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Measurement and Sig Figs (1.4-1.6) : Practice Problem Practice Problem

The document discusses measurement units and significant figures. It defines common metric units like meters, kilograms, seconds, and moles. It explains that a micrometer is smaller than a nanometer by a factor of 1000. It provides examples of unit conversions between liters, milliliters, and cubic centimeters. It also reviews rules for determining the number of significant figures in calculations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

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48 views10 pages

Measurement and Sig Figs (1.4-1.6) : Practice Problem Practice Problem

The document discusses measurement units and significant figures. It defines common metric units like meters, kilograms, seconds, and moles. It explains that a micrometer is smaller than a nanometer by a factor of 1000. It provides examples of unit conversions between liters, milliliters, and cubic centimeters. It also reviews rules for determining the number of significant figures in calculations involving addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

Uploaded by

Spark Hires
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Measurement and Sig Figs (1.4-1.

6)
Practice Problem Practice Problem
By what factor do a micrometer and a A student sets up the following equation to solve a
nanometer differ? problem. What are the units for the answer?

A. A micrometer is smaller by a factor of 106.


B. A micrometer is larger by a factor of 106.
C. A nanometer is larger by a factor of 103.
D. A nanometer is smaller by a factor of 103.

ANSWER: D ANSWER: mol


Remember, “micro” = 1 x 10-6, and ”nano” = 1 x
10-9

0.23 𝐿 ( 1 𝑚𝐿
3
10 𝐿 )( 0.76 𝑔
1 𝑚𝐿 )( 1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
)
43.37 𝑔
=¿
0.1748
43370
−6
𝑚𝑜𝑙=4.0 𝑥 10 𝑚𝑜𝑙
Measurement and Sig Figs (1.4-1.6)
What about volume?
Metric Base Units and Derived Units
• Length: meter (m)
• Mass: kilogram (kg) 2 cm
• Time: second (s) V=?
• Temperature: kelvins (K) 2 cm
• Number of particles: mole (mol) 5 cm

Volume = length × width × height

𝑉 =( 5 𝑐𝑚 ) ( 2 𝑐𝑚 ) ( 2 𝑐𝑚 )= (5 ∗ 2 ∗2 ) ( 𝑐𝑚 ∗𝑐𝑚 ∗ 𝑐𝑚 )=20 𝑐𝑚3


Temperature Scales This is the one to remember!
(we won’t use F much)

K = °C + 273.15

°F = x Temp in °C + 32

°C = x Temp in °F – 32

Source: http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/Physics/Cryogenics/AbsoluteZero/absolutezero/AbsoluteZero.jpg
Know these prefixes! 1 centimeter = 10-2 meters
1 centimeter = 0.01 meters

100 centimeters = 1 meters


1 L = ? mL
Prefixes 1 L = 1000 mL

Therefore, we can use:


Which of the volumes listed below is the largest?
1000 mL 1L
   
1L
or
1000 mL
42.8 mL 4.28 x 10 -2
L
3.3 x 10-3 L 3.3 x 10-3 L
1.9 x 10-7 kL 1.9 x 10-4 L
1𝐿 −2
48,000 nL 4.80 x 10 L
-5 4.28 𝑚𝐿 ×
1000 𝑚𝐿
=0.0428 𝐿=4.28 𝑥 10 𝐿
Question #7
Which of the following equals 1.56 meters?

A. 156 mm
B. 156000 mm 1 m = 1000 mm
C. 1560 mm
1000 𝑚𝑚
D. 15.6 mm 1.56 𝑚 × =1560 𝑚𝑚
1𝑚
Question #8
I have an object that weighs 5.60 lbs. Convert this to
grams using the following conversion factors:

A. 12300 g 1 kg = 2.2 lb
B. 2.55 g 1 kg = 1000 g
C. 5600 g
D. 2550 g
1 𝑘𝑔 1000 𝑔
5.60 𝑙𝑏𝑠× × =2550 𝑔
2.2 𝑙𝑏 1 𝑘𝑔
I actually got 2545.454545454545g …..
Q: Why can’t I report all these digits after the decimal?
A: This calculation is based on a measured value of 5.60 lbs

By showing the trailing 0, we demonstrate this was measured with certainty


only to the hundredths place (not 5.59 lbs, not 5.61 lbs but 5.60 lbs).

We do not have certainty about the thousandths place (5.601 lbs? 5.599 lbs?
- we don’t know - we did not measure the original mass this precicely).

Therefore, we cannot represent this accuracy in our calculation!


A = 2550 g (3 “Sig Figs”)
It’s all about measurement!

22 mL
21 mL

Expect something like +/- 0.1 mL etched here!


A. 21.6 mL
In other words, this instrument can be read to B. 21 mL
the tenth of a mL
C. 26.06 mL
D. 21.60 mL
Rules for Counting Significant Figures
Rule 1: Non-zero digits (1 – 9) are always significant.
Rule 2: Leading zeros are NOT significant.
Rule 3: Confined (or captive) zeros ALWAYS count as
significant.
Rule 4: Trailing zeros are zeros at the end of a number.
They are sometimes significant.

Multiplication or division:
• The final answer carries the same number of significant figures
as the factor with the fewest significant figures.

Addition and subtraction:


• The final answer carries the same number of decimal places as
the quantity with the fewest decimal places.

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