Wetlands
Wetlands
Wetlands
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SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
HEAD OF DEPARTMENT ,
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE
KOTTAYAM.
DEFINITIO
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Wetlands are ecotones or transitional zones between permanently acqatic and dry
teresstial ecosystems,
-Ramsar conection has defined - - areas of marsh ,fen, peatland ,or water , whether
natural or artificial , permanent or temporary with water that is static or flowing ,
fresh , brackish or salt , including areas of marine water depth of which at low tide
doesnot exceed six meters.
Topography
Hydrology
Water chemistry
Vegetation
Human disturbance
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USE OF WETLANDS
Flood control
Water purification
Reservoir of biodiversity
Cultural values- eg: traditional indigenous method of farming below sea level.
Anthropogenic pressures
Coastal wetlands :-
Natural Man-made
Coral reef
Roacky coast
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Inland wetlands
Natural Man-made
Lake/pods Reservoir
Sea water mixes with fresh water to form an environment of varying salinities
Mangroove swamps with salt loving shrubs or trees are common in tropical climate.
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Non tidal wetlands
Low-lying areas where the GW intercepts the soil surface or where precipitation
sufficiently saturates the soil vernal pools and bogs.
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NON-TIDAL WETLANDS
CREEK :- A tidal inlet typically in a salt marsh or mangrove swamp.
Alternatively , between enclosed and drained , former salt marshes or
swamps . In these cases the stream is the tidal stream.
Semi enclosed coastal body of water with one or more streams flowing into
it, and with a free connection to the open sea or estuary is where river meets
the sea
RIA
FJORD ORFIORD
SOUND LAGOON
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WETLANDS OF WORLD
Internationaly important wetland – 2331 ramsar sites
2.1million square km
2 CAMARGUE (FRANCE)
OKAVANGO (BOTSWANNA)
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KAFUE(ZAMBIA)
EVERGLADES (USA)
THANK YOU