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Using Parallel Structures

The document discusses parallel structure and provides examples of its proper use in writing. Parallel structure involves using similar grammatical forms in a series of words, phrases, or clauses. It provides balance, clarity and establishes a rhythmic pattern. The document reviews rules for using parallel structure, such as when elements are joined by coordinating conjunctions or written as a list. It also discusses maintaining parallel structure when comparing or contrasting elements. Maintaining parallel structure enhances readability and comprehension.

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Trisha Sampang Lagumbay
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49 views32 pages

Using Parallel Structures

The document discusses parallel structure and provides examples of its proper use in writing. Parallel structure involves using similar grammatical forms in a series of words, phrases, or clauses. It provides balance, clarity and establishes a rhythmic pattern. The document reviews rules for using parallel structure, such as when elements are joined by coordinating conjunctions or written as a list. It also discusses maintaining parallel structure when comparing or contrasting elements. Maintaining parallel structure enhances readability and comprehension.

Uploaded by

Trisha Sampang Lagumbay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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USING

PARALLEL
STRUCTURES
WHAT IS…?
PARALLEL PARALLELISM
-Is an adjective that means being - It is when Phrases in a sentence have similar
everywhere equidistant. or the same grammatical structure.

- Provides a phrase with balance and clarity

- Serves to give phrases a pattern and rhythm

- The repetition of two grammatical form in two


or more parts of a sentence.
WHICH IS CORRECT?

“It is better to give that


receiving.”
WHICH IS CORRECT?

“It is better to give that “It is better to give than


receiving.” to receive

OR
WHICH IS CORRECT?

“It is better to give that “It is better to give than


receiving.” to receive

OR

“Simple is beauty”
WHICH IS CORRECT?

“It is better to give that “It is better to give than


receiving.” to receive

OR

“Simple is beauty” “Simplicity is beauty”


WHICH WORD AMONG THE FOLLOWING
HAS A DIFFERENT GRAMMATICAL FORM?

dig, cook, dance, singing


WHICH WORD AMONG THE FOLLOWING
HAS A DIFFERENT GRAMMATICAL FORM?

dig, cook, dance, singing


WHICH WORD AMONG THE FOLLOWING
HAS A DIFFERENT GRAMMATICAL FORM?

dig, cook, dance, singing

dig, cook, dance, sing


BASIC FORM or INFINITIVE FORM
WHICH WORD AMONG THE FOLLOWING
HAS A DIFFERENT GRAMMATICAL FORM?

locked, ate, took, looked, waits, ran

dig, cook, dance, sing


WHICH WORD AMONG THE FOLLOWING
HAS A DIFFERENT GRAMMATICAL FORM?

locked, ate, took, looked, waits, ran

dig, cook, dance, sing


WHICH WORD AMONG THE FOLLOWING
HAS A DIFFERENT GRAMMATICAL FORM?

Locked, ate, took, looked, waits, ran

Locked, ate, took, looked, waited, ran


WHICH WORD AMONG THE FOLLOWING
HAS A DIFFERENT GRAMMATICAL FORM?

locked, ate, took, looked, waits, ran

locked, ate, took, looked, waited, ran


PAST FORM
WHICH WORD AMONG THE FOLLOWING
HAS A DIFFERENT GRAMMATICAL FORM?

beautiful, simple, intelligent, actively, lazy

locked, ate, took, looked, waited, ran


WHICH WORD AMONG THE FOLLOWING
HAS A DIFFERENT GRAMMATICAL FORM?

beautiful, simple, intelligent, actively, lazy

locked, ate, took, looked, waited, ran


WHICH WORD AMONG THE FOLLOWING
HAS A DIFFERENT GRAMMATICAL FORM?

beautiful, simple, intelligent, actively, lazy

locked, ate, took, looked, waited, ran


WHICH WORD AMONG THE FOLLOWING
HAS A DIFFERENT GRAMMATICAL FORM?

beautiful, simple, intelligent, actively, lazy

beautiful, simple, intelligent, active, lazy


WHICH HAS A PARALLEL
STRUCTURE?

A. I like to jog, bake, paint, and watch movies.

B. I like to jog, bake, paint, and watching movies.

C. I like to jogging, baking, painting, and watching


movies.
WHICH HAS A PARALLEL
STRUCTURE?

A. I like to jog, bake, paint, and watch movies.

B. I like to jog, bake, paint, and watching movies.

C. I like to jogging, baking, painting, and watching


movies.
REMEMBER!!!

• When a series is composed of verbs, do not


mix forms.
For example: Mixing an infinitive (a verb
beginning with “to”) with a gerund (a verb
form ending in “ing”) breaks parallel structure.
RULES TO CONSIDER
WHEN CHECKING FOR
PARALLEL STRUCTURE
IN YOUR WRITING:
1. PARALLEL STRUCTURE SHOULD BE USED WHEN
CHECKING ELEMENTS ARE JOINED BY COORDINATING
CONJUNCTION.
1. PARALLEL STRUCTURE SHOULD BE USED WHEN
CHECKING ELEMENTS ARE JOINED BY COORDINATING
CONJUNCTION.

Incorrect:

I am allergic to the dog’s hair and how it smells.

Correct:

I am allergic to the dog’s hair and smell.


1. PARALLEL STRUCTURE SHOULD BE USED WHEN
CHECKING ELEMENTS ARE JOINED BY COORDINATING
CONJUNCTION.

A. She planned to collect data by either using an online survey


or phone interviews.

B. She planned to collect data by either using an online


interview or conducting phone interviews.

C. She planned to collect data through either online surveys or


phone interviews.
1. PARALLEL STRUCTURE SHOULD BE USED WHEN
CHECKING ELEMENTS ARE JOINED BY COORDINATING
CONJUNCTION.

A. She planned to collect data by either using an online survey


or phone interviews.

B. She planned to collect data by either using an online


interview or conducting phone interviews.

C. She planned to collect data through either online surveys or


phone interviews.
2. PARALLEL STRUCTURE SHOULD BE USED WHEN
WRITING ELEMENTS IN THE FORM OF A LIST OR A SERIES.

Incorrect:

The class valued respect, honesty, and being on time in a


teacher.

Correct:

The class valued respect, honesty, and promptness in a teacher.


2. PARALLEL STRUCTURE SHOULD BE USED WHEN
WRITING ELEMENTS IN THE FORM OF A LIST OR A SERIES.

A. The frustrated customer wanted to exchange the article, to


obtain a refund, or she wanted to speak to the manager.

B. The frustrated customer


• wanted to exchange the article, to
obtain a refund, or to speak to the manager.

C. The frustrated customer wanted to exchange the article,


obtain a refund, or speak to the manager.
2. PARALLEL STRUCTURE SHOULD BE USED WHEN
WRITING ELEMENTS IN THE FORM OF A LIST OR A SERIES.

A. The frustrated customer wanted to exchange the article, to


obtain a refund, or she wanted to speak to the manager.

B. The frustrated customer


• wanted to exchange the article, to
obtain a refund, or to speak to the manager.

C. The frustrated customer wanted to exchange the article,


obtain a refund, or speak to the manager.
3. PARALLEL STRUCTURE SHOULD BE USED WHEN
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING ELEMENTS. (A IS BETTER
THAN B OR X IS LESS THAT Y)

Incorrect:

James enjoys reading more than to write.

Correct:

James enjoys reading more than writing.


3. PARALLEL STRUCTURE SHOULD BE USED WHEN
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING ELEMENTS. (A IS BETTER
THAN B OR X IS LESS THAT Y)

A. I like swimming better than to dive.

•
B. I like swimming better than diving.

C. I like to swim better than to dive.


3. PARALLEL STRUCTURE SHOULD BE USED WHEN
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING ELEMENTS. (A IS BETTER
THAN B OR X IS LESS THAT Y)

A. I like swimming better than to dive.

•
B. I like swimming better than diving.

C. I like to swim better than to dive.


“When you write a sentence with a series of clauses, make
sure that they start and end the same way. If you don’t,
you destroy the rhythm you’ve tried to establish. More
important, if you use parallel structures, your readers will
have a more enjoyable time absorbing and understanding
your facts, ideas, and concepts.”

(Robert M. King, A Journalistic Approach to Good Writing.


Wileyy, 2003

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