of any set >>> x = [ 1, 2, 'joe', 99]
or sequence (i.e. such as a
string...)
>>> print len(x)
4
>>>
Using the range function

• The range function returns a

list of numbers that range >>> print range(4)
[0, 1, 2, 3]
from zero to one less than the
>>> friends = ['Joseph', 'Glenn', 'Sally']
parameter >>> print len(friends)
• We can construct an index 3
loop using for and an integer >>> print range(len(friends))
iterator [0, 1, 2]
>>>
A tale of two loops...

>>> friends = ['Joseph', 'Glenn', 'Sally']

>>> print len(friends)
3
friends = ['Joseph', 'Glenn', 'Sally'] >>> print range(len(friends))
[0, 1, 2]
for friend in friends : >>>
print 'Happy New Year:', friend

for i in range(len(friends)) :
friend = friends[i]
print 'Happy New Year:', friend Happy New Year: Joseph
Happy New Year: Glenn
Happy New Year: Sally
Concatenating lists using +
• We can create a new list by
adding two exsiting lists together >>> a = [1, 2, 3]
>>> b = [4, 5, 6]
>>> c = a + b
>>> print c
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> print a
[1, 2, 3]
Lists can be sliced using :
>>> t = [9, 41, 12, 3, 74, 15]
>>> t[1:3]
Remember: Just
[41,12]
like in strings, the
>>> t[:4]
second number is
[9, 41, 12, 3]
"up to but not
>>> t[3:]
including"
[3, 74, 15]
>>> t[:]
[9, 41, 12, 3, 74, 15]
List Methods

>>> x = list()
>>> type(x)<type 'list'>
>>> dir(x)['append', 'count', 'extend', 'index',
'insert', 'pop', 'remove', 'reverse', 'sort']
>>>

Source:[http://docs.python.org/tutorial/datastructures.html]
Building a list from scratch
• We can create an empty >>> stuff = list()
list and then add
elements using the >>> stuff.append('book')
append method >>> stuff.append(99)
• The list stays in order and >>> print stuff
new elements are added
at the end of the list ['book', 99]
>>> stuff.append('cookie')
>>> print stuff
['book', 99, 'cookie']
Is Something in a List?
• Python provides two
operators that let you
>>> some = [1, 9, 21, 10, 16]
check if an item is in a
>>> 9 in some
list
True
• These are logical >>> 15 in some
operators that return False
True or False >>> 20 not in some
• They do not modify the True
list >>>
A List is an Ordered Sequence

• A list can hold many items

and keeps those items in the
order until we do something >>> friends = [ 'Joseph', 'Glenn', 'Sally' ]
to change the order >>> friends.sort()
>>> print friends
• A list can be sorted (i.e. ['Glenn', 'Joseph', 'Sally']
change its order) >>> print friends[1]
• The sort method (unlike in Joseph>>>
strings) means "sort yourself"
 Built in Functions and Lists
• There are a number of
functions built into >>> nums = [3, 41, 12, 9, 74, 15]
Python that take lists as >>> print len(nums)
parameters 6
>>> print max(nums)
• Remember the loops we 74>>> print min(nums)
built? These are much 3
simpler >>> print sum(nums)
154
>>> print sum(nums)/len(nums)
25

Source:[http://docs.python.org/lib/built-in-funcs.html]
 Key Points
• Concept of a collection
• Lists and definite loops
• Indexing and lookup
• List mutability
• Functions: len, min, max, sum
• Slicing lists

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Learning Material

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 Research Articles

M. Poole, "Extending the design of a blocks-based python environment to

support complex types," 2017 IEEE Blocks and Beyond Workshop (B&B),
Raleigh, NC, 2017, pp. 1-7, doi: 10.1109/BLOCKS.2017.8120400.

Wonjae Lee and Hak-Young Kim, "Genetic algorithm implementation in

Python," Fourth Annual ACIS International Conference on Computer and
Information Science (ICIS'05), Jeju Island, South Korea, 2005, pp. 8-11, doi:
10.1109/ICIS.2005.69.
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e-Mail: [email protected]

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