The Rise of The Ottoman Turks The Fall of Constantinople The Spread of The Ottoman Empire The Safavid Empire The Mughal Empire
The Rise of The Ottoman Turks The Fall of Constantinople The Spread of The Ottoman Empire The Safavid Empire The Mughal Empire
The Rise of The Ottoman Turks The Fall of Constantinople The Spread of The Ottoman Empire The Safavid Empire The Mughal Empire
Empires
•THE RISE OF THE OTTOMAN TURKS
•THE FALL OF CONSTANTINOPLE
•THE SPREAD OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
•THE SAFAVID EMPIRE
•THE MUGHAL EMPIRE
The Ottoman Capital -- Constantinople
Landowners / Christians
Tax Collectors
Vizier – Head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after the 15th c. often
more powerful that the sultan
Definition
Harem – was the part of the household in which
the wives and female slaves of the sultan lived.
Generally, the sultan favored one or two wives and
children over others in the harem, which caused
much strife and political intrigue in the harem
itself.
A powerful player in the politics was the queen
mother, the mother of the sultan. Generally she
emerged as a major advisor to the throne. She had
to make her son stand out from all of the other
sons in the harm.
Mehmet II: 1444-1445; 1451-1481
(“The Conqueror”)
Major Point in
History –
The Ottoman
Expansion
into Europe
was stopped
twice.
Siege of Vienna 1529 & 1683
Hagia Sophia - Istanbul
Hagia Sophia - interior
Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul
Suleiman the Magnificent:
(1520-1566)
Suleiman’s Signature
A surge of artistic
achievement in
textiles, rugs, and
wall hangings being
produced with
intricate and
beautiful color
schemes and Islamic
designs
Scholars at the Galata Observatory
(Suleiman’s Constantinople), 1557
•By the 1700’s European advances in
both commerce and military
technology were leaving the Ottomans
behind
•While European industry and trade
pressed ahead the aging Ottoman
empire remained dependent
agriculture
•Russia and there European powers
chipped away at Ottoman lands, while
local rulers in North Africa and
elsewhere broke away from Ottoman
control
The Ottoman Empire During the 16c
The Decline
Grand vizier and others exercised more power,
sultans retreated to their harem
Pashas became corrupt, with law and order
secondary concerns
Turkish culture became influenced by Western
standards contrary to Islamic law. Alcohol, coffee
and tobacco were used
Unrest smoldered waiting for the right moment to
flame up
Tamerlane (1336-1405)
or “Timur, the Lame”
Isfahan the capital, the arts flourished under Shah Abba, Silk and
carpet weaving spread through the region.
•Chaldiran – Important battle between the Safavids and
Ottomans in 1514; Ottoman victory demonstrated the
importance of firearms and checked the western advance of
their Shi’a state
•Imams – Shi’a religious leaders who traced their descent to
Ali’s successors
•Mullahs – Religious leaders under the Safavids; worked to
convert all subjects to Shi’ism
• qizilbash (Redheads) – called because of colorful red
headgear – followers of Shah Ismail founder of Safavid dynasty
– Ismail imposed Shi’a as main religion
The Quick Decline of the Safavid
Shah Abbas death (power vacuum)
Shiite dissatisfied with peace with the Sunnis
Bordering nations seized territory
Afghans invaded from the East, ottoman Turks
from the West, Persia fell into a state of political
chaos and anarchy.
Persia would remain in this state for many years
The Delhi Sultanate